times are often used to finish the day‘s work. This type of schedute is far too demanding for long missions on the Internaitional Space Sttation（ISS）. ISS crewmembers usually live in space for at least a quarter of a year. They work five days on and two days off to mimic the normal way they do things on Earth as much as possible. Weekends give the crew valuable. Weekends give the crew valuable time to rest and do a few hours of housework. They can communicate with family and friends by email, isternet phone and throhgh Private video conferenes. While astronauts cannot go to a baseball game or a movie in orbit, there are many familiar activetics that they can still enjoy. Before a mission. The family and friends of each ISS crewmember put together a collection of family photos, messages, videos and reading material for
The astromauts to look at when they will be floating 370 kilometers above the Earth. During their missiom, the crew also receives care packages with CDs, books, magazines, photos and letters . And as from early 2010, the internet became available on the ISS , giving astronaouts the chance to do some ―web surfing （冲浪）‖in their personal time. Besides relaxing with these more commom entertainments, astromauts can simply enjoy the experience of living in space.
Many astronauts say that one of the most relaxing things to do in space is to look out the window and stare at the universe and the Earth‘s vast land mass and oceans.
63. The passage mainly discusses how astronauts . （2012辽宁卷阅读B篇） A. work for longer missions in space B. connect with people on the Earth C. observe the Earth from space D. spend their free time in space 词汇13大解题思路使您茅塞顿开！本题仅用代入法就解决了问题！ Astronauts on shorter shuttle missions（使命）often work very long days. Tasks are scheduled so tightly that break times are often used to finish the day‘s work. This type of schedute is far too demanding for long missions on the Internaitional Space Sttation（ISS）. ISS crewmembers usually live in space for at least a quarter of a year. They work five days on and two days off to mimic the normal way they do things on Earth as much as possible. Weekends give the crew valuable. Weekends give the crew valuable time to rest and do a few hours of housework.
60. What does the word ―minic‖in Paragraph 1 probably mean?（2012辽宁卷阅读B篇） A. Find B. Copy C. Change D. Lose
找到minic这个动词的宾语way，way they do things做事的方式，Find 发现？；Copy 模仿？Change 改变？Lose 失去？way they do things做事的方式，当然是模仿做事的方式喽！
A大于B，则选A。
In the past two decades, the Chinese studies programs have gained huge popularity in Western universities. More recently, the Chinese government has set up Confucius Institutes in more than 80 countries. These schools teach both Chinese language and culture. The main courses of Chinese culture usually included Chinese art, history and philosophy（哲学）. Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantages of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks of Westerners philosophy. Students in the United States, at the same time, are racing to learn Chinese. So they will be ready for life in a world where China is an equal power with the United States. Businessmen who hope to make money in China are reading books about Confucius to understand their Chinese customers.
65. We can learn from Paragraph 4 that American students______。（2012辽宁卷阅读C篇）
A. have a great interest in studying Chinese B. take an active part in Chinese competitions C. try to get high scores in Chinese exams D. fight for a chance to learn Chinese 65题根据题干关键字American students文章定位，就近原则参考点为racing to learn Chinese. 有些同学在A和D之间纠结。如果确实区分有困难的话，可以根据―A大于D，则选A。‖原则，则选A。
矩阵法则解题:出题点;与中心词沾边;答案特征;答题步骤;核对规则.
69. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? （2012辽宁卷阅读D篇）
A.The customers who cannot pay can word as volunteers instead. B.More volunteers will go to new Orleans for the hurricane cleanup.
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C.Many new cafes will be opened to offer free lunches in the town. D.The lunch menu has remained the same since the café was started.
69题出题点在尾句,更有出题信号词instead ;选项中A是前后矛盾的句子,符合答案特征; 选项A中含有的volunteers是文章反复出现的中心词,所以答案就可以选A了.
问题一 ： 所谓就近原则，同义替换是不是也是要求学生最好把定位句就近句看懂再做选择，如果实在看不懂才另找办法？
问题二：有些题目如果只按照划的关键词的模样去找的话有时候很难找到，有候甚至是不能定位的，要提高准确率最好的程序是不是 学生看每段首尾句，获取文章中心以后，再边读文章边做题，可以不用每句都细看，但是如果读到和所画关键词有关联的时候就可以放慢速度，这样的方法准确率才高呢？
答:定位准是第一步,可用出题题干多词定位法,一个词不行,得2-3个词以上才能定位的准,因为每个词代表不同的方向;然后找最近的名词或同义替换的短句,都没有则可能在最近的出题点上; 或马上与文章中心沾边或与段落中心沾边(段首尾句或反复出现的名词)沾边; 也可从选项的高频答案特征入手或从共同含有相同名词的选项入手,在选项中划名词回到文章中去核对!当然找到信息核对点时一定要放慢速度,核对选项时也一定要仔细,找到选项的相同点和不同点到文章中去核对,尤其是要核对名词,其次是动词,再次才是形副,注意是不是同义替换,看不出来的,可以用排除法,看哪项与信息点冲突或不同,排除,则答案才能水落石出!
