通常在感官动词和使役动词之后，如：
I found my car missing. 我发现我的车不见了。 I'll have my watch repaired. 我想把我的手表修一下。
7.5 分词作表语
现在分词： 表示主动，正在进行 过去分词： 表示被动，已经完成
She looked tired with cooking. 她由于忙着做饭，看上去有些疲倦。
He remained standing beside the table. 他依然站在桌旁。
7.6 分词作插入语
其结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。 generally speaking 一般说来 talking of (speaking of) 说道 strictly speaking 严格的说 judging from 从?判断
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all things considered 从整体来看
taking all things into consideration 全面看来
Judging from his face, he must be ill. 从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。
Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs. 总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。 (speaking 并不是dogs 的动作)
7.7 分词的时态
1）与主语动词同时，
Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 听到这一消息，他高兴得手舞足蹈。
Arriving there, they found the boy dead. 刚一到那儿，他们就发现那男孩死了。 典型例题
The secretary worked late into the night, ___a long speech for the president.
A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing 答案B. 此处没有连词，不能选D，否则出现了两个谓语动词worked和was preparing。 只能在B，C中选一个。又因前后两个动作同时发生，且与主语为主动关系，应用现在分词。
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2）先于主动词
While walking in the garden，he hurt his leg. 在花园里散步时他伤了腿。
分词作时间状语，如果先与主动词的动作，且强调先后， 要用having done。
Having finished his homework, he went out. =As he had finished his homework, he went out. 做完作业后，他出去了。 典型例题
___ a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received
答案C. 本题考查分词的时态与分词的否定式。根据题意判断，分词的动作（接信）发生在谓语动词的动作（决心再写信）之前，因此用分词的完成式。分词的否定式的构成为not +分词，故选C。该句可理解为：Because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again.
7.8 分词的语态
1）通常，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动，例如：
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He is the man giving you the money. (= who gave you?) 他就是给你钱的那个人。
He is the man stopped by the car. ( = who was stopped by?) 他就是那个被车拦住的人。
2）不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生
gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned 例: a well-read person. 一个读过许多书的人 a much-travelled may 一个去过许多地方的人 a burnt-out match 烧完了的火柴
5. 动名词
5.1 动名词作主语、宾语和表语 1）作主语
Fighting broke out between the South and the North. 南方与北方开战了。 2）作宾语
a. 动词后加动名词doing作宾语 V. + doing sth
admit 承认 appreciate 感激,赞赏 avoid 避免
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complete 完成 consider 认为 delay 耽误 deny 否认 detest 讨厌 endure 忍受 enjoy 喜欢 escape 逃脱 prevent阻止
fancy 想象 finish 完成 imagine 想象 mind 介意 miss 想念 postpone 推迟 practise 训练 recall 回忆 resent 讨厌 resist 抵抗 resume 继续 risk 冒险
suggest 建议 face 面对 include 包括
stand 忍受 understand 理解 forgive 宽恕 keep 继续 举例：
(1) Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?
(2) The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught. b. 词组后接doing
admit to prefer?to be used to lead to devote oneself to object to stick to be busy look forward to to为介词）
no good, no use, It's worth?, as well as, can't help, It's no use /good be tired of be fond of be capable of be afraid of be proud of think of / about hold off
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