答案与解析：考查学生理解图表和结合文字叙述摄取有关信息的做题能力。此题首先要清楚A、B、C、D、E所代表的国家或地区。从―The value of Japanese investment in manufacturing was roughly the same in Hong Kong and in the mainland of China, ‖可以知道A、E代表香港和中国大陆，从后一句―but in commerce and services Hong Kong was over China by seventy billion.‖可以进一步确定A代表香港，E代表中国大陆。从―In resources development, Japan didn‘t show interest in Singapore and even smaller attention was paid to Taiwan, which received exactly one third as much money as Singapore.‖可以知道C是新加坡，B是台湾，D无疑就是印度尼西亚了，从最后一句―In total, the biggest investment by Japan was made in Indonesia‖也可得到印证。确定了这五个国家和地区，问题就迎刃而解了。答案：1-5 DDAAC
7．代词指代题解题技能
代词指代题要求考生一定的上下文推测代词的指代意义。此类题一般是在人物或事物关系比较复杂的情况下使用的一种题型，所以理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。
例题1：（全国卷C篇） …
The theory is supported by the facts that, so far, none of the stolen cars have been returned. Also, the amount of money demanded-under 3,000 Taiwanese dollars –seems too little for a car worth many times more.
Demands for pigeon-delivered money stopped as soon as the press reported the story. And even if they start again, Chen holds little hope of catching the criminal. ―We have more important things to do, ‖ he said. 52. The underlined word ―they‖ in the last paragraph refers to .
A. criminals B. pigeons C. the stolen cars D. demands for money
答案与解析：选D。从文中最后一段可知，they 应当对应该段前面的―Demands for pigeon-delivered money‖。该部分大意为―媒体一报道这些事件之后，发案率有所下降。即使demands for money的势头有所上升，陈表明，捉住罪犯也没什么希望，因为他们（警察）有更重要的事要做。‖。
例题2：（全国高考—天津卷E篇） …
Many creative thinkers state that they have completely devoted themselves to the subject matter of the problem, often over fairly long periods of time. Indeed, it would be strange if they had not done this. Nothing in such statements supports the idea that there is anything very different about the problem solving that leads to discoveries of the great contributions to the society. The act of discovery, even in the relatively predictable (可以预见的) sense that it occurs in everyday learning, involves (涉及) a ―sudden insight‖ which changes the problem situation into a solution situation. As we have seen, everyday discovery also requires that the learner have the knowledge of the rules gained in the past, which is involved in the solution.
54. What does the underlined word ―this‖ refer to? A. Great contributions to the society B. Long-time study of the subject matter. C. Various statements about problem solving. D. Complete devotion to artistic creation.
答案与解析：选B。这里的this指代前面的内容，从本段的第一句可以看出，其指代的是Long-time study of the subject matter。
II. 技能揭秘之二: 推理判断题解题技能
这类题主要考查学生根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意等。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题。做这类题时，考生应在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。
提问整篇文章或某句某段的含蓄意思时，问句中都含有infer, imply, indicate, suggest (推断，暗指)等词。对付这类题时我们不仅要弄懂文章字面的意思，更重要的是要知道文章潜在的含义，和作者所给的提示。同时要对文章的含义和作者的暗示作合理的猜测和推论。关键是：意思要靠推断得出，而不是原文照搬。这就要把握住文章
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的主题思想和每段的内容；明确作者的观点及其写作该文的目的；分析文章里所给的有关信息；注意词汇在词典的定义和词典以外的含义；最后运用自己的知识进行由表及里的逻辑推理，挖出文章的伏笔，得出正确的推论。 这种问题的提问方式通常有：
(1) From paragraph 4 we can infer that . / What can be inferred from the passage? / From the last paragraph we can infer that . (2) We can infer from the text that…/ What can we learn from…? / We can conclude from the passage that…
(3) The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that . (4) The author implies that by the year 2080, .
(5) To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should .
