初中英语同义词语辨析总结(4)

2019-03-22 13:06

①a nice day(book, taste, etc. )好天气(书,味道等) ②The weather is very nice here. 这儿的天气很好。 ③a nice trip to the Great Wall去长城的一次畅游 ④It?s nice of you to invite us. 你邀请我们真是太好了。 ⑤They are very nice to us. 他们对我们很友好。

【注意】nice的副词形式是 nicely;最高级形式为 nicest,意为“最令人愉快的”。 [例] ①This job fits me nicely. 这项工作很适合我来做。

②What is the nicest part of your holidays?你假期中最愉快的是哪一段时间?

............................................................................................................................................................................... ........ 3.everyday每天的,日常的

① Knowing some everyday English will be helpful.会一些日常英语会有所帮助的。 ② The film is about the everyday life of the people in the U. S. A. 这是部关于美国人日常生活的电影。

【注意】 everyday 仅仅用作定语;当其分开写成 every day时,是名词短语,意为“每天”,在句中用作时间状语。 [例] ① Every day they went to the road nearby and stood there begging.

他们每天到附近的路上,站在那里要饭。

............................................................................................................................................................................... ........ 4.employ vt. 雇用

①He employs four men during the vacation. 假期期间他雇了四个人。 ②Li Ming is employedin a restaurant. 李明受雇于一家饭店。 ③Do you know the man who employed two children? 你认识那个雇佣了两个童工的人吗? 【注意】

1)employer n. 雇主;雇用者。 2)employee n. 受雇者;雇员

3)employment n. 雇用;职业;工人(不可数)。 [例] He is looking for employment. 他在找职业。

4)unemployed adj. 失业的 5)unemployment n. 失业。

[例] ①The employer is a person who employs others. 雇主是雇佣别人的人。

②In China the people who are unemployed are called laid-off workers. 在中国失业的人员被称为下岗职工。

............................................................................................................................................................................... ........ 5.more [m&:]

1)adj. greater in number,quantity,quality,degree,size,ect;additional:数目更多的;更大量的;更佳的;程度更高的;更大的;附加的。

[例] ①More than one person has made the suggestion. 不止一个人提出这个建议。

②Instead of fewer accidents there are more.事故不但没减少,反而增加了。 ③ He has more money (chance,etc. )than ever.他的钱(机会)比任何时候都多。 【注意】more为many或much的比较级形式。

①many----more----most修饰可数名词。 ②much----more----most修饰不可数名词。 2)n. a great account or number 更大的量或数

----What more do you need?你还需要什么?

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----I don?t need any more. 我不再要了。

3)adv. 放在多音节的形容词或副词前,构成形容词或副词比较级形式。 [例] more useful----wonderful----beautiful; more easily----slowly----foolishly 4)与more有关的一些短语:

(1)and what is more 更重要者;再者;更有甚者(=more important;serious)

① He told his classmates the matter, and what is more, he even told the teacher about it.

他把这件事告诉了他的同学,尤为严重的是,他还将此事告诉了老师。 (2)more or less大致;差不多(=about;or so)。

[例] ① It is five days?work more or less. 大概得做五天左右。

② It is an hour?s ride more or less from here to the centre of the city. 从这儿开车去市中心大约需要一个小时。 (3)no more 再也不(=no longer)

①He broke away from our company last year,since then I have seen him no more. 他去年脱离了我们公司,此后,我再也没有见过他。 (4)no more than 仅仅(=only)

①His whole school education added up to no more than one year. 他的整个学校教育加起来仅仅一年。

(5)not more than 不多于;不超过(=at most;just not as?as)。

[例] ①There are not more than twelve people in the meeting room.会议室至多不超过十二个人。 (6)more and more 越来越多(=increasingly)。

[例] ①Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.我们国家正变的越来越美丽。

②It seems that I spend more and more money on books.我好像在买书上花的钱越来越多。 (7)once more 再一次(=again)

①Would you please tell the story once more?请再讲一遍这个故事好吗?

............................................................................................................................................................................... ........ 6.water[?w&:t+]

1)n. the liquid in rivers, lakes, seas, etc. 水

①Fish can?t live without water. 鱼儿没有水就不能生活。 ② sea-water海水 ③mineral water 矿泉水

【注意】当 water用作复数(waters)时,意为“水域或海域”(=the body of water)。 [例] The waters in Changjiang rivers broke some of the banks.