People diet to look more attractive.Fish diet to avoid being beaten up，thrown out of their social group，and getting eaten as a result.That is the fascinating conclusion of the latest research into fish behavior by a team of Australian scientists.
The research team have discovered that subordinate fish voluntarily diet to avoid challenging their larger competitors.―In studying gobies we noticed that only the largest two individuals，a male and female，had breeding(繁殖) rights within the group，‖explains Marian Wong.―All other group members are nonbreeding females，each being 510% smaller than its next largest competitor.We wanted to find out how they maintain this precise size separation.‖ The reason for the size difference was easy to see.Once a subordinate fish grows to within 510% of the size of its larger competitor，it causes a fight 负的which usually
ends in the smaller goby being driven away from the group.More often than not，the_evicted_fish is then eaten up. It appeared that the smaller fish were keeping themselves small in order to avoid challenging the boss fish.Whether they did so voluntarily，by restraining how much they ate，was not clear.The research team decided to do an experiment.They tried to fatten up some of the subordinate gobies to see what happened.To their surprise结论，the gobies simply refused the extra food they were offered，clearly preferring to remain small and avoid fights，over having a feast. The discovery challenges the traditional scientific view of how boss individuals keep their position in a group.Previously it was thought that large individuals simply used their weight and size to threaten their subordinates and take more of the food for themselves，so keeping their competitors small.
While the habits of gobies may seem a little mysterious，Dr.Wong explains that understanding the relationships between boss and subordinate animals is important to understanding how hierarchical(等级的) societies remain stable.
The research has proved the fact that voluntary dieting is a habit far from exclusive to humans.―As yet，we lack a complete understanding of how widespread the voluntary reduction of food intake is in nature，‖the researchers comment.―Data on human dieting suggests that，while humans generally diet to improve health or increase attractiveness，rarely does it improve longterm health and males regularly prefer females that are fatter than the females' own ideal.‖
65．When a goby grows to within 510% of the size of its larger competitor，it ______.
此题按照思路容易定位到第一个510%，那段，然后发现有中文标识，就容易选 B ，而没有注意到下
一段也有出题点的话，容易错选怎么办?
定位词要划全了,最起码要划不同的名词和动词,定位就准了. A．faces danger负的 B．has breeding rights C．eats its competitor D．leaves the group itself 67．The experiment showed that the smaller fish ______. A．fought over a feast B．went on diet willingly = refused the extra food C．preferred some extra food D．challenged the boss fish A B Andrew Ritchie，inventor of the Brompton folding bicycle，once said that the perfect portable bike would be ―like
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a magic carpet...You could fold it up and put it into your pocket or handbag‖．Then he paused：―But you'll always be limited by the size of the wheels.And so far no one has invented a folding wheel.‖
It was a rare—indeed unique—occasion when I was able to put Ritchie right.A 19thcentury inventor，William Henry James Grout，did in fact design a folding wheel.His bike，predictably named the Grout Portable，had a frame that split into two and a larger wheel that could be separated into four pieces.All the bits fitted into Grout's Wonderful Bag，a leather case. Grout's aim：to solve the problems of carrying a bike on a train.Now doesn't that sound familiar？Grout intended to find a way of making a bike small enough for train travel：his bike was a huge beast.And importantly，the design of early bicycles gave him an advantage：in Grout's day，tyres were solid，which made the business of splitting a wheel into four separate parts relatively simple.You couldn't do the same with a wheel fitted with a onepiece inflated(充气的) tyre.
So，in a 21stcentury context，is the idea of the folding wheel dead？It is not.A British design engineer，Duncan Fitzsimons，has developed a wheel that can be squashed into something like a slender ellipse(椭圆)．Throughout，the tyre remains inflated.
Will the young Fitzsimons's folding wheel make it into production？I haven't the foggiest idea.But his inventiveness shows two things.First，people have been saying for more than a century that bike design has reached its limit，except for gradual advances.It's as silly a concept now as it was 100 years ago：there's plenty still to go for.Second，it it in the field of folding bikes that we are seeing the most interesting inventions.You can buy a folding bike for less than ￡1000 that can be knocked down so small that it can be carried on a plane—minus wheels，of course—as hand baggage.
Folding wheels would make all manner of things possible.Have we yet got the magic carpet of Andrew Ritchie's imagination？No.But it's progress.