(6) The author mentions the fact that…to show . (7) This passage would most likely be found in _________? (8) The author‘s attitude toward …is _________?
(9) The tone of the passage can best be described as _________? 这些提问方式的答案一般在短文中不可能直接找到，必须根据提问中的某些关键字眼与短文中相应的有关内容加以逻辑推理或演算，从而得出某些作者并未说明却已在字里行间所暗含的意思及观点。具体的说，考生应当注意以下几点：
c) 首先要注意一定要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知，推断未知，遵循“词不离句，句不离段，段不离篇”的原则。千万不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。
a) 要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础。有的推断，考生完全可以根据文章中所阐述的细节，再结合自己所掌握的基础知识、有关背景知识或常识来帮助进行分析、推敲，从而得出符合文章原意的结论。
b) 要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表及里，由浅入深，从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般，通过分析、综合、判断等，进行深层处理，合乎逻辑地推理。不能就事论事，断章取义，以偏概全。
d) 要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构，同时还要体会文章的基调，揣摩作者的态度，摸准逻辑发展方向，悟出作者的言外之意。
e) 在解答推理性问题时，一定要注意确定推理依据的位置或范围。应清楚所要解答的问题需要针对某个细节进行推断，还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行推断。针对细节的推断可运用scanning的方法，迅速在材料中确定推理依据的位置或范围，然后再进行推理判断。针对主题思想作推断时，则常常要纵览全篇文章。
以下介绍几种常见的推理判断题型： 1．细节推断题
要求考生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件、具体信息等。考生要从文章本身所提供的信息出发，抓住关键的信息词，运用逻辑思维，并借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。
例题：(2008年全国卷I、II B篇)
MONTREAL (Reuters) – Crossing the US-Canada border(边界) to go to church on a Sunday cost a US citizen $ 10,000 for breaking Washington‘s strict new security(安全) rules.
The expensive trip to church was a surprise for Richard Albert, who lives right on the Canadian border. Like the other half-dozen people of Township 15, crossing the border is a daily occurrence for Albert. The nearby Quebec village of St. Pamphile is where they shop, eat and go to church.
…
59. We learn from the text that Richard Albert is _______. A. an American living in Township 15 B. a Canadian living in a Quebec village C. a Canadian working in a customs station D. an American working in a Canadian church
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答案与解析：选A。根据第一段中的cost a US citizen $ 10,000可以推断出Richard Albert是美国人，working in a Canadian church与第二段后两句事实不符。
2．因果推断题
要求考生根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因或根据已有的原因推断可能的结果。考生要准确掌握文章的内涵，理解文章的真正含义。最关键的是要找准事物间存在的因果关系信息，根据已有信息，进行分析判断推理，从而推出最符合逻辑的原因或判断出最可能导致的结果。
例题1：(2008年全国卷I、II B篇) 60. Albert was fined because he ________ A. failed to obey traffic rules.
B. broke the American security rules.
C. worked in St. Pamphile without a pass. D. damaged the gate of the customs office. 答案与解析：选B。从第一段得知Albert被海关罚了$10,000是因为breaking Washington‘s strict new security(安全) rules。
例题2：（全国高考—福建卷A篇）
Paul Zindel‘s death on March 27,2003 ended the brilliant life of a famous writer.
Not only did Paul Zindel win a Pulitzer Prize as well as an Obie Prize for his 1970 play The Effect of Gamma Rays on Man-in-the-Moon Marigolds, but be was one of the earliest writers in the field of contemporary（当代的） literature for young adults（成人）. The Pigman, published in 1968, is still one of the most well-known and widely-taught novels in the genre. The American Library Association has named it one of the 100 Best of the Best Books for Young Adults published between 1967 and 1992, and Zindel‘s autobiography, The Pigman and Me, was among the 100 Best of the Best Books published for teenagers during the last part of the twentieth century. Six of Zindel‘s books, in fact, have been voted the Best Books for Young Adults, and most of his recent horror books-such as The Doom Stone and Rats-have been chosen as Quick Picks for Reluctant Young Adult Readers. Clearly, he was a writer who knew how to interest contemporary children. Recognizing that, the American Library Association in 2002 honored Paul Zindel with the Margaret A. Edwards Prize for his lifetime achievements, and later that same year he was presented with the ALAN Prize for his contributions to Young Adult Literature. With his passing, young readers, teachers, and librarians have lost a great friend.
