? paper-tape reader---纸带阅读器
22. 与place相关的短语补充
Late in the 1960s the integrated circuit, or IC, was introduced, making it possible for many transistors to be fabricated on one silicon substrate, with interconnecting wires plated in place. 翻译：
20世纪60年代末，集成电路得到采用，从而有可能将许多晶体管制作在一块硅衬底上，集体管之间以覆镀在硅衬底上的导线相连接。
? 20世纪60年代末--- Late in the 1960s ? 集成电路--- the integrated circuit ? 采用---- adopt/adoption introduce ? 使...成为可能 make it possible for
? 制造---fabricate/make/manufacture/produce
? 一块硅衬底--- one silicon substrate
substrate--- (半导体工艺中的)衬[基]底, 底层, 地层 ? plate n.盘子, 金属板
vt.镀（金, 银等）, 电镀 =====================
in place 在通常的位置，在适当的位置
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out of place在错误的位置；在不适当的位置 take place发生，举行
take the place of代替，替代 in place of 代替
======================
23.语序的调整（中英文习惯）
The microprocessor became a reality in the mid-1970s with the introduction of the large-scale integrated (LSI) circuit and, later, the very large-scale integrated (VLSI) circuit (microchip), with many thousands of interconnected transistors etched into a single silicon substrate.
20世纪70年代中期，随着大规模集成电路和后来的超大规模集成电路（微芯片）的采用，成千上万个彼此相连的晶体管被蚀刻在一块硅衬底上，于是微处理器成为现实。
? become a reality---成为现实
? etched into a single silicon substrate 被蚀刻在一块硅衬底上 ========================== bring into existence 创造, 使产生
bring into being 创造, 使产生
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come into existence 开始存在; 形成; 成立 come into being
开始存在; 形成; 成立
cat-and-dog existence
经常争吵的生活; 鸡犬不宁的日子 cat-and-dog life
经常争吵的生活; 鸡犬不宁的日子 ==========================
24.平行结构
The pattern 11010010, for example, might be binary data---in this case, the decimal number 210---or it might be an instruction telling the computer to compare data stored in its switches to data stored in a certain memory-chip location. 例如，11010010这个模式可能是二进制数据——在这种情况下，代表210这个十进制数字——或者它可能是一条指令，告诉计算机将存储在其交换设备中的数据与存储在存储芯片某个位置的数据进行比较。
? binary decimal
octonal (八进制的),
hexadecimal（十六进制的）
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? switch---交换设备
switch board---配电盘, 电键[控制]板; ---交换台;交换机
25.定语从句，词义选择：complete
The complete collection of recognizable patterns---the total list of operations---of which a computer is capable is called its instruction set.
一台计算机能够处理的全部可识别模式的集合——操作总清单——被称为其指令集。
? complete--- adj.全部的, 完全的, 完成的 vt.完成, 使完善
26.翻译：语序调整
Both factors---the number of bits that can be handled at one time, and the size of instruction sets---continue to increase with the ongoing development of modern digital computers. 随着现代数字计算机的不断发展，这两个因素——一次能够处理的比特数和指令集的大小——在继续增长。
? 随着...的不断发展
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with the ongoing development of ? ongoing [??n?g?ui?] a.继续的
? 因素---factor
27.汉译英
Modern digital computers are all conceptually similar, regardless of size.
不论尺寸大小，现代数字计算机在概念上都是类似的。
? 不管，不顾--- regardless of ；in spite of ； leave alone；in despite of
28.汉译英
然而，根据成本与性能，它们可分为几类： Nevertheless, they can be divided into several categories on the basis of cost and performance: ? on the basis of---以...为根据, 在...基础上 provide a ... basis for 为...提供...根据 ? cost and performance---成本与性能 ? category [?k?tig?ri] n.种类，类，类别
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