69．We can infer from Paragraph 1 that the Brompton folding bike ______. A．was portable B．had a folding wheel
C．could be put in a pocket D．looked like a magic carpet 对比But句可排除B和B,就近原则,可选A,D多了动词looked 70．We can learn from the text that the wheels of the Grout Portable ______. 难定位
A．were difficult to separate B．could be split into 6 pieces C．were fitted with solid tyres D．were hard to carry on a train 一般爱考首尾句,转折句和有结论的句子,从ABD中划关键字separate, pieces, train, 核对原文后都可排
除,选C.
71．We can learn from the text that Fitzsimons's invention ______. 难定位
A．kept the tyre as a whole piece B．was made into production soon C．left little room for improvement D．changed our views on bag design 跟文章中心folding wheel沾边! A C A When women sit together to watch a movie on TV，they usually talk simultaneously(同时地)about a variety of subjects，including children，men，careers and what's happening in their lives.When groups of men and women watch a movie together，the men usually end up telling the women to shut up.Men can either talk or watch the screen—they can' t do both—and they don' t understand that women can.Besides，women consider that the point of all getting together is to have a good time and develop relationships—not just to sit there like couch potatoes staring at the screen. During the ad breaks，a man often asks a woman to explain the plot and tell him where the relationship between the characters is going.He is unable，unlike women，to read the subtle body language signals that reveal how the characters are feeling emotionally.Since women originally spent their days with the other women and children in the group，they developed the ability to communicate successfully in order to maintain relationships.For a woman，speech continues to have such a clear purpose：to build relationships and make friends.For men，to talk is to relate the facts.
Men see the telephone as a communication tool for sending facts and information to other people，but a woman sees it as a means of bonding.A woman can spend two weeks on vacation with her girlfriend and，when she returns home，telephone the same girlfriend and talk for another two hours. There is no convincing evidence that social conditioning，the fact that girls' mothers talked to them more，is the reason why girls talk more than boys.Psychiatrist Dr Michael Lewis，author of Social Behaviour and Language Acquisition，conducted experiments that found mothers talked to，and looked at，baby girls more often than baby boys.Scientific evidence shows parents respond to the brain bias of their children.Since a girl's brain is better organized to send and receive speech，we therefore talk to them more.Consequently，mothers who try to talk to their sons are
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usually disappointed to receive only short grunts in reply. 56．While watching TV with others，women usually talk a lot because they______
A．are afraid of awkward silence with their families and friends B．can both talk and watch the screen at the same time C．think they can have a good time and develop relationships D．have to explain the plot and body language to their husbands 57．After a vacation with her girlfriend，a woman would talk to her again on the phone for hours in order to A．experience the happy time again B．keep a close tie with her
C．recommend her a new scenic spot D．remind her of something forgotten 58．What does the author want to tell us most? D 怎么排除
A．Women's brains are better organized for language and communication. B．Women love to talk because they are more sociable than men. C．Men do not like talking because they rely more on facts. 绝对的不是
D．Social conditioning is not the reason why women love talking. 绝对的不是 被动的是解,含有中心词Women和communication的是解,选A C B A
Many people write to newspapers and magazines to express their opinions.Letters to the editor must carry the writer's full name，address and telephone number，although the information is not necessary for publication.This requirement to provide personal particulars is a clear indication that writers are held responsible for what they say.When a writer wants his voice heard，he needs to claim ownership of his voice.Responsibility is the name of the game. ―People today prefer living together to putting their signatures on a marriage certificate because they refuse to accept responsibility for the relationship，‖ said social worker Ken Yip，―and this is what is causing a lot of family problems.‖ When we sign a paper，for example，a business contract or a bank document，the signature is a seal of consent，an agreement to take the matter seriously.Most governments and many organisations will not process written complaints if they do not bear the writer's signature.The absence of a signature，they explain，tells us that the writer cannot be too serious and therefore does not deserve a reply. 就近原则中因果是考点 There are people who wish to remain anonymous(匿名的)for various reasons.Multibillionaire Mr King donates generously to charity several times a year.He gives simply because he wants to help but not for the publicity his donations may bring，and he does not want his good deeds to make news.In other cases，people insist on anonymity because they are afraid of the consequences of revealing their identity.Crime witnesses may be willing to assist the police，but most are unwilling to give their names when reporting a crime. Name or no name？The answer is very personal and lies in how much we want to get involved.We all have a name.It is a matter of responsibility to use it when we make a statement，a claim or an accusation.We all want to honour our own name，and it is only by stamping our expression of an opinion with our own name that we honour what we say.
