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(4) I intended to lie to him, but failed. ( ) (5) Unfortunately, I failed the driving test. ( )
2. 在每一空格上填上恰当的介词。
(1) I don’t agree _____ you completely. I have my own opinion. (2) The dictionary is not Tom’s. It belongs _____ me.
(3) Use your head, and you will think _____ some ways to solve the problem. (4) To improve my English, I work hard _____ it. (5) Look _____ the cloudy sky! It is going to rain. Key：
1. 不及物动词：(1)、(3)、(4)； 及物动词：(2)、(5)。 2. (1) — (5) with, to, up, at, at 句型三 主语+及物动词+宾语
[练习] 划出以下句子的主、谓、宾部分。 如：Doing morning exercises benefits our health. (1) I wrote a passage last night.
(2) I doubt whether he will join us in the debate. (3) We missed going to college for that reason. (4) What he said touched me greatly.
句型四 主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语） [讲解] （1）双宾语指直接宾语与间接宾语。一般地说，宾语指人为间接宾语，宾语指物为直接宾语。例如：My father bought me a car.（me为间接宾语，a car 为直接宾语） The singer sang us another song.（us为间接宾语，another song 为直接宾语）
（2）如果直接宾语放在及物动词之后、间接宾语之前，那么两个宾语之间应有一个介词(to, for等)。 The teacher offered some advice on learning English to us. The singer sang another song for us. [练习] 在每一空格上填上一个恰当的介词。
(1) Mother bought a birthday cake ______me. (2) Give another apple______her. She likes it. (3) The company will provide some drinks ______ the volunteers.
Key：
句型三
(1) I wrote a passage last night.
(2) I doubt whether he will join us in the debate.
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(3) We missed going to college for that reason. (4) What he said touched me greatly.
句型四
(1) — (3) for; to; for
句型五 主语+及物动词+复合宾语 (宾语+宾补)
[讲解] 宾补是用来描述或说明宾语的动作、状态或特征。宾语是宾补的逻辑主语(暗含的主语)。宾补可由名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式(短语)、分词(短语)等来充当。例如：
Tom made the baby laugh. (不带to的不定式laugh作宾补) Tell him to follow the instructions. (不定式短语作宾补) They made Beijing the capital of the PRC. (名词作宾补)
We saw the old man crossing the street when we walked. (现在分词短语作宾补) I tried my best to make the lesson a lively one. (不定代词one作宾补) What made you here? (副词作宾补)
We found ourselves in great trouble. (介词短语作宾补)
Don’t leave the machine working all day long. (现在分词短语作宾补) [练习] 根据汉语或英语提示在空格上填一个恰当的单词。 (1) Let him ________(进来).
(2) Let the student ________(站) outside the classroom. (3) We made our classroom ________(明亮).
(4) Father have some employees ________(work) all day and all night. (5) Did you have your bicycle ________(repair)?
(6) I have nothing ________(do) this afternoon. Let’s go swimming. (7) He kept us ________(read) the story once and again. (8) The keeper kept the monkey ________(在笼子里). (9) Jenny had her money ________(偷了).
(10) I found myself ________(surround) by some snakes. (11) I would like to see the plan ________(carry) out. (12) Who got the machine ________(start)?
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(13) Jim asked me ________(wait) him at the school gate. (14) The boy was made ________(stand) outside the room. (15) Don’t allow the guests ________(smoke) here. Key：
(1) — (5) in; stand; bright; working; repaired
(6) — (10) to do; reading; in the cage; stolen; surrounded (11) — (15) carried; started; to wait; to stand; to smoke
作者：佚名
九．定语从句
I. 定语从句起了形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。 关系词 先行词 从句成分 例句 备注 who Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? 人 主语 Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working whom, which和whom 人 宾语 The boy (whom) she loved died in the war.. that在从句中做I like those books whose topics are about history. 宾语时，常可以whose 人，物 定语 The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate. 省略，但介词提关系前时后面关系代A plane is a machine that can fly. 代词 that 人，物 主语，宾语 词不能省略，也She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much. 不可以用that The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. which 物 主语，宾语 The picture which was about the accident was terrible. He is such a person as is respected by all of us. as做宾语一般不as 人，物 主语，宾语 This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. 省略 when I will never forget the day when we met there. 时间 时间状语 可用on which 关系where This is the house where I was born. 地点 地点状语 可用in which 副词 why I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer. 可用for which 原因 原因状语 II. that与which, who, whom的用法区别： 情况 用法说明 例句 1． 先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, 1.He told me everything that he knows. 2.All the books that you offered has been much,等不定代词时。 given out. 2． 先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, 3.This is the best film that I have ever read. few等修饰时 只用that的情况 4.We talked about the persons and things 3． 先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时 that we remembered. 4． 先行词既指人又指物时 5.He is the only man that I want to see. 5． 先行词被the only, the very修饰时 6.Who is the man that is making a speech? 6． 句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时 1． 在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study. who/whom指人 只用which, who, 2． 在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能I like the person to whom the teacher is talking. whom的情况 用which指物，whom指人。 3． 先行词本身是that时，关系词用which, 先行词为Those who respect others are usually respected by others. those, one, he时多用who。 III. as与which的区别： 3eud教育网 http://www.3edu.net 教学资源集散地。可能是最大的免费教育资源网！
