2011年职称英语理工类阅读理解(必考版)(2)

2019-03-22 23:10

molecule n.分子

注释:

1.Sierra Madre mountain range of west central Mexico:墨西哥中西部的马德雷山脉o Sierra;一词在西班牙语中本身就包含了“山脉”的意思,确切地说是“呈齿状起伏的山脉”,因为在西班牙语中Sierra有“锯子”的意思。 2.Huichol people:维克人。他们是居住在墨西哥中西部地区马德雷山脉的土著印地安人。该地区山路崎岖,所以西班牙人未涉足于此,墨西哥文化也没能影响维克人的土著文化。据估计,维克印地安人现仅存约一万人。 3.string power lines:架设输电线。

4.Now,a team of scientists?is usin9:a team of scientists可以视作单数,也可以视作复数。本句用作单数,所以后接的谓语动词是is。

5.At the core of:此处the core of意为the basic or most important part of(最重要的部分)。

6.At the core of Portable Light technology are devices called high—brightness light—emitting diodes, or HB LEDs:本句是倒装句,主语是“devices called high—brightness light—emitting diodes,or HB LEDs”,谓语动词是“are”。high.brightness light.emitting diodes可译为“高亮度发光二极管。

练习:

1.To make a living, the Huichol create artwork and A.sell it to tourists in their villages.

B.sell it in cities far away from their villages. C.display it in their village museum.

D.keep it in their homes to attract tourists. 2.Why can Portable Lights emit light?

A.Electronic crystals are woven into fabrics.

B.Items such as clothes and bags are used to carry lights. C.The sun's energy is collected during the day. D.All of the above.

3.What does Sheila Kennedy say about Portable Lights?

A.This invention can change the lives of people,both rich and poor. B.They are widely used in the United States.

C.Portable Lights can help poor people around the world to get light. D.They are expensive to make but easy to carry.

4.What is the most important part of the Portable Light technology? A.HB LEDs

B.Glass Bulbs.

C.Incandescent lights. D.Heated metal coils.

5.LEDs are different from light bulbs in that

A.LEDs are incandescent lights while light bulbs are not. B.LEDs have a metal coil while light bulbs have not. C.LEDs emit colored light while most light bulbs don't.

D.LEDs are made up of tiny pieces of rock while light bulbs are not.

答案与题解:

1.B 短文的第一段提供了答案,该段告诉我们,维克人为了谋生,制作工艺品,并到几百英里以外的城市去销售。

2.D文章的第二和第三段包括了A、B和C所述内容。所以D是答案。

3.C 短文的第四和第五段提供了答案。短文第四段的句子说了Potable Lights可以在世界范围内改变穷乡僻壤用不上电的人们的生活,C准确地表达了这层意思,所以是答案0 A不是答案,说Potable Lights能改变富人穷人的生活,不符合原文的意思。短文没有提及Portable Lights在美国使用,也没有说Portable Lights是否花费很大。所以B和D都不是答案。 4.A第六段的第一句提供了答案。Portable Lights技术的最主要部分是high—brightness light—emitting diodes,即高亮度发光二极管。

5.C短文的第六段对light bulbs进行了描述。第二句中的those glass bulbs即指第一句中的light bulbs。因此,LEDs不是incandescent lights(白炽灯),也没有金属丝。所以A和B均是错误的选择。最后一段的第一个句子LEDs,on the other hand,are like tiny pieces of rock made up of molecules that are arranged in a crystal structure中的like pieces of rock,不等于 pieces。

编制灯光

在墨西哥中西部的马德雷山脉,维克人过着与祖先类似的生活——他们不是用电,因为在他们居住的偏远山区架设电线成本太大。维克人以制作精美的工艺品为生,他们到几百英里以外的城市去销售工艺品。因为家里和路上都没有电,他们只能白天工作,天一黑就不得不停下手中的活计。

如今,一个由科学家、设计师和建筑师组成的团队正在利用新技术为维克人在太阳下山之后提供光亮。科学家的技术将小小的电晶体编入纺织品内,纺织品可以做成衣服、袋子和其他物品。

