He didn?t feel quite right;maybe he got sunstroke.他觉得不太好,也许是有点中暑。 The doctor thinks maybe we?d better have a minor operation.医生认为我们最好做个小手术。 ☆ possibly“可能地,或者,也许”,可能性较大用于否定句和疑问句时表示“无论如何”之意。
[例] She expressed regret for any inconvenience which might possibly be caused.她为任何可能造成的不便而深表歉意。
I couldn?t possibly have finished typing such a long document in such a limited period of time. 无论如何,我也不可能在如此有限的时间内打完这么长的文件。
☆ perhaps“可能”,较为常用也较为正式的词,可能性也不十分大。它可以表示建议或要求,也可以表示以礼貌的方式下命令。
[例] I thought perhaps it was the letter you had been expecting. 我想这大概是你一直盼望的那封信。
Perhaps you will kindly give us a hand when we are in trouble.当我们陷入困境时,也许你会善意地帮我们一把。 ............................................................................................................................................................................... ........ 46. most ,mostly
☆无限定词搭配的most可用作形容词和名词。前者通常修饰复数可数名词或不可数名词time,表示“大多数的,大部分的”意思;后者常接of引起的介词短语或定语从句,表示“大多数人(东西,时间)”的意思。此外,most还可作副词,用来修饰副词,形容词或动词,表示“最,十分,非常,很”的意思。 [例] Most students like English.大多数学生喜欢英语。
I was in Shanghai most of the time. 我大部分时间在上海。 The present world situation is the most favourable for the people. 当前世界形势对人民非常有利。
☆ mostly是一个副词,只用作状语。一般放在所修饰的词或短语之前,主要表示“主要地;多半;大部分地”意思。 [例] She is mostly out on Sundays.星 期天她多半不在家。
She uses her car mostly for going to the shops.她用车多半是去商店买东西。
............................................................................................................................................................................... ........ 47.though,although
这两个词都有“虽然”之意,均不能与but连用,但可加yet,still等词以加强语气。 ☆ although:“尽管;虽然”,只作连词,较正式,一般情况下可以用though替代。 [例] He passed the exam although illness prevented him from attending class.
虽然他曾因病耽误了学习,但他考试还是及格了。
Although he was seriously wounded, he still held out on the battle—field. 他虽然身负重伤,但坚持不下火线。
☆ though:“虽然,尽管,即使”,还可以与even连用,even though即使,纵然。作副词时,一般不能置于句首,译作“然而,不过”,相当于nevertheless.
[例] I can see that New York must seem dull to her,though the family won?t admit it.
我看得出来纽约对她来说一定很单调乏味,虽然家里人不愿承认这一点。 She won?t leave the TV set,even though her husband is waiting for his supper. 即使丈夫等着吃饭,她也不愿意离开电视机。
............................................................................................................................................................................... ........ 48. even, even though, though
这一组词十分容易混淆。
☆ even是副词,作“甚至”解,用来强调语气。它在句中的位置应靠近所强调的词或短语,否则会引起歧义。体会以下各句意思:
She would not even enter my room.她甚至不进我的房间。 Even she would not enter my room.甚至连她也不进我的房间。 She would not enter even my room.她甚至连我的房间也不进来。
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☆ even though(=even if)和though都为连词,前者为“即使,纵使”,表示退一步设想,引导一个条件状语从句,含有不肯定的意味;后者为“虽然”,引导一个让步状语从句,表示的是一种事实。参见下列两个例句,前一句表示一种设想与假设,后一句表示“他确实知道”的事实。 [例] He will not tell us the secret, even though(even if) he knows it.