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定语从句 区别 例句 限制性定名词前有such和the same修饰时，关系代词用as,不He is not such a fool as he looks. Don’t read such books as you can’t understand. 语从句中 能用which as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如，They won the game, as we had expected. 非限制性象”的含义，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，They won the game, which we hadn’t expected. 定语从句那么用as；而which引导的从句只能放主句后，并无As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 中 1980s. “正如”的意思。 IV. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别： 类别 语法意义及特征 例句 限制性定语从对先行词起修饰限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整明The accident happened at the time when 句 确，这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。 I left. 对先行词作附加的说明，与主句的关系不十分密切，较松散。His mother, whom he loved deeply, died 非限制性定语从句和主句之间用逗号分开，相当于一个插入语，不能用thatten years ago. 从句 引导，关系代词做宾语时也不能省略。
十．名词性从句 种类 作用 常用关联词 例句 Whether he will come or not doesn’t matter 在复合句中做主语，相当于名词，一般much. 主语从句 置谓语之前，也可用it作形式主语，主that, whether, if, as Whoever comes here will be welcome. 语从句放主句之后 if, as though, who, 在复合句中做表语，相当于名词，位于表语从句 whose, which, how, It looks as if it is going to snow. 系动词之后 when, where, why, He asked me which team could win the game. 宾语从句 在复合句中做宾语，相当于名词 what, whatever, 放在名词之后(news, problem, idea, whoever, wherever You have no idea how worried we are. 同位语从suggestion, advice, thought, hope, fact等) The fact that he lied again greatly surprised us. 句 表明其具体内容 十一。状语从句 种类 连接词 注意点 主句表示将来意义时，从句须用一般现在时；whilewhen, whenever, while, as, before, after, until, till, by the 引导的从句中动词一般是延续性的；until用在肯时间状语 time, as soon as, hardly…when, no sooner…than, the 定句中主句动词是延续性的，而否定句中主句动moment, the minute, immediately, directly, instantly 词为短暂性的。 地点状语 where, wherever because语气最强，since较弱，表示大家都明了的原因状语 because, as, since, now that 原因，as又次之。 条件状语 if, unless, once, in case, as long as, on condition that 从句中动词时态不可用将来时，常用一般时代替 so that和in order that后常接may, should, could, 目的状语 so that, in order that, for fear that would等情态动词 结果状语 so…that, such…that 比较状语 than, as…as, not so/as…as, the more…the more 方式状语 as if, as though, as as if 和as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气。 though, although, even if, even though, as, no matter as在让步状语从句中常用倒装形式；although和what, whatever, no matter who, whoever, no matter 让步状语 though用正常语序，可和yet连用，但不可和butwhich, whichever, no matter how, however, no matter 连用 when, whenever 十二。倒装句 种类 倒装条件 例句 3eud教育网 http://www.3edu.net 教学资源集散地。可能是最大的免费教育资源网！
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here, there, up, down, in, out, off, away等副词开头的句子Out rushed the children. 完全表示强调 Under the tree stood two tables and four chairs. 倒装 表示地点的介词短语作状语位于句首 Present at the meeting were 1,000 students. 强调表语，置于句首，或为保持句子平衡 never, hardly, scarcely, seldom, little, not until, not等表示否Hardly did I know what had happened. 定意义的副词放于句首 Only then did he realized the importance of English. only和修饰的状语放于句首 Not only does he know French, but also he is expert at it. not only…but also连接并列的句子，前倒后不倒 Neither do I know it, nor do I care about it. neither…nor…连接并列的句子，前后都倒装 部分so…that, such…that中的so或such及修饰的成分放于句So busy is he that he can not go on a holiday. 倒装 首时前倒后不倒 Child as he is, he has learned a lot. as引导的让步状语 so, neither或nor表示前句内容也适用于另外的人或事。 He can play the piano. So can i. May you be in good health! 用于表示祝愿的祈使句中 Were I you, I would not do it in this way. 省略if的虚拟条件 十三。虚拟语气 类别 用法 例句 If he were here, he would help 从句动词：过去式（be用were） 与现在事实相反 us. 主句动词：should/would/could/might+动词原形 If I had been free, I would If引导的条从句动词：had+过去分词 与过去事实相反 件从句 主句动词：should/would/could/might+have+过去分词 have visited you. 从句动词：过去式 / should+动词原形 / were+不定式 If it should rain tomorrow, we 与将来事实相反 would not go camping. 主句动词：should/would/could/might+动词原形 They are talking as if they had as if引导的状语从句中动词用过去式或过去完成式 been friends for years. 其它状语从句 in order that / so that引导的状语从句中动词用can / could / may / might / Turn on the light so that we can see it clearly. would等+动词原形 He suggested that we not demand, suggest, order, insist后接的从句中动词为should+动词原形 change our mind. 宾语从句 wish后的从句中分别用过去式，过去完成式和should/would+动词原形表I wish I could be a pop singer. 示与现在，过去和将来情况相反 在It is necessary / important / strange that…, It is suggested / demanded / It is strange that such a person 主语从句 should be our friends. ordered / requested that… 等从句中，谓语动词用should+动词原形 It’s high time that we left. It is time that…句型中动词用过去式或should+动词原形 I would rather you stayed at would rather所接的从句中动词用过去式或者过去完成式 其它句型中 home now. If only our dream had come If only句型中动词常用过去式或者过去完成式，表示强烈的愿望 true!
十四。重要句型
1. It was not until midnight that he finished his task.
2. Not until he came back from abroad was I able to see him again. 3. The harder you work, the greater progress you will make. 4. He walked around the house, gun in hand.
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