57. Why was Paul Zindel honored with the Margaret A. Edwards Prize? A. His books were widely read by children.
B. His books were interesting and helpful to adults.
C. He made great contributions to contemporary literature. D. He wrote a number of horror books for young adults.
答案与解析：选C。从第二段第一句中的后半句…but be was one of the earliest writers in the field of contemporary（当代的） literature for young adults（成人）及倒数第二句前半句Recognizing that, the American Library Association in 2002 honored Paul Zindel with the Margaret A. Edwards Prize for his lifetime achievements,可知Paul Zindel是当代文学领域中最早期的作家之一,2002年美国文学协会授予他Margaret A. Edwards Prize以表彰他毕生的成就。综合两部分考虑，可知选项C正确。从倒数第二句后半句and later that same year he was presented with the ALAN Prize for his contributions to Young Adult Literature.排除选项D。
3．人物性格、心情处境、态度及观点等推断题
高考阅读测试中有些题目考查学生对文章作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作用或文中人物的态度、观点等方面的理解。做这一类题时一定注意：
（1）由表及里地准确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点。
（2）特别注意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情，态度观点的词语。要特别注意作者在文章中的措辞，尤其是感情色彩的形容词。
（3）能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。
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例题1：（全国高考—安徽卷E篇）
Parents should stop blaming themselves because there‘s not a lot they can do about it. I mean the teenager (十几岁的孩子) problem. Whatever you do or however you choose to deal with it, at certain times a wonderful, reasonable and helpful child will turn into a terrible animal.
I‘ve seen friends deal with it in all kinds of different ways. One strict mother insisted that her son, right from a child, should stand up whenever anyone entered the room, open doors and shake hands like a gentleman. I saw him last week when I called round. Sprawling himself (懒散地躺) on the sofa in full length, he made no attempt to turn off the loud TV he was watching as I walked in, and his greeting was no more than a quick glance at me. His mother was ashamed. ―I don‘t know what to do with him these days,‖ she said. ―He‘s forgotten all the manners we taught him.‖
He hasn‘t forgotten them. He‘ s just decided that he‘ s not going to use them. She confessed (坦白) that she would like to come up behind him and throw him down from the sofa onto the floor.
Another good friend of mine let her two daughters climb all over the furniture, reach across the table, stare at me and say, ―I don‘t like your dress; it‘s ugly.‖ One of the daughters has recently been driven out of school. The other has left home.
―Where did we go wrong?‖ her parents are now very sad. Probably nowhere much. At least, no more than the rest of that unfortunate race, parents.
73. The boy on the sofa would most probably be described as ______. A. lazy B. quiet G. unusual D. rude
74. From the second example we can infer that the parents of the two daughters ______. A. pay no attention to them B. are too busy to look after them
C. have come to hate them D. feel helpless to do much about them 75. What is the author‘s opinion about the sudden change in teenage children? A. Parents have no choice but to try to accept it.