即使他知道这个秘密,他也不肯说出来。
He will not tell us the secret though he knows it.虽然他知道这个秘密,但却不肯说出来。
............................................................................................................................................................................... ........ 49. till ,until
☆till和until都可以用作连词和介词,用于肯定句和否定句。用于肯定句时,只与持续性动词连用,表示“到??为止”。用于否定句时,通常与瞬间动词连用,也可与持续性动词连用,表示“直到??才”的意思。这两个词一般情况下可以相互使换用。
[例] We waited for him until/till six o?clock.我们等他一直等到六点钟。
The pupil will not begin the meeting till/until their class supervisor comes. 学生们等到班主任一到就开始开会。
They didn?t talk until/till the interpreter came.知道译员到,他们才交谈。
He did not go to bed until/till he had made sure that nothing was wrong with the pipes. 他检查水管,确准它们没有毛病,才去睡觉。
当until用于句首时,一般不能用till代替。在以not开始的从句或短语时,till一般也不可代替until,而且这种句式要用倒装语序。
[例] Until the last minute of the match we kept playing. 直到比赛的最后一分钟,我们仍然坚持奋战。
Not until he had finished his work did he go home.他直到把工作做完,才回家去。
............................................................................................................................................................................... ........ 50. carry on ,carry out
☆ carry on意为“进行,继续”,强调一个行为的进行过程。它可以不跟宾语,也可接表示“工作,讨论,竞赛,战斗”等一类的名词作宾语,另可作“经营”解。
[例] Don?t let me interrupt you ,just carry on.别让我打断你,请继续。
I?ll try to carry on the work in spite of difficulties.尽管有困难,但我还是会继续这项工作。Rising costs make it hard to carry on the business.成本上升给生意经营带来了困难。
☆ carry out意为“进行,贯彻,实现”,含有按照某个要求或准则进行的意思。它必须接宾语,且宾语往往是表示“工作,活动,职责,命令,计划”等一类的名词。此词语相当于put into practice。
[例] I have some difficulties in carrying out her order.我感到执行她的命令有些困难。
............................................................................................................................................................................... ........ 51.instead , instead of
两者都有“代替”之意。但两者词性不同,用法各异。不可互换替换使用。 ☆ instead 意为“代替”,是副词,通常单独位于句首,作状语用。
[例] 1)Now you are very busy. I?ll clean the windows instead.现在你很忙,我来(替你)擦窗户。
2)Give me this instead.请改拿这个给我吧。 ☆ instead of 是介词短语,主要有两个意思: 1)表示“代替”后接名词或代词。
[例] Mr Li teaches us English instead of Mr Wang this month.
这个月李老师代替王老师教我们英语。
He was ill yesterday. I went there instead of him. 他昨天病了,我替他区了那里。
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2)表示“而不是”之意,后接名词或V-ing 形式。
[例] I?ll go to Guilin instead of Hangzhou during the summer vacation.
今年暑假我要去桂林,而不是去杭州。
Li Mei went to see Granny Li instead of staying at home. 李梅没有呆在家里,而是去看李奶奶了。
............................................................................................................................................................................... ........ 52.except, except for, besides
这三个词都表示“除??之外”的意思,其含义和用法有别。
☆ except是一个介词,指从整体里“减去”一部分,与介词besides (“除了??还”)相对。其后可接名词,代词,副词,介词短语等,
[例] All except Comrade Wang are present.除了王同志全体都到了。
I looked everywhere except there.除了那里以外,我到处都看了。 I went nowhere except to the factory.除了去工厂外,我哪儿都没去。
His books seem to be everywhere except where they ought to be.他的书似乎放得都不是地方。
☆ except for是一短语介词,常常用来引述一个相反的原因或细节,因而部分地修正了句中的主要意义。 [例] This machine is perfect except for a few short—comings here and there.
这台机器是完美的,除了某些地方有些缺点。
Your composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes. 你的作文除了少许拼写错误外,写得很好。 ☆ besides 除了?? 还,
[例] Lucy went to the park besides Lin Tao. 除了林涛以外,Lucy也去了公园。
............................................................................................................................................................................... ........ 53.worth ,worthy to ,worthy of ,worthwhile
☆worth是“值得”的意思,一般看作介词(也有人认为是形容词),后面通常接(金额,时间,精力之类的)名词或动名词。接动名词时,要用主动形式,表示的却是被动的意义。有时为了强调,worth前还可以用适当的副词修饰。 [例] What is worth doing at all is worth doing well.凡是值得做的,就值得好好去做。
This precision instrument is worth 10,000 yuan.这台精密仪器值一万元。
The research work is worth our while.我们在这项研究工作上花的精力是值得的。
☆ worthy to和worthy of除表示“值得的”意义外,还有“配得上,相称的”等意思。前者后面通常接被动不定式,间或接主动不定式。后者通常接名词(但不能接有关钞票数目的名词)或动名词的被动形式,有时也动名词主动形式。 [例] It is a thing worthy of being seen.这件东西值得一看。
Nothing occurred worthy of being mentioned.没有发生什么值得一提的事。 She is worthy of his necklace.她是配得上这条项链的。
☆worthwhile是形容词,可用作表语,其主语可以是名词,代词,动名词或不定式;它亦可用作定语。此外,worthwhile还可以分开,在while前加物主代词。
[例] Visiting Hangzhou is worthwhile.杭州值得一游。
This is a worthwhile experiment.这是一项值得做的实验。 It is worth our while to read the book.我们读这本书是值得的。
............................................................................................................................................................................... ........ 54. missing, lost
两者均为形容词,都含有“丢失”之意.
