6 从句：（like prepositions phrases, many subordinate clauses modify other parts of the sentence, acting as big adj or big adv. Some subordinate clauses even act as big nouns）
(When the auditors left),the executive (who had been interviewed) was glad.
其他修饰语：例如现在分词，过去分词等修饰语，往往利用逗号可以很好的找到修饰语。
(Limping,) the horse (once considered one of the favorites) was taken away.
2.利用结构来判断主语
A noun in a prepositional phrase can not be the subject of the sentence.(后文有例外)
In the waning days of the emperor’s life, the conquest (of new lands on the borders of the empire) was considered vital.
The tidal forces (to which an object falling into a black holeis subjected) are sufficient to tear the object apart.
3.And vs. Additive phrases
只有AND改变主语的复数形式，其他表示?和?的词语都只是修饰，可以省略看待。 Additive phrases: along with, in addition to…, as well as …, accompanied by …, together with…, including …
Only the word and can change a singular subject into a plural one. Singular subjects followed by additive phrases remain singular subjects.
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Example: Joe, as well as his friends, is going to the beach.
Mathematics, in addition to history and sciences, is a required subject.
表示?学科、疾病、一些活动（如杂技）?等词都是单数形式。 Rules:
（1）Or, either…or, neither …nor: 就近原则
Neither the coach northe players are going to the beach. Neitherthe players nor the coachis going to the beach.
（2）Either, neither…:总是单数
（3）集合名词：总是单数：
Agency, army, audience, class, committee, crowd, orchestra, team, baggage, citrus, equipment, fleet, fruit, furniture…
（例外：如果句义强调集合名词中的个体，则使用复数，但是本考试中，结合名词一般是单数的含义）
The crowd in the stands is cheering loudly as the home team takes the field. Our Army of a hundred thousand soldiers is attacking the enemy.
（4）不定代词：总是单数
Anyone, anybody, anything, no one, nobody, nothing, each, every, someone, somebody, something, everyone, everybody, everything, whatever, whoever,
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either, neither(单独使用)
例外：some of , any of , none of, all of, more of, most of… 谓语动词视后面的名词而定。（sanam of…的主语是后面的名词） Some of the money was stolen from my wallet Some of the documents were stolen from the bank
Any of these women is a suitable candidate for marriage to my son. Not one of my friends is here this weekend.
(5)each, every: 总是单数 Everydoghas paws.
Every dog and cathas paws. Each of these shirtsis pretty. 注意：They each are great tennis players. Each是插入语，可以省略。
(6) 数量词和短语
The number of … is (单数，主语是the number) A number of…are(复数， 主语是复数)
表述数量的词，如： half, majority, minority, plurality谓语动词的形式看其前面的名词是复数还是单数。 （原则同sanam+of短语）
Half of the pie is blueberry, and half of the slices are already gone. The majority of the students in this class are hard workers.
In the Senate, the majority has coalesced into a unified voting block.
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（7）主语从句和短语：谓语动词总是单数 Having good friends is a wonderful thing. Whatever they want to do is fine with me.
3. flip it 倒装句的谓语动词总是看其真正的主语，跟主语的数的形式一致 Near those buildings sits a Lonely house, inhabited by squatters. There are a young man and an older women at the bus stop.
Pong is a classic game from whichhave descended many current computer pastimes.
Problems set
Computer gamesdesigned to involve many players at once have proliferated; such games were first developed before the widespread availability of high-speed internet connection. (correct, 主语和谓语逻辑合理)
第四章 平行结构
Gmat中考得最多的知识点就是平行结构 一、 平行结构的指示词
Makers and structures X and Y X, y, and z Both / and Both x and y Examples Apples and pears Apples, pears and banans Both apples and pears 10 or Either/or Not/ but X or y Either x or y Not x but y Apples and pears Either apples or pears Not apples but pears Not only/but Not only x but also y Not only apples but also pears also Rather than X rather than y From/to From x to y Apples rather than pears From apples to pears 最主要的平行指示词是and, but, or,然而不要拘泥于这样的结构，any construction that expresses two or three things in the same way requires parallelism.
二、 哪些东西可以平行呢？
名词、形容词、动词、不定式、分词、介词短语、从句
Thedivision was opening offices, hiring staff,and investing in equipment. The railroad can either lose more money or solves its problems. They wanted to increase awareness, spark interest, and motivate purchases. I want to retire to a place whereI can relax andwhereI pay low taxes. There are many people whospeak English butwhose parents do not. Ralph likes both those whoare popularandthose who are not.
三、 and 的用法 list Examples