长江的洪水在有些地方冲破了大堤。

2)v. give water to sth. or produce water“浇水,灌溉;加水;泪水流出;流口水”。 [例] ① It?s very dry, and we must water the vegetable garden. 天很干,我们应该浇菜园了。

② They were watering the streets. 他们正在街上洒水。

③ Our ship watered at every port we visited.我们的船每到一港口,就加水一次。 ④ The smoke made my eyes water. 烟使我眼睛流泪。

⑤ The smell from the kitchen made my mouth water. 厨房的气味使我直流口水。

............................................................................................................................................................................... ........ 7.along

1)prep. following the line of:沿着?along常跟road,street,river,line等表示狭长的名词连用。 [例] ①I saw her running along the street. 我看见他沿着大街奔跑。

② After supper we usually take a walk along the river.晚饭后我们通常沿河散步。

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2)adv. forward:向前,along常跟walk,move,run等表示位移的动词连用。 [例] ①He shouted aloud as he ran along. 他一边往前跑,一边高声的呼喊。

②Come along, please. 请过来吧。

............................................................................................................................................................................... ........ 8.情态动词have to表示客观需要做的事情,意思是“必须”,“不得不”。后跟动词原形;而情态动词must表示说话人的主观的看法。

[例] ①Oh, I have to wash all my clothes, clean the floor, and keep everything clean and tidy.

噢,我只得我所有的衣服,清理地板,而且使一切干净整洁。 ②I must be off/leaving now. 现在我必须走啦。

③I must stop and get some sleep. 我必须停下来,睡上一会儿。

............................................................................................................................................................................... ........ 9.partner[?pa:tn+]n. 搭档,合作伙伴;舞伴。

[例] ①Yang Mei is the partner of Zhou Lan?s oral practice.杨梅是周兰口语练习的伙伴。

②We have been partners for many years since we knew each other. 我们从相识以来,是好多年的合作者了。

............................................................................................................................................................................... ........ 10.vacation为美国英语,用作名词,意为“休假,假期”(=a time of rest from work),在英国英语中用holiday。 [例] ① They are on vacation in Auckland. 他们在奥克兰度假。

② I took a vacation at Qingdao last summer. 我去年夏天在青岛度假。 【注意】请病假不用 vacation或 holiday,而使用 take a day off。

[例] ③ Tang Lin took a day off yesterday because of illness.唐林昨天因病请了一天假。

............................................................................................................................................................................... ........ 11.hope和wish的用法区别

1)hope用作动词时,后面可接不定式或 that从句,但不能接“宾语+不定式”。 [例] ①We hope to see you again. =We hope we can see you again.我希望再次见到你。

② I hope you can help me with my maths. 希望你能帮助我学数学。 (不能说:I hope you to help me with my maths. )

2)wish后面接不定式或“宾语+不定式”都可以,其意义相当于“想要”,“希望”(=would like或want)。wish接that从句时一般表示某种强烈而又难以实现的“愿望”,而hope表示的是可以实现或能达到的“希望”。 [例] ① I wish to place an order right now. 我想马上订购。

②I wish him to make progress. 我希望他取得进步。 ③I wish I could fly like a bird. 但愿我能象鸟一样飞。 (从句中的could表示其动作不可能实现,不能用can。) ▲试比较:I hope he can do that. 我希望他会干那件事。 (这句中can不能用could。)

3)wish可表示良好的“祝愿”,后面接“宾语+宾补(形容词或名词)”,而hope不能这样用。 [例] ② I wish you happy. 祝你幸福。

② I wish you a pleasant journey. 祝你旅途愉快。 【注意】不能说 I hope you happy/a pleasant journey.

4)在简略句中,如要表示希望某事不会发生时,应说 I hope not,而不说Idon?t hope so。表示希望某事会发生时,说 I hope so。

............................................................................................................................................................................... ........ 12.grow,plant,keep和raise的用法区别

1)grow和plant都可表示“种植”,如种植草、树、苗、花卉、粮食等植物。

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plant着重指“种植”这一行为,grow着重指种植以后的栽培、管理过程。

某人plant之后树是死是活不一定管,但某人grow a tree 则包括培育管理,使其生长的过程。试比较: [例] ① The students are planting trees on the hill.学生们正在山坡上栽树。(不用)

② How many trees have you planted this year?你们今年植了多少棵树?(不用grow) ③The farmer grows wheat in this field.那位农民在这块田里种植的是小麦。(不用plant) ④People grow bananas in Hainan.海南种植香蕉。(不用plant) ⑤He grows many kinds of flowers in his back garden. 他在他的后花园里种植了各种各样的花。

2)keep可表示“赡养”,后面可接表示人或动物的名词。不用来代替 plant 或grow。 [例] ① He has a wife and three children to keep.他要养活妻子和三个孩子。

②My grandma keeps pigs and hens. 我奶奶养猪养鸡。

③ My uncle has a large family to keep.我叔叔有一大家子人要养活。

3)raise除表示“词养”(动物)以外,还可用来表示“养育”(子女);“培育”(植物)。 [例] ①We raised a good crop of tomatoes this year.今年我们种的西红柿长得很好。

②My grandmother raised a family of five.我祖母养育了五口之家。 ③ Where were you raised?你是在哪儿长大的?