☆ missing 表示“失掉,不见”,强调“应该有而缺少”; ☆ lost 有“遗失,不易找到”的意思。
[例] We try to find missing persons. 我们要设法找到失踪的人。
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My keys are lost. 我的钥匙丢了。
............................................................................................................................................................................... ........ 55. no longer, not...any longer, no more, not...any more
它们都是“不再”,但用法不同。
☆ no longer = not...any longer表示时间或距离的“不再”(延长),通常修饰延续性动词,多指现在情况与过去相比,故常用于现在时态中。往往放在行为动词之前,连系动词、情态动词之后。 [例] Mr.Wang no longer lives here.王先生不再住在这儿了。
You can?t stay here any longer.你不能留在这儿里了。
☆ no more = not...any more 表示数量和程度的“不再”(增加),通常修饰终止性动词,一般指今后“不再”,故多用于将来时中。在句中的位置与前两者相同。
[例] They baby watched and listened, and she cried no more. 那个婴儿看这、听着,不再哭了。
We won?t go there any more. 我们不再去那了。
............................................................................................................................................................................... ........ 56. look for, find, find out
☆ look for 是“动词 + 介词”结构,意为“寻找”,表示正在进行的动作; ☆ find 意为“找到,发现”, 多指偶然性的,表示look for 之后的结果;
☆ find out 是 “动词+副词”结构,意为“找出查,明”,指通过观察而发现事实的真相,调查后找出原因等。同时要注意课文中出现的find句型:
find sb. / sth. doing sth. 发现某人(某物)在做某事; find it hard / difficult to do sth. 发现做某事是难的。 [例] What are you looking for? 你在找什么?
They found the lost child hiding in the cave.他们发现走失了的孩子藏在山洞里。 Did you find out why he was late? 他迟到的原因你查清了吗?
★............................................★............................................★
典型词汇与例题
57.worth 的用法:
worth,worthy,worth-while都为adj. 意为\值得\。
1. worth: be worth + n.当名词为金钱时,表示“?? 值得??” ☆be worth doing sth.\??某事值得被做\
[例] The question is not worth discussing again and again.
2. worthy:be worthy of +n. 当名词为抽象名词时表示\??值得??\☆be worthy to be done “某事值得被做”
[例] The question is not worthy to be discussed againand again. 3. worth-while: be worth-while to do sth “值得做某事” worth while: It is worth while doing sth [例] It is worth while sb to do sth.
............................................................................................................................................................................... ........ ... 典型例题
It is not ____ to discuss the question again and again. A.worthB.worthyC.worth-whileD.worth while
答案C. 由worth的用法可知,此句只适合词组be worth-while to do sth.。因此选C。 ...................................................................... 58.It?s for sb.和 It?s of sb.
1)for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点,表示客观形式的形容词,如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等:
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[例] It?s very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
2)of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格,品德,表示主观感情或态度的形容词,如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。 [例] It?s very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我,你真是太好了。 for 与of 的辨别方法:
用介词后面的代词作主语,用介词前边的形容词作表语,造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of,不通则用for。 [例] You are nice.(通顺,所以应用of)。
He is hard.(人是困难的,不通,因此应用for。)
............................................................................................................................................................................... ........ ..... 60.表示“据说”或“相信”的词组:
believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand It is said that?据说 It is reported that? 据报道 It is believed that? 大家相信 It is hoped that? 大家希望 It is well known that? 众所周知 It is thought that? 大家认为 It is suggested that? 据建议 It is taken granted that?被视为当然 It has been decided that? 大家决定 It must be remember that?务必记住的是 It is said that she will leave for Wuhan on Tuesday.
............................................................................................................................................................................... ........ .... 1. introduce vt.
1)make persons known by name to oneanother:介绍,表示“把??介绍给??”常用下列结构:introduce sb. to sb.,其中“to sb. ”也可省略。
[例] ①He introduced a new teacher to us at the welcome meeting.
在欢迎会上,他给我们介绍了一位新老师。
②At the beginning of the class, the teacher usually says, “Let me introduce myself to you first.”
在一开始上课时老师通常说:“让我先来做一下自我介绍。”
③When one friend was introduced to another, they often say “How do you do?”to each other.
当一个朋友被介绍给另一个朋友的时候,他们常常时互致“你好?”。 ④I?d like to introduce my teacher Miss Zhang to you here.
我想把我的老师张小姐给你们介绍一下。(本句中 Miss Zhang 是my teacher的同位语。) 2)bring into use:引用
① He introduced a new method in teaching.他在教学上引用了一种新的方法。 3)bring in for the first time 第一次引进
① Potatoes were introduced into Europe from South America.土豆是从南美传入欧洲的。 ② Coffee was introduced to England from the Continent.咖啡是从欧洲大陆引进到英格兰的。 【注意】introduce的名词形式是introduction,意为“介绍”。 [例] ①This is a letter of introduction. 这是一封介绍信。
②I?m very glad to have an introduction at the beginning of the class. 一开始上课,我很高兴做一下介绍。
............................................................................................................................................................................... ........ 2.nice[nais] adj. good, pleasant, kind:美好的;令人愉快的;友好的
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