12. After graduation she reached a point in her career ____ she needed to decide what to do. (2007年江西卷) A. that B. what C. which D. where
13. It is reported that two schools, ____ are being built in my hometown, will open next year. （2007年四川卷） A. they both B. which both C. both of them D. both of which
14. The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _____ are beyond our control. （2008 湖南卷）
A. most of them B. most of which C. most of what D. most of that
15. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, _______ New York is an example. （2008 四川卷）
A. for which B. in which C. of which D. from which
16. They will fly to Washington, ______they plan to stay for two or three days. （2008 重庆卷） A. where B. there C. which D. when
17. Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers ____consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law. （2008 江西卷）
A. where B. when C. who D. which
18. By nine o’clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, _______ appeared a rare rainbow soon. （2008 高考试题 福建卷
A. of which B. on which C. from which D. above which
19. I’ll give you y friend’s home address, ______I can be reached most evenings. （2008北京卷） A. which B. when C. whom D. where
20. The road conditions there turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect. （2008 全国卷B） A. it B. what C. which D. that
21. It was in New Zealand ___ Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith. （2008 全国卷B） A. that B. how C. which D. when
22. The man pulled out a gold watch, ______ were made of small diamonds. （2008 陕西卷）
A. the hands of whom B. whom the hands of C. which the hands of D. the hands of which 23. I have reached a point in my life ____ I am supposed to make decisions of my own. （2009浙江卷） A. which B. where C. how D. why
24. ---What do you think of teaching, Bob? （2009北京卷）
---I think it fun and challenging. It is a job _____ you are doing something serious but interesting. A. where B, which C. when D. that
25. Life is like a long race, ____ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. （2009重庆卷） A. why B. what C. that D. where
26. Gun control is a subject ____ Americans have argued for a long time. （2009陕西卷） A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which
27. A person _____ e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails. （2009天津卷） A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever
28. I travel to the Baihai New Area by light railway every day, ____ do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin （2009天津卷）
A. as B. which C. when D. though
29. Whenever I met her, _____ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile. （2009山东卷） A. who B. which C. when D. that
30. They have won their last three matches, _____ I find a bit surprising actually. （2009辽宁卷） A. that B. when C. what D. which
31. It’s helpful to put children in a situation _______they can see themselves differently. (2009福建卷) A. that B. when C. which D. where
32. Many children， _______ parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village. (2009安徽
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卷)
A. their B. whose C. of them D. with whom
33. The house I grew up _____ has been taken down and replaced by an office building. （2009江西卷） A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which
34. Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planet life has developed gradually. （10福建） A. that B. where C. which D. whose
35. I've become good friends with several of the students in my school I met in the English speech contest last year.
A. who B. where C. when D. which （10湖南） 36 The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister ______ she would stay for an hour. A where B who C which D what （10江西） 37. That’s the new machine ______ parts are too small to be seen. （10山东） A. that B. which C. whose D. What
38. Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may return in the near future.
A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which 39. Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut? （10天津） You should try the barber’s I go. It’s only 15. A. as B. which C. where D. that
40．After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling， turned out to be a wise decision． A．that B．which C．when D．where （10四川） 41. As a child , Jack studied in a village school ,_____ is named after his grandfather. （10全国Ⅰ） A. which B. where C. what D. that 42. The newly built café, the walls of_______ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work.
A. that B. it C. what D. which （10江苏）
43. The old temple _______ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair. （10陕西） A. where B. which C. its D. Whose
44. I refuse to accept the blame for something ________was someone else’s fault. （10全国Ⅱ） A. who B. that C. as D. what
45. Children who are not active or diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. （10北京） A. what B. whose C. which D. that
46. In china, the number of cities is increasing ________development is recognized across the world. （10重庆） A. where B. which C. whose D. that
47．The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of left their village homes for a better life in the city. A．whom B．which （10浙江）
C．them D．those
语法复习五：强调句、It的用法、省略和插入语
一、强调句
（（一）强调句句型
1、陈述句的强调句型：It is/ was + 被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that/ who（当强调主语且主语指人）+ 其它部分。
It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.
2、一般疑问句的强调句型：同上，只是把is/ was提到it前面。 27
Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?
3、特殊疑问句的强调句型：被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其它部分？ When and where was it that you were born?
4、强调句例句：针对I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.句子进行强调。 强调主语： 强调宾语： 强调地点状语： 强调时间状语： Where did you meet him in the street yesterday?(对疑问词提问)
5、注意：构成强调句的it本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词一般只用that, who，即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that, who不可省略；强调句中的时态只用两种，一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用It was … ，其余的时态用It is … 。 It is／was…that…强调句型中，that作宾语时可以省略，例如：
It was a new dictionary (that) Father bought for me. 父亲给我买的是一本新字典。 Was it her (that) you were talking about? 你刚才是和她在谈话吗？
（二）not … until … 句型的强调句
1、句型为：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其它部分 e.g. 普通句：He didn’t go to bed until/ till his wife came back. 强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.