④He raised some flowers in the back garden.他在后花园里种了一些花。 ⑤ That was how the Chinese first raised silkworms.中国人就是这样开始养蚕的。 【注意】raise强调从小精心培养到大,通常指培养花卉以及较难管理的植物。 [例] ⑥ Let?s grow/raise some flowers in the garden. 咱们在花园里种些花吧。

⑦ We grow rice,wheat and cotton in my hometown. 在家乡,我们种植水稻、小麦和棉花。(不宜用raise)

............................................................................................................................................................................... ........ 13.drive —词的用法

1)=travel or go in a car意思是“驾车旅行”。

[例] ① I didn?t drink,because I had to drive home after the party.

我没喝酒,因为晚会以后我得开车回家。 ② He drove me to the station. 他开车送我到车站。

③I drove eight hours/400 kilometres yesterday.昨天我驾车行驶了八个小时/400公里。 ④The policeman drove my car to the police station.警察把我的车开到派出所。 2)=make people or animal go 意思是“赶”、“驱”。

[例] ①The farmer is driving many sheep to market.那位农民正把许多羊赶到市场去。

②The Chinese people drove their enemies from/out of their country. 中国人民把敌人从他们的国土上赶了出去。 3) =cause sb. to be in a state意思是“迫使”,“逼迫”。

[例] ①The loud noise of the people in the street almost drove me mad.

街上人们的喧闹声几乎使我发狂。

②He was driven by hunger to steal. =Hunger drove him to steal.他因饥饿而被迫行窃。 4)drive用作名词主要表示“开车”或“乘车”。

[例] ①The town is about half an hour?s/ forty minutes?/a two-hour/a 9-mile drive from here.

那镇离这儿开车(或坐车)大约半小时/四十分钟/两小时/九英里的路途。 ②Let?s go out for a drive,shall we?我们出去开车兜兜风吧,好吗?

............................................................................................................................................................................... ........ 14.behind —词的用法

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1)作为介词behind主要有下面三种用法。 (1)=at the back of意思是“在??后面”,指地点。

[例] ①A dog ran from behind the tree.一条狗从树后面跑了出来。

②Walk close behind me. 紧跟在我后面走。

③There?s a vegetable garden behind the house. 屋后有个菜园。 (2)=later than意思是“迟于”,指时间。

[例] ① The postman is behind his usual time today.邮递员今天比往常来得迟。

②In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. 我们国家的时间比北京时间迟十四小时。

(3)=not so advanced as?意思“不如??先进”,“落后于??”, [例] ①That?s a small country in Africa far behind its

neighbours.那是一个远远落后于邻国的非洲小国家。 ②They are behind us in education and science. 他们在教育与科学方面落后于我们。

2)作为副词,behind 大致也能表示介同behind的意思。

[例] ①The others are a long way behind.其他人落在后面很远。(=at the back)

②The teacher asked Tom to stay behind after school. 老师让Tom放学后留下来。(=stay after others have left) ③If you don?t work hard,you?ll fall behind. 如果你不努力,你会落后的(=fail to keep up).

............................................................................................................................................................................... ........ 15.prefer的用法

prefer是及物动词,后面应接宾语,意为“更喜欢”(like better)。其过去式、过去分词和现在分词要双写字母r,然后加ed或ing。下面就其用法作一归纳。 1)接名词、代词作宾语。[例] ①----Which would you prefer,tea or coffee? ----I prefer tea.

——咖啡和茶,你更喜欢哪一种?——我较喜欢茶。

②People in the south prefer rice while those in the north prefer food made from flour. 南方人爱吃米饭,而北方人较喜欢吃面食

2)接不定式、动名词作宾语。在没有明确指出比较对象时,用不定式、动名词意义大致相同。[例] ① I prefer to walk there. (I prefer walking there. )我宁愿步行去那儿。 ② He chose Spain,but personally I?d prefer to go to Greece. 他选了西班牙,但就我个人而言,我倒想去希腊。 3)在词组

prefer??to?中,to是介词,其作用是引出两个比较对象,因此,动词prefer的宾语和介词to的宾语在形式上应一致,可以是名词、代词或动名词,不可用不定式。[例] ①He said he preferred the country to the city. 他说城市和乡村相比,他更喜欢农村。

②She prefers dancing to singing. 跳舞和唱歌相比,她更喜欢跳舞。 4)prefer?rather than?的结构中,要用“prefer to do ?rather than do?”意为“宁愿做??而不做??”。[例]

① The soldier preferred to die rather than give in before the enemy. 这位战士宁愿死,也不在敌人面前屈服。

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