这些纺织品白天收集太阳能,晚上可以发出明亮的白光。发明者将这些纺织品命名为“移动光源”。项目负责人希拉·肯尼迪称,移动光源有可能改变全世界用不上电的人们的生活。

肯尼迪说,“这一发明的动力是我们可以改变美国日常所见的技术,用来服务那些不富裕的人们。”

移动光源技术的核心是高亮度发光二极管,已经在电子钟、电视和路灯中得以应用。 发光二极管与电灯泡完全不同,玻璃灯泡大多是白炽灯,内部用电将金属丝加热到2,200摄氏度以上。这种温度下,灯泡发出我们能看到的光。

但是,白炽灯散发的能量90%都是热量,而热量是不可见的。因为浪费了很多能量,白炽灯消耗能量的速度很快。另外,白炽灯也很容易损坏。

而发光二极管如同由按照晶体结构排列的分子组成的小块石头,电流通过发光二极管时,晶体结构就会发光。而白炽灯不同,发光二极管可以发出各种颜色的光。发光二极管内部的分子类型和排列方式决定了光的颜色。

*第三十四篇

Batteries Built by Viruses

What do chicken pox,the common cold, the flu,and AIDS have in common? They’re all disease caused by viruses,tiny microorganisms that can pass from person to

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person.It's no wonder that when most people think about viruses, finding ways t0

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steer clear of viruses is what's on people's minds.

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Not everyone runs from the tiny disease carders, though.In Cambridge,

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Massachusetts, scientists have discovered that some viruses can be helpful in an unusual way.They are putting viruses to work, teaching them to build some of the world's smallest rechargeable batteries.

Viruses and batteries may seem like an unusual pair,but they're not so strange

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for engineer Angela Belcher,who first came up with the idea.At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, she and her collaborators bring together different areas of science in new ways.In the case of the virus-built batteries, the scientists combine what they know about biology, technology and production techniques. Belcher's team includes Paula Hammond,who helps put together the tiny batteries, and Yet-Ming Chiang, an expert on how to store energy in the form of a battery.“We’re working on things we traditionally don’t associate with nature.” says Hammond.

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Many batteries are already pretty small.You can hold A.C and D batteries in your hand.The coin—like batteries that power watches are often smaller than a penny.However。every year,new electronic devices like personal music players or cell phones get smaller than the year before.As these devices shrink, ordinary batteries won't be small enough to fit inside.

The ideal battery will store a lot of energy in a small package.Right now,Belcher's model battery,a metallic disk completely built by viruses,looks like a regular watch battery.But inside,its components are very small—so tiny you can only see them with a powerful microscope.

How small are these battery parts? To get some idea of the size,pluck one hair from your head.Place your hair on a piece of white paper and try to see how wide your hair is—pretty thin,right? Although the width of each person's hair is a bit different,you could probably fit about l o of these virus—built battery parts,side to side,across one hair.These microbatteries may change the way we look at

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viruses.

词汇:

chicken pox水痘

microorganism n.微生物 metallic adj.金属的

collaborator n.合作者,协作者 pluck v.拔,摘,采

注释:

1.no wonder:不足为奇的,难怪 2.steer clear of:避开,绕开 3.though:意思为“然而,可是”。在句中使用时通常放在句末。 4.Cambridge,Massachusetts:马萨诸塞州的剑桥市。本文第三段提到的the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge即指坐落于剑桥市的麻省理工学院。麻省理工学院于1861年由著名自然科学家威廉·巴罗吉杰斯创立。这是美国的一所私立研究型大学,培养高级科技人才和管理人才,是以理工科为主的、世界一流的综合性大学。 5.came up with:提出

6.A,C and D batteries:A、C、D均为电池型号。

7.These microbatteries may change the way we look at viruses:这些微型电池可能会改变我们看待病毒的方式。作者想表达的意思是:人们一直认为病毒有害无益,现在病毒可用来制作电池,人们对病毒的看法可能会因此而发生变化。

练习:

1.According to the first paragraph,people try to

A.kill microorganisms related to chicken pox,the flu,etc. B.keep themselves away from viruses because they are invisible.