68．What does the writer mean by saying ―Responsibility is the name of the game‖？
A．Writers need to provide their personal information in the game. B．Publications must bear the writer's full name，address and phone number. C．Writers should be responsible for their names. 绝对的不是解! D．Names are required to indicate writers' responsibility for what they say.被动的是解!voice 69．The second paragraph suggests that a paper without a signature may_____. 这题是不是按照细节题的做法，我当时错选了 D A．help to end a relationship B．not get a reply
C．be accepted all the same D．become a family problem 就近原则中因果therefore是考点,发现B与其后句子是同义替换! 70．Some people don't want their names known because they are______. 怎么定位，怎么在 A 与 C之间 排除
A．hesitant to make a donation B．unwilling to draw public attention C．afraid of an accusation D．ready for involvement
定位点 anonymous(匿名的), but附近发现都是负的,A和D是正的,排除;B和C对比后,发现C在
原
文出题点中没有,故选B.同时B是第一个but后句的同义替换! D B B
Having a husband means an extra seven hours of housework each week for women，according to a new study.For men，getting married saves an hour of housework a week.―It's a wellknown_pattern，‖said lead researcher Frank Stafford at University of Michigan's Institute for Social Research.―Men usually work more outside the home，while
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women take on more of the housework.‖
He points out that differences among households(家庭)exist.But in general，marriage means more housework for women and less for men.―And the situation gets worse for women when they have children，‖Stafford said. Overall，times are changing in the American home.In 1976，women busied themselves with 26 weekly hours of sweepinganddusting work，compared with 17 hours in 2005.Men are taking on more housework，more than doubling their housework hours from six in 1976 to 13 in 2005.
Single women in their 20s and 30s did the least housework，about 12 weekly hours，while married women in their 60s and 70s did the most—about 21 hours a week.
Men showed a somewhat different pattern，with older men picking up the broom more often than younger men.Single men worked the hardest around the house，more than that of all other age groups of married men. Having children increases housework even further.With more than three children，for example，wives took on more of the extra work，clocking about 28 hours a week compared with husbands' 10 hours.
45．According to the ―wellknown pattern‖in Paragraph 1，a married man______.
A．takes on heavier work B．does more housework C．is the main breadwinner D．is the master of the house 47．What kind of man is doing most housework according to the text? A．An unmarried man.= Single B．An older married man. C．A younger married man. D．A married man with children. 48．What can we conclude from Stafford's research?
这题按照推论题，容易在最后一段找答案，就很容易会选 D ，有时候一时间也肯不出 D 有什么问题，怎么排除干扰。
A．Marriage gives men more freedom. B．Marriage has effects on job choices. C．Housework sharing changes over time. D．Having children means doubled housework. 首先要定位,找到出题点,D与But句信息点无关. C A C
GUATEMALA CITY(Reuters)—A fish that lives in mangrove swamps(红树沼泽)across the Americas can live out of water for months at a time，similar to how animals adapted(适应)to land millions of years ago，a new study shows.
The Mangrove Rivulus，a type of small killifish，lives in small pools of water in a certain type of empty nut or even old beer cans in the mangrove swamps of Belize，the United States and Brazil.When their living place dries up，they live on the land in logs(圆木)，said Scott Taylor，a researcher at the Brevard Endangered Lands Program in Florida.
The fish，whose scientific name is Rivulus marmoratus，can grow as large as three inches.They group together in loges and breathe air through their skin until they can find water again. The new scientific discovery came after a trip to Belize. ―We kicked over a log and the fish just came crowding out，‖Taylor told Reuters in neighboring Guatemala by telephone.He said he will make his study on the fish known to the public in an American magazine early next year. In lab tests，Taylor said he found the fish can live up to 66 days out of water without eating. Some other fish can live out of water for a short period of time.The walking catfish found in Southeast Asia can stay on land for hours at a time，while lungfish found in Australia，Africa and South America can live out of water，but only in an inactive state.But no other known fish can be out of water as long as the Mangrove Rivulus and remain active，according to Patricia Wright，a biologist at Canada's University of Guelph.
Further studies of the fish may tell how animals changed over time.
―These animals live in conditions similar to those that existed millions of years ago，when animals began making the transition(过渡) from water onto land，‖Wright said.
49．The Mangrove Rivulus is a type of fish that______.
A．likes eating nuts B．prefers living in dry places
C．is the longest living fish on earth D．can stay alive for two months out of water 50．Who will write up a report on Mangrove Rivulus? 很难定位吗，怎么做
A．Patricia Wright. B．Researchers in Guatemala. C．Scientists from Belize. D．Scott Taylor. 51．According to the text，lungfish can______.
A．breathe through its skin B．move freely on dry land
C．remain alive out of water D．be as active on land as in water 52．What can we say about the discovery of Mangrove Rivulus?
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