B. Parents should pay still sore attention to the change. C. Parents should work more closely with school teachers. D. Parents are at fault for the change in their children. 答案与解析：73. 选D。 此题属于―人物性格推断题‖。从文中第二段―One strict mother insisted that her son, right from a child, should stand up whenever anyone entered the room, open doors and shake hands like a gentleman.‖以及其后的细节描述和该段最后一句话―He‘s forgotten all the manners we taught him.‖可以看出：一位严厉的母亲想把她的孩子培养成绅士，但是她的孩子后来对客人的表现却是很不礼貌。
74. 选D。此题属于―人物心情处境推断题‖。最后一段，―?Where did we go wrong?‘ her parents are now very sad.‖一句可推测这两位父母对他们学坏的女儿无可奈何，因此正确答案为D。
75. 选A。此题属于―态度及观点推断题‖，文中第一句话―Parents should stop blaming themselves because there‘s not a lot they can do about it.‖就表明了作者的观点，父母不应当总是为此事而责怪自己。应当采取措施面对这个事情。然后最后又用了―Probably nowhere much. At least, no more than the rest of that unfortunate race, parents.‖做总结，表明父母们不得不接受这个不好的事实。
例题2：（全国高考—北京卷C篇）
How could we possibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments－mostly for entertainment purposes－is fair and respectful?
…
The animals are kept together in small spaces, with no privacy and little opportunity for mental and physical exercise. This results in unusual and self-destructive behavior called zoochosis. A worldwide study of zoos found that zoochosis is common among animals kept in small spaces or cages. Another study showed that elephants spend 22 percent of their time making repeated head movements or biting cage bars, and bears spend 30 percent of their time walking back and forth, a sign of unhappiness and pain. 24
…
64. How would the author describe the animals‘ life in zoos? A. Dangerous. B. Unhappy. C. Natural. D. Easy.
答案与解析：64. 选B。此题属于―态度及观点推断题‖，由本段中的第一句话keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments，以及后文当中的The animals are kept together in small spaces, 和 a sign of unhappiness and pain. 可以推断出作者认为动物园中的动物的生活不幸福。
4．篇章结构推断题
根据不同文章的内容和写作目的，作者会采取记叙、描写、议论、说明或应用文体。作者也会采用叙述、例证、比较对照等不同的组织结构。不同文体的阅读难度、要求和任务不同，阅读方法也应不同。增强对篇章结构的理解能力有助于提高阅读质量。
例题1：（全国高考—湖北卷A篇）
Have you ever wondered why birds sing? Maybe you thought that they were just happy. After all, you probably sing or whistle when you are happy.
Some scientists believe that birds do sing some of the time just because they are happy. However, they sing most of the time for a very different reason. Their singing is actually a warning to other birds to stay out of their territory. …
59. How does the writer explain birds‘ singing? A. By comparing birds with human beings. B. By reporting experiment results. C. By describing birds‘ daily life. D. By telling a bird‘s story.
答案与解析：由文章第一、二两段可知作者是把鸟儿和人类进行对比。 例题2：（2008年全国高考—浙江卷C篇）
In the course of working my way through school, I took many jobs I would rather forget. But none of these jobs was as dreadful as my job in an apple plant. The work was hard; the pay was poor; and, most of all, the working conditions were terrible.
First of all, the job made huge demands on my strength… …
I stayed on the job for five months, all the while hating the difficulty of the work, the poor money, and the conditions under which I worked. By the time I left, I was determined never to go back there again. 52. How is the text organized?
A. Topic—Argument—Explanation B. Opinion—Discussion--Description
C. Main idea—Comparison—Supporting examples D. Introduction—Supporting examples—Conclusion
答案与解析：选D。本题考查对语篇的结构理解。本文为记叙文的一般结构，本文叙述了作者上学时在一个苹果加工厂打工的经历。作者在第一段提出在苹果加工厂工作的辛苦，工资低和工作条件差（The work was hard; the pay was poor; and, most of all, the working conditions were terrible.），中间三段举例描述，最后一段得出―再也不愿意做‖的结论（By the time I left, I was determined never to go back there again.）。
5．文章结论推断题
由具体到一般，对已知的事实进行归纳总结性推断称为结论。 例题：（全国高考—广东卷D篇）
In 1837, the historian Carlyle made the first recorded use of the word \排队). He spoke of the French and their \
place to wait in line. However, queuing became popular in Britain too. The Second World War was the golden age of queuing, and people joined any line in the hope that it was a queue for something to buy. This was the source of many
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