C.stay away from viruses because they are causes of various diseases. D.cure themselves of virus—related diseases by taking medicines. 2.What is Belcher's team doing at present? A.It is finding ways to get rid of viruses.. B.It is mass—producing microbatteries. C.It is making batteries with viruses. D.It is analyzing virus genes.

3.What expression below is opposite in meaning to the word \paragraph 5? A.Broaden. B.Spread. C.Extend. D.Expand:

4. Which of the following is true of Belcher's battery mentioned in paragraph 6? A.It is made of metal.

B.It is a kind of watch battery.

C.It can only be seen with a microscope.

D.It is a metallic disk with viruses inside it. 5. How tiny is one battery part?

A.Its width is one tenth of a hair. B.It equals the width of a hair. C.It is as thin as a piece of paper. D.Its width is too tiny to measure.

答案与题解:

1.C短文第一段的大致意思是,许多疾病都由病毒引起,诸如水痘、感冒和艾滋病,所以人们想尽办法躲避病毒。这是C所表达的意思。A不是正确选择,因为文章并没有说人们想

方设法去杀死病毒。B的后半句的内容(病毒肉眼看不见)和D的内容(吃药治疗病毒引起的疾病)文中没有提到.

2.C短文的第二段明确提供了答案。

3.D 根据上下文,shrink在此的意思是“收缩”,即“缩小”。所以,它的反义词是expand(增大,扩张)。C不是正确选择,因为extend的意思是become longer,即“延伸”或“加长”。A的意思是“加宽”,也不是答案。B的意思是“伸展,展开”,在一定的上下文里也可以做shrink的反义词,但在第五段这个语境里,B不是最佳选择。

4.D第六段第二句中提到的metallic disk是指“金属圆盘”,它是微型电池的外形,其内部是由病毒构成的电池部件。微型电池不是由金属组成的,所以A不是答案。本段提到,这种电池looks like a regular watch battery,与手表里电池外形相似,但并不等同手表电池,所以B也不是正确选择。文章只是说电池的部件(但并没有说整个电池)小到只能用显微镜才能看到,所以C也不是正确的选择。D才是第六段所要表达的主要内容,因此是答案。

5.A 短文最后一段的第四句(“you could probably fit about lo of these virus-built battery parts,side to side,across one hair”)提供了本题的答案。

病毒电池 理B

水痘、普通感冒、流感和艾滋病有哪些相似之处呢?这些都是由病毒引起的疾病。病毒是能够在人与人之间传染的微生物。难怪大部分人一提到病毒,首先想到的是如何躲避病毒。

然而, 并不是每个人都躲避这些病毒携带者。在马萨诸塞州剑桥市,科学家发现有些病毒能起到非同寻常的作用。他们使病毒开始工作,使病毒构成世界上最小的充电电池。

病毒和电池的搭档似乎并不常见,但这对于工程师安吉拉·贝尔彻来说却并不陌生。安吉拉·贝尔彻最早产生了这一想法。在位于剑桥市的麻省理工学院,她和合作者一起用新方式融合了不同的科学领域。在由病毒构成的电池里,科学家融合了他们在生物、技术和生产工艺方面的知识。

贝尔彻的团队包括帮助组装微型电池的宝拉·哈蒙德和以电池形式存储能量的专家蒋业明。哈蒙德说,“我们现在从事的行业是传统中不会想到的。”

许多电池已经很小了。A型、C型和D型电池都可以握在手里。硬币形状的手表电池通常比分币还小。然而,个人音乐播放器和手机等新型电子设备变得越来越小。这些设备变小了,普通电池就无法安装进去了。

理想的电池应当体积小、储能多。 ,贝尔彻的电池模型是完全由病毒构成的金属圆盘,看起来就像普通手表电池。但里面的部件却非常小——小到用高倍望远镜才能看到。

这些电池部件到底有多小呢?从头上拔一根头发,把它放到白纸上,看看头发的宽度——是不是很细呢?尽管每个人的头发宽度不同,每个头发上可以并列排放大约10个病毒电池部件。这些为电池能会改变我们对病毒的看法。


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