3. pay
pay是动词,意为“花费”,其过去式和过去分词为“paid”。它的主语一般是人,常用结构为:
sb. pay money for sth. 意为“某人为某物付钱”。例如: I paid 200 yuan for the coat. 我花了200元买那件外套。 【拓展】
表示“花费”的词spend; take; cost和pay辨析:
词语 spend take pay cost 主语 人(sb.) it作形式主语 人(sb.) sth.(物) 结构 sb. spends + 时间或金钱+ (in) doing sth. /on sth. It takes sb. some time to do sth.(真正主语) sb. pays + 金钱+ for sth. sth. costs sb. + 金钱 例如:
I spent 3 hours (in) doing /on my homework yesterday. 昨天我花了三个小时做作业。 It took me four hours to go to Wuhan by bus. 乘公共汽车去武汉花了我四个小时。 I paid six yuan for the pen. 我花了六元钱买这支笔。
My English book cost me five yuan. 我的英语书花了我五元钱。 4. receive
receive是及物动词,意为“收到,接到,得到”,其后可接介词from。receive a letter from sb.相当于hear from sb.,意为“收到某人的来信”。例如:
I received a letter from my mother. 我收到母亲的一封来信。 【拓展】
receive与accept的辨析:
两个词都作动词用,都表示“接受,收到”之意,但在用法上有所不同。receive表示客观上收到,而accept表示主观上接受。例如:
I received his invitation to the party yesterday, but I refused to accept it. 昨天我收到了他的晚会请柬,但我拒绝接收。 5. direction
direction 名词,意为“方向,指南;用法说明,指示,命令”。例如:
They finally found the right direction. 他们终于找到了正确的方向。 【拓展】
in the direction 朝……方向;在……方向
in all directions 四面八方;全面地;向各方面 in the direction of 朝……方向,向……方向 right direction 正确方向
opposite direction 相反方向;敌对方向 6. find out find out意为“找到,发现,查明”,多指通过调查、询问、打听、研究之后“弄明白”。通常含有
“经过困难、曲折”之后才找出难以找到的东西。例如:
Please find out when the train leaves.
请查一下火车什么时候离站。 【拓展】
(1)find是动词,意为“找到”,通常指找到或发现具体的东西,强调的是找的结果。例如:
He didn’t find his book. 他没有找到他的书。
(2)look for意为“寻找”,是有目的地找,强调找的动作。例如:
Jim is looking for his little dog. 吉姆正在找他的狗。 7. among
among 意为“在……中间”,一般用于三者或三者以上的,其宾语通常是一个表示笼统数量或具有复数意义的名词或代词。例如:
His house is hidden among the trees. 他的房子隐藏在树林之中。 She sat among the children. 她坐在孩子们中间。 【拓展】
between一般指两者之间,其宾语往往是一个具体数目的人(物),或者是由and连接的两个具体的人(物)。例如:
There was a fight between the two boys. 这两个男孩间发生了一场格斗。 I am sitting between my parents. 我正坐在我父母中间。 8. notice
(1)notice作名词,意为“布告,启事”,是可数名词。例如:
We have put a notice of renting these flats in the newspaper. 我们已经在报上登了出租这几套房的启事。
(2)notice作名词,意为“预告,警告”,是不可数名词。例如: These rules can’t be changed without notice. 这些规则不预先通知不可以随便更改。
(3)notice作名词,意为 “注意”,是不可数名词。常用的词组有: take notice of sb./sth.意为“注意某人/某物”。例如: Take notice of what they say. 注意听他们说。
(4)notice作动词,意为“注意到,留心,看到”。常用于notice sb. do sth.意为“注意到某人做某事”(注意到某人作某事的全过程)或notice sb. doing sth.“注意到某人正在做某事”(表示正在进行的动作)。例如:
Did you notice Jack come in? 你注意到杰克进来了吗?
Did you notice his hand shaking? 你有没有注意到他的手在抖? 9. look out
look out意为“小心,注意”,用于祈使句,是提醒对方“小心”的常用语。例如: Look out! There is a car coming. 当心!汽车过来了。 【拓展】
Watch out! 当心,小心!Be careful! 小心,注意! 10. careless
careless作形容词,意为“粗心的;漫不经心的”。其反义词为careful,意为“小心的,仔细的”。 例如:
A careless driver is a danger to us all. 粗心的司机对我们大家都是一种危险。
Jenny was careless to let out the secret. 珍妮不小心泄露了秘密。 【拓展】
less是表示否定意义的形容词后缀,这样的单词还有:hopeless“无望的”; sleepless“不眠的”;useless“无用的”;harmless“无害的”;selfless “无私的”等。 11. experience
(1)experience用作及物动词,表示“体验,经历”等。例如: I experienced a lot of difficulties. 我经历了许多困难。
Have you ever experienced any jungle life? 你曾经体验过丛林生活吗? 【注意】
有时experience的过去分词experienced也用作形容词。例如: Even experienced teachers can make mistakes. 即使有经验的教师也可能犯错误。
(2)experience用作不可数名词,表示“经验”;而表示“经历,感受”时,通常是可数名词。例如: Experience is the best teacher. 经验是最好的老师。 My father has rich experience in teaching English. 我的爸爸在英语教学方面有丰富的教学经验。
The car accident was a terrible experience to him. 那次车祸对他来说是一次很可怕的经历。 12. send
send是及物动词,意为“寄,发送”,过去式和过去分词都是sent,其后能接双宾语,即send sb. sth.=send sth. to sb.。例如:
He sent me a postcard. = He sent a postcard to me. 他寄给我一张明信片。 【拓展】
动词接双宾语时,有两种结构:
(1)动词+间接宾语(sb.) +直接宾语(sth.) 例如: Please give me a pen. 请给我一支笔。
(2)动词+直接宾语(sth.) +介词(for/to) +间接宾语(sb.) 能接双宾语的动词可分为两类:
1)常用介词to的动词有:send; give; show; bring; show; teach; tell等。例如: give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. 意为“给某人某物”。 show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 意为“向某人展示某物”。
2)常用介词for的动词有:buy; sing; make; cook; get等。例如: buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 意为“给某人买某物”。 make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb. 意为“给某人制作某物”。
词汇精练
I. 英汉互译。
1. go on a visit to … _________ 2. make the decision _________ 3. 查明,发现__________ 4. raise money _________ 5. 期盼(做)某事_________ 6. 收到某人的来信________ 7. advise sb. to do sth. _________ 8. 一……就_________ 9. go camping _________ 10. ……怎么样? _________
