武汉科技大学本科毕业设计
摘 要
炼焦行业在国民经济中占据着重要地位。焦炉作为炼焦车间的主体结构，它的设计和研究有着重要的意义。本设计的内容是年产70万吨焦炭炼焦车间。配煤比为：气煤40%，肥煤10%，1/3焦煤25%，焦煤10%，瘦煤15%。在配煤工段，本设计采用配合粉碎工艺，同时对配合煤的调湿工艺进行了讨论。炉型选择方面，本设计结合我国在焦炉设计领域的实际情况，采用技术最为成熟的WH43K型捣固焦炉。炭化室有效容积为23.9m3，炭化室孔数根据焦炭年产量确定为2×40孔。焦炉采用焦炉煤气加热，周转时间为18小时。本设计的重点内容是工艺计算，工艺计算包括物料衡算、热量衡算、蓄热室计算、炉体水压计算、烟囱高度计算。经计算得出：蓄热室格子砖高度为3.556m，烟囱高度为80m。在熄焦方式上，本设计选择先进的干法熄焦，湿法熄焦设备作为备用。干法熄焦不仅能够提高焦炭质量，而且可以对红焦的热量进行回收利用。本设计，焦炭分为四级：> 40mm，40～25mm，25～10mm，10～0mm。此外，本设计还对焦炉机械进行了选型和计算。
关键词： 配煤； 捣固焦炉； 干熄焦
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武汉科技大学本科毕业设计
Abstract
Coking industry is occupying the important status in the national economy. As the main body of coking workshop, the design and research of coke oven are significant. The topic of this design is yearly 0.7 million tons coking workshop. The coal blending ratio is: gas coal 40%,fat coal 10%, 1/3 coking coal 25%, coking coal 10%, hard ash coal 15%. In the coal blending workshop section, the smashing coordination craft is used. Meanwhile, the coal drying process was discussed. As for style of the coke oven, according to the actual situation of our country, WH43K tamping coke oven as the most mature technology is chosed. According to the annual output, the number of the carbonization chamber was determinded as 2×40, and its dischargeable capacity is 23.9m3. In the design, blast furnace coal gas is used to heat up the carbonization chamber and the turning round time is 18h. The process computation is the main content in the design, including material balance, energy balance, the checker chamber, the pressure of coke oven and the height of chimney . As the result of the computation, the height of the checker chamber and the chimney is respectively 3.556m and 80m. In the way of coke quenching, dry coke quenching method is chosed because dry coke quenching method can not only improve the quality of coke but also recovery the heat of the red-hot coke, and wet coke quenching equipment is reserved. In the design, coke is divided into four levels: >40mm, 40 ~ 25mm, 25 ~ 10mm, 10 ~ 0mm, respectively. In addition, the coke oven machinery is carried on with the shaping and the computation.
Key word: Coal blending; Tamping coke oven; Dry coke quenching
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武汉科技大学本科毕业设计
目 录
1 绪论 ......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 煤炭资源 ........................................................................................................... 1 1.2 焦化行业背景 ................................................................................................... 2 1.3 焦化行业发展现状 ........................................................................................... 4 1.4 捣固炼焦简介 ................................................................................................... 4 1.4.1 基本原理 .................................................................................................... 4 1.4.2 捣固炼焦技术优势 ................................................................................................. 4 1.5 设计的意义 ....................................................................................................... 5 1.6 设计的内容 ....................................................................................................... 5 1.7 设计依据和设计原则 ....................................................................................... 5 2 化工技术部分 ......................................................................................................... 6 2.1 原料 ................................................................................................................... 6 2.1.1 原料煤性质与配煤比的选择 ..................................................................... 6 2.1.2 原料煤、蒸汽、水、煤气的年耗量 ......................................................... 8 2.2 产品 ................................................................................................................... 9 2.2.1 焦炭质量估计、全焦及各级焦炭的年产量 ............................................. 9 2.2.2 出炉煤气组成，净煤气年产量 ............................................................... 10 3 备煤工艺概述 ....................................................................................................... 12 3.1 备煤工艺流程的选择 ..................................................................................... 12 3.2 备煤车间的工段组成和平面布置 ................................................................. 13 3.2.1 备煤车间的工段组成 ............................................................................... 13 3.2.2 备煤车间平面布置 ................................................................................... 13 3.3 备煤车间主要设备的选择和计算 ................................................................. 14 4 炼焦车间工艺方案 ............................................................................................... 19 4.1 炼焦生产工艺的选择 ..................................................................................... 19
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武汉科技大学本科毕业设计
