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take in吸收,接纳,欺骗 take on 呈现,雇用 take over 继承,接管,接替
take up 从事,开始,专注于,占去(时间、空间、地位等)
take off (飞机)起飞,脱掉(衣帽/鞋),成名,成功,事业转机,生意起色 Some insects take on the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves. 有些昆虫为了自我保护会随着周围环境改变自身颜色。 14.turn 相关短语 turn down拒绝;调低 turn in 上交
turn out 结果是,证明是 turn over 移交,交给 turn up 出现;调高 turn off 关掉 turn on 打开 turn away 走开 turn to 求助于;翻到
—You look upset.What’s the matter? —I had my proposal turned down again. ——你看上去很伤心,怎么了? ——我的建议再次被拒绝了。
介词和介词短语辨析
1.Bob thought he couldn’t go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went ________.(2018·天津高考) A.at first C.above all
B.after all D.at random
答案 B [句意:鲍勃觉得自己不能参加这个派对,因为他要写一份报告,但是最终他还是去了。根据句意,这里用after all表示“终究”。at first“起初”;above
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all“最重要的是”;at random“随便地”。] 2.—Good morning, Mr.Lee’s office.
—Good morning.I’d like to make an appointment ________ next Wednesday afternoon.(2018·北京高考) A.for C.in
B.on D.at
答案 A [——早上好,李先生的办公室。——早上好。我想预约下星期三下午。根据语境可知,此处用介词for表示“安排或预约于(某时间)”。]
3.Many people who live along the coast make a living ________ the fishing industry.(2017·北京高考) A.at C.on
B.in D.by
答案 B [句意:沿海地区的许多人靠渔业为生。根据句意可知,空格处用in表示“在……方面”。]
4.When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California,you will be________trees that are over 1,000 years old.(2017·天津高考) A.among C.behind
B.against D.below
答案 A [句意:当你开车穿行于加利福尼亚州的红杉林时,你就会置身在那些树龄超过1 000年的树木之间。这里用介词among表示“在……当中”,与前面的“through the Redwood Forests”呼应。]
5.We offer an excellent education to our students.________,we expect students to work hard.(2017·天津高考) A.On average C.In return
B.At best D.After all
答案 C [句意:我们给我们的学生提供优质的教育,作为回报,我们期待学生能努力学习。根据句意,这里用介词短语in return表示“作为回报”。on average “平均”;at best “充其量,至多”;after all “终究,毕竟”。] 【名师点睛】
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介词和介词短语也是高考的一个必考点,每年都保持在一至两个题目,命题形式除了单项填空外还在完形填空中进行考查,其考点主要涉及常用介词的用法区别,介词与动词、名词、形容词等的常见搭配,介词在特定语境中的选用和介词短语的用法等。掌握介词必须要立足基本用法,广泛记忆,细心体会比较。其考点主要包括:
1.考查常用介词和介词短语的基本用法。从历年全国及各省市高考题中可看出,介词类考题常集中于一些常用介词,如at,in,for,from,to,of,on,with,until,about,by,since,as,around等。
2.考查常用介词或介词短语含义和用法的辨识能力。尤其是在一定的语言环境中,辨析意义相同或相近以及使用范围不同的介词或介词短语。
3.考查介词与某些名词、形容词或动词的各种搭配形式。特别是那些搭配繁多、用法灵活的介词,不同的搭配可用来表示种种不同的意义。
1.There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it some________and then let me know.(安徽高考) A.thought C.protection
B.support D.authority
答案 A [句意:现在没有必要告诉我你的答案。思考一下,然后让我知道。 thought思想,思考;support支持,维持,支援,供养;protection保护,防卫;authority权威,权力,当局。]
2.Studies have shown that the right and left ear ________ sound differently.(浙江高考) A.produce C.process
B.pronounce D.download
答案 C [句意:研究表明左右耳处理声音的方式不同。process加工,处理,符合语境。produce生产,制作,创作;pronounce发音;download下载。] 3.She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful ________ in last year’s election.(江苏高考)
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A.symbol C.identity
B.portrait D.statue
答案 A [句意:虽然她在两年前就已遭软禁,但她在去年的选举中仍然是有影响力的代表人物。symbol “代表,代表性的人(物)”,符合句意。portrait “肖像”;identity “身份;个性”;statue “塑像”。]
4.The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and ________ review of the case.(江苏高考) A.comprehensive C.conscious
B.complicated D.crucial
答案 A [句意:警官决定对该案件进行一次细致、详尽的审查。comprehensive “详尽的,综合性的”;complicated “复杂的,难懂的”;conscious “慎重的,刻意的”;crucial “关键的,至关重要的”。根据and判断,所填词和thorough(彻底的,细致的)意思相近,故选A项。]
5.Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to ________ to their greatest potential.(江苏高考) A.accelerate C.perform
B.improve D.develop
答案 D [句意:学校应该是充满活力的地方,在这里人人都会被鼓励去开发他们最大的潜力。accelerate “加速”;improve “改进”;perform “表现”;develop “开发,培养”。]
6.The university started some new language programs to ________ the country’s Silk Road Economic Belt.(江苏高考) A.apply to C.appeal to
B.cater for D.hunt for
答案 B [句意:这所大学为了满足国家的“丝绸之路经济带”战略,开设了一些新的语言项目。apply to “向……申请”;cater for “迎合,满足”;appeal to “吸引,呼吁”;hunt for “寻找”。started some new language programs的目的是“满足(cater for)”the country’s Silk Road Economic Belt,故选B项。] 7.The whole team ________ Cristiano Ronaldo,and he seldom lets them down.(江苏
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高考) A.wait on C.count on
B.focus on D.call on
答案 C [句意:整个球队都指望克里斯蒂亚诺·罗纳尔多(C罗),而他也很少让他们失望。wait on “等待”;focus on “全神贯注于”;count on “指望,依靠”;call on “号召,拜访”。根据he seldom lets them down(他很少让他们失望)判断,整个球队都指望(count on)C罗,故选C项。]
8.Top graduates from universities are ________ by major companies.(江苏高考) A.chased C.offered
B.registered D.compensated
答案 A [句意:大学毕业的尖子生是大公司争夺的对象。chase “努力获得,争取得到”,符合句意。register “注册”;offer “主动提出;提供”;compensate “补偿”。]
9.Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around ________ Thomas Edison.(江苏高考) A.thanks to C.aside from
B.regardless of D.but for
答案 D [句意:要不是托马斯·爱迪生,我们现在从中受益的很多东西就不会存在。由would可以看出本句用了虚拟语气,在所给选项中只有but for可以引出含蓄虚拟条件,故选D项。thanks to “由于”;regardless of “不管”;aside from “除了……之外”;but for “要不是”。]
10.Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does push-ups too to stay ________.(江苏高考) A.in place C.in shape
B.in order D.in fashion
答案 C [in shape “健康;状况良好”,符合题意。in place “在正确的位置”;in order “有序,有条理”;in fashion “流行”。]
11.—Dad,I don’t think Oliver the right sort of person for the job. —I see.I’ll go right away and ________.(江苏高考) A.pay him back
B.pay him off