II. 根据句意及首字母和汉语提示写出所缺单词。
1. Next Sunday they will go on a spring f_______ trip. 2. We d______ to go there by airplane.
3. The t_______ time of riding from my home to our school is ten minutes. 4. We must make sure that we are in (安全) now.
5. We must pay a to the traffic lights when we cross the road.
6. Rose is a _______(普通的) flower. We can easily get it in a flower shop. 7. Can you believe so many books cost Helen only 5 d_______?
8. If you want to live more comfortably, you’d better buy a ______(冰箱). 9. The bicycle is one of the most important (交通工具) in the world. 10. Japan is to the e of China. III. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. —How about going ____ (camp) this weekend? —That’s a good idea!
2. When you go to a new place, you should remember the ____ (direct). 3. We ____ (notice) the bad man run out of sight quickly just now.
4. Tom is looking forward to ____ (receive) his father’s letter, because his father works far away.
5. The conditions in the hotel will make you feel ______ (comfort). 6. _______ (travel) by car is very pleasant.
7. It took us half an hour ________ (find) out the cost by train.
8. Cycling is popular because it doesn’t cause air _________(pollute). 9. David was so _________(care) that he made many mistakes. 10. —Computer games are more and more interesting.
—I _________(agree) with you. I think we shouldn’t play too much. Ⅳ. 选择适当的引导词完成句子。
when, while, not…until, before, as soon as…
1. Kate __________wake up ________the telephone rang. 2. Don’t speak ________ you are eating.
3. We were talking_________ the teacher came in.
4. Lily turned off the lights__________she left the room.
5._______________ the bell rings, the students will go into the classroom.
参考答案
I. 英汉互译。
1. 去……参观、旅游 2. 做决定 3. find out 4. 筹钱 5. look forward to (doing) sth.
6. hear from 7. 建议某人做某事 8. as soon as 9. 去野营 10. how about…/ what about… II. 根据句意及首字母和汉语提示写出所缺单词。
1. field 2. decide/ decided 3. total 4. safety 5. attention 6. common 7. dollars 8. fridge/ refrigerator 9. vehicles 10. east III. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. camping 2. direction 3. noticed 4. receiving 5. comfortable 6. Traveling 7. to find 8. pollution 9. careless 10. disagree Ⅳ. 选择适当的引导词完成句子。
1. didn’t, until 2. while 3. when 4. before 5. As soon as
Unit 6 Enjoying Cycling
词汇精讲精练
句式精讲
1. It’s too far to cycle.
too…to…意为“太……而不能”。它在结构形式上是肯定的,但意义上却表示否定含义,所以动词不定式符号to前不能再加not,只接动词原形即可,too后接形容词或副词原形。例如: The book is too difficult to understand. 这本书难于理解。 【拓展】
(1)在too…to…句型中,当动词不定式的动词是不及物动词,其后所跟的介词不能省略。例如: The room is too small to live in. 这房间太小了不能住。
(2)在too…to…句型中,当动词不定式的宾语实际上就是这个句子的主语时,动词不定式后面不能
再加代词作宾语。例如:
The question is too difficult to answer. 这个问题太难了,无法回答。
(3)在too…to…句型中,当动词不定式能确切说明动作执行者时,可以在动词不定式前面加上逻辑
主语,即for sb.形式。例如:
The box is too heavy for him to carry. 箱子太沉了,他搬不动。
(4)含too…to…的句子可以改写成so…that…句型,意为“如此……以至于……”。例如: He is too old to do hard work. =He is so old that he can’t do hard work.
他年纪太大而不能干重活。
(5)含too…to…的句子也可以用“not + 形容词/副词 + enough to do sth.”句型来替换,但注意
要用原句中形容词或副词的反义词。例如:
He is too old to do hard work. =He is not young enough to do hard work.
他年纪大了,不能做重活。
2. I have some exciting news to tell you.
to tell you由to+动词原形构成的动词不定式,在句子中作定语,放在所修饰的名词之后。例如: Do you know the best way to learn English well? 你知道学好英语的最佳方法吗? 【注意】
动词不定式作定语时,总是后置,不定式与其所修饰的词构成逻辑上的动宾关系,而该不定式为不及物动词时,其后须加上适当的介词,构成及物动词短语。 例如: I am looking for a room to live in. 我正在找一间屋子住。 I need a piece of paper to write on. 我需要一张写字用的纸。 【拓展】
不定式还有以下用法: (1)作主语。例如:
To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
(2)作宾语。这样的动词有:want; hope; ask; decide等。例如: I want to be a football player. 我想成为一名足球运动员。
(3)作宾语补足语。这样的动词有:ask; teach; want; tell; allow等。例如: He asked me to come here in time. 他叫我及时到达这里。 (4)作表语。例如:
My wish is to become a famous pianist. 我的愿望就是成为一名著名的钢琴家。