2．霍桑独特的才能主要表现在他能够通过一些极具象征意义的故事来触摸人类灵魂深处的道德品质，最好的例证便是波士顿清教徒引以自娱的《红字》，小说的每一个字，每一幅画面和每一个事件都能够达到了一个特定的效果，它讲述了关于罪的故事，罪对不同人的影响以及有些人获得拯救的故事Hawthorne’s unique gift was for the creation of strongly symbolic stories which touch the deepest roots of man’s moral nature. The finest example is the recreation of Puritan Boston, “The Scarlet Letter”. In this novel each word, image, and event works toward a single effect. It is a complex story of guilt, its effects upon various persons, and how deliverance is obtained for some of them.6．在他的短篇小说中，他通过活生生，极有象征意味的想象来体现人类社会的一些重大道德问题his ability tocreate vivid and symbolic images that embody great moral questions appear strongly in his short stories。霍桑的杰出之处在于他能把一个故事安放在自己设置的正义标准之中来讲述，他在书中所讲的正义标准成为了当时人们的道德参考it was Hawthorne’s ability to make a story exist in its own right but at the same time appear as a moral symbol. 8．教材作品：《红字》：“The Scarlet Letter”
八、Herman Melville赫尔曼·麦尔维尔1819-1891 1．
1. 《白鲸》主要讲述了一个为追捕一只想象中的神秘白鲸的漫长海上故事，这本书达到了象征主义手法的创作高峰，这种写法强烈地吸引了现在社会的读者“Moby Dick”, a tremendous chronicle of a whaling
voyage in pursuit of a seemingly supernatural white whale. The book is steeped in symbolism, another strong appeal to readers of his century. 2．教材作品：《白鲸》：“Moby Dick”运用船来象征社会，苦苦追寻和探讨了人类善与恶的问题，船就是社会的一个缩影，里面有各种各样的人物uses a ship as symbol of society and searchingly examines the problems of good and evil. Ahab’s ship was like a world in miniature with characters from all walks of life.
九、Henry Wadsworth Longfellow亨利·沃兹沃思·朗费罗1807-1882
1．在《海华沙》中，他采用芬兰民间故事写作手法追忆了美洲印第安人的传说using Finish folk meter in his celebration of American Indian Legends in “Hiawatha”.他最大的成就就是他使诗歌成为了人人都能看，都能写的一种文学体裁his greatest virtue is that he made poetry seem worth reading and worth writing.他的诗歌因高雅宜人，纯正有韵味而大受欢迎he gentleness, sweetness, and purity for which his poetry was popular during his lifetime.
6．教材作品：《人生礼赞》：“A Psalm of Life”; 《奴隶的梦》：“The Slave’s Dream”; 《逝去的青春》；“My Lost Youth”;
《海华沙之歌海华沙的禁食》“The Song of HiawathaHiawatha’s Fasting”