4.2 炼焦车间与其他车间的相对布置 ................................................................. 19 4.3 焦炉炉型和炭化室尺寸的对比、论证及选择 ............................................. 19 4.3.1 焦炉炉型的对比 ....................................................................................... 19 4.3.2炉型及炭化室尺寸的选择 ......................................................................... 20 4.4 专业车辆的台数及配置 ................................................................................. 22 4.5 炉组布置，炉间台、炉端台的尺寸及各层空间的利用 ............................... 24 4.5.1 炉组布置 ................................................................................................... 24 4.5.2 炉间台、炉端台的尺寸及各层空间的利用 ........................................... 26 4.6 加热煤气、出炉煤气及辅助管道的布置 ..................................................... 28 4.6.1 加热煤气管道布置 ................................................................................... 28 4.6.2 出炉煤气管道及辅助管道的布置 ........................................................... 29 4.7 烟道与烟囱位置的讨论 ................................................................................. 29 4.8 熄焦设备 ......................................................................................................... 30 4.9 煤塔布置 ......................................................................................................... 31 5 工艺计算 ............................................................................................................... 32 5.1 炭化室的物料衡算 ......................................................................................... 32 5.1.1 物料平衡的入方 ....................................................................................... 32 5.1.2 物料平衡的出方 .................................................................................................... 32 5.1.3 物料平衡表 ............................................................................................................. 36 5.2 焦炉的热量衡算 ........................................................................................................... 37 5.2.1 热平衡收入项计算 ............................................................................................... 37 5.2.2 热量支出各项的计算 ........................................................................................... 39 5.2.3 热平衡表 ................................................................................................................. 44 5.2.4 热效率、热工效率及炼焦耗热量 .................................................................... 45 5.3 焦炉蓄热室的计算 ....................................................................................................... 45 5.3.1 原始数据 ................................................................................................... 46 5.3.2 蓄热室高向温度分布 ............................................................................... 47 5.3.3 格子砖蓄热面及水力直径计算 ............................................................... 47
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武汉科技大学本科毕业设计
5.3.4 蓄热室热平衡 ........................................................................................... 48 5.3.5 热交换系数KP的计算 ............................................................................ 49 5.3.6 格子砖高度的计算 ................................................................................... 53 5.4 炉体水压计算 ................................................................................................. 53 5.4.1 计算公式 ................................................................................................... 53 5.4.2 炉体水压计算 ........................................................................................... 55 5.4.3 加热系统各部位浮力计算 ....................................................................... 64 5.4.4 加热系统各部位压力计算 ....................................................................... 66 5.5 烟囱高度计算 ................................................................................................. 68 5.5.1 计算烟囱高度的基本公式 ....................................................................... 68 5.5.2 烟囱高度计算 ........................................................................................... 68 6 焦炉机械设备及附属设备的选择、计算 ............................................................ 75 6.1 焦炉机械设备、筛分设备、空气压缩机的特性及技术参数 ..................... 75 6.1.1 焦炉机械 ................................................................................................... 75 6.1.2 筛分设备 ................................................................................................... 75 6.2 护炉结构及设备的作用，设备结构形式和规格的确定 ............................. 76 6.3 集气系统及辅助管道的作用，结构形式及集气管径的计算、选择 ......... 79 6.3.1 集气系统及辅助管道的作用及结构形式 ............................................... 79 6.3.2 集气管径的计算及选择 ........................................................................... 81 6.4 加热煤气设备的结构及管径的计算、选择 ................................................. 82 6.4.1 加热煤气设备 ........................................................................................... 82 6.4.2 焦炉煤气加热管径的计算 ....................................................................... 83 6.5 废气设备和交换传动装置的结构形式 ......................................................... 84 6.5.1 交换开闭器 ............................................................................................... 84 6.5.2 烟道调节翻板 ........................................................................................... 85 6.5.3 交换传动装置的结构形式 ....................................................................... 85 7 主要技术操作与生产控制技术 ............................................................................ 87 7.1 推焦串序的决定及本车间的循环推焦表 ..................................................... 87
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