Not until she had arrived home did she remember her appointment with the doctor. 2、注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till, until可通用；因为句型中It is/ was not … 已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。
（三）谓语动词的强调
1、It is/ was … that … 结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/ does或did。 e.g. Do sit down. 务必请坐。 He did write to you last week. 上周他确实给你写了信。 Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！ 2、注意：此种强调只用do/ does和did ，没有别的形式；过去时用did ，后面的谓语动词用原形。 补充：1人们还可以通过改变句子结构或颠倒正常语气的手段来进行强调。例如： Never will China be the first to use nuclear weapons. 中国决不会第一个使用核武器。
Only in this way can we catch up with and surpass the world's advanced level of science and technology. 只有这样，我们才能赶上并超过世界先进科技水平。 Happy are those who are content. 知足常乐。
2． 用主语从句+BE+被强调部分，主语从句常用what引导。例如： John wants a ball. 约翰想要一个球。
What John wants is a ball. 约翰想要的是一个球。 Mary gives piano lessons every day. 玛丽每天教钢琴。
What Mary does every day is (to) give piano lessons. 玛丽每天干的工作是教钢琴。
二、It的用法
（一）作人称代词
1、it代替前面（或后面）的单数名词或分句等所表示的事物。 e.g. You cannot eat your cake but have it.（it代替前面的cake） Although we cannot see it, there is air all around us. （it代替后面的air） They say he has left town, but I don’t believe it. （it代替前面They…town分句中的情况） 2、代替有生命但不能或不必分阴阳性的东西（包括婴儿）。
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e.g. Yesterday we saw a big tree. It was fully twenty metres high. （it代替前面的tree） The baby cried because it was hungry. （it代替前面的baby） 3、在某些习惯说法中，可以代替人。 e.g. ---- Someone is knocking at the door, Peter. ---- Who is it? ---- It’s me. ---- Who are singing? ---- It is the children. ---- The light is still on in the lab. It must be the third-year students doing the experiment. 4、it与one的区别：这两个词都可以代表前面说过的名词，但it用于同名同物的场合；one则用于同名异物的场合。 e.g. ---- Do you still have the bicycle? ---- No, I have sold it. ---- Is this knife yours? ---- No. It is Xiao Zhang’s. Mine is the one on the desk. 5、it与that的区别：两词都可代替某一特定名词，但that指同一类，并非同一个。 e.g. The climate of South China is mild（温和的）; I like it very much.（it指the climate of South China） The climate of South China is much better than that of Japan.（that指the climate）
（二）作无人称代词
it作无人称代词时，除了句中找不到它所代表的词语外，另一个特点是它后面的内容都是表示天气、时间、距离、度量衡及情况等。 It is fine (rainy, windy, etc.). It is noon. It is a half hour’s walk to the factory. It is eighteen square metres in area. What does it matter?
（三）作强调词，构成强调结构
用以帮助改变句子结构，使句子的某一成分受到强调。“It is (was) + 所强调的成分 + that (who) + 其它成分。”在这个句型中，it本身没有词义。详见“一、强调句”。
（四）引导词it作形式主语（宾语）
为了使句子平衡，常采用形式主语（或宾语）it ，而把真正的主语（或宾语）置于句子后面。通常引导词it与它所代替的句子成分中间要夹有某些词。 e.g. It takes half an hour to go there on foot.（It与to go there on foot之间夹有takes half an hour四个词） We thought it strange that Mr Smith did not come last night. （it与that从句中间夹有 strange） 但有时it与所替代部分之间并不夹有其它词。 e.g. You may depend on it that they will support you.（因为介词on之后一般不直接接that引导的宾语从句。注意：it不是多余的，不能当作错句）
练习一、强调句、It的用法
1. My bike is missing. I can’t find ____ anywhere. A. one B. ones C. it D. that 2. ---- Who’s that? ---- ____ Professor Li. A. That’s B. It’s C. He’s D. This’s 3. ____ was Jane that I saw in the library this morning. A. It B. He C. She D. That 4. ---- Have you ever seen a whale alive? ---- Yes, I’ve seen ____. A. that B. it C. such D. one 5. The color of my coat is different from ____ of yours. A. this B. that C. it D. one 6. ____ will do you good to do some exercise every morning. A. It B. There C. Those D. You 7. We think ____ our duty to pay taxes to our government. 29
A. that B. this C. its D. it 8. The climate of Shanghai is better than ____ of Nanjing. A. that B. it C. which D. what 9. ____ four years since I joined the Army. A. There was B. There is C. It was D. It is 10. How long ____ to finish the work? A. you’ll take B. you’ll take it C. will it take you D. will take you 11. It was through Xiao Li ____ I got to know Xiao Wang. A. who B. whom C. how D. that 12. It was in the rice fields ____ we had our league meeting. A. where B. that C. in which D. on which 13. It was on October 1st ____ new China was founded. A. which B. when C. as D. that 14. Was it because he was ill ____ he asked for leave? A. and B. that C. that’s D. so
15. Mary speaks in a low voice; ____ is difficult to know what she is saying. A. it B. that C. so D. she 16. It was ____ I met Mr Green in Shanghai. A. many years that B. many years before C. many years ago that D. many years when 17. ____ is not everybody ____ can draw so well. A. It, all B. It, that C. There, who D. There, that 18. So ____ that no fish can live in it. A. shallow is the lake B. the lake is shallow C. shallow the lake is D. is the lake shallow
三、省略
为了使讲话和行文简洁，句中某些成分有时可省略。省略可分以下几种情况：
（一）简单句中的省略
1、省略主语：祈使句中主语通常省略。其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。 e.g. (I) Thank you for your help.（括号内为省略的词语，下同） (I) see you tomorrow. (It) Doesn’t matter. 2、省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分。
e.g. (There is) No smoking. (Is there) Anything wrong? Why (do you) not say hello to him? 3、省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留to。 e.g. ---- Are you going there? ---- I’d like to (go there). He did not give me the chance, though he had promised to (give me the chance). 注意：如果该宾语是be动词或完成时态，则须在to之后加上be或have。 e.g. ---- Are you an engineer? ---- No, but I want to be. ---- He hasn’t finished the task yet. ---- Well, he ought to have. 4、省略表语。
e.g. ---- Are you thirsty? ---- Yes, I am (thirsty). 5、同时省略几个成分。
e.g. Let’s meet at the same place as (we met) yesterday. ---- Have you finished your work? ---- (I have) Not (finished my work) yet. 两个并列分句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。 e.g. My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse.
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（二）并列句中的省略