* In her speech she contrasted the government’s optimistic promises with its dismal achievements.
我忍不住把她的态度和她朋友的态度作了对比。
(= I cannot help contrasting her attitude with that of her friends.)
Collocation:
contrast sharply/strikingly 形成鲜明的对比
contrast startlingly/strongly 形成惊人的/强烈的对比
2. n. difference between things compared
*The atmosphere of the Second World War in London was a complete contrast to that of the First.
*There is a marked contrast between the group’s actions and its principles.
Collocation: constitute/form a sharp contrast to 与…形成鲜明的对照
intensify/sharpen the contrast 加强对比 reveal/show a contrast 显示出差别
23(L. 87) harbor:
1. vt. keep (sth.) secretly in one’s mind
* He might be harboring a death wish. * harbor thoughts of revenge
2. n. place of shelter for ships
*The navy has constructed an artificial harbor.
*All the ships stayed in the harbor during the storm.
24. (L. 89) promote:vt. help to grow or develop
* new efforts to promote the world peace 促进经济发展
(= promote economic growth) 牛奶增进健康。
(= Milk promotes health.)
CF: promote & further
这两个词都可指促使某事物朝着预期的目标发展。 promote 用于事物发展的各个阶段，包括起始阶段。例如：
*promote the understanding between the two countries 促进两国之间的相互了解
*The audiolingual method should be promoted. 应当推广听说法。
further 则用于除了起始阶段以外的各个发展阶段。例如：
*Getting a scholarship will further her education. 获得奖学金可以使她继续深造。
25. (L. 90) emerge: vi. come out
(声音文件emerge)
(=Eventually the truth of the matter emerged.)
* Large scale industry emerged gradually as technology evolved.
Pattern: emerge from/out of
太阳从云层背后出现。
(=The sun emerges from behind the clouds.) *New evidence emerged from the investigation.
It emerges that…
*It later emerged that the driver of the car had been drunk.
26. (L. 98) valid: adj. based on truth or sound reasoning
*This is a valid argument against economic growth. (=They have valid reasons for refusing to do it.)
27. (L. 99) worthwhile: adj. worth doing; worth the trouble taken
* Here is some worthwhile advice to any young businessman.
这本书值得一读。
(= It’s a worthwhile book.)
28. (L. 101) superior: better than average or than others of the same type
Pattern: be superior to
be superior in
敌军在数量上占优势。
(= The enemies were superior in numbers.)
这条地毯在质量上远远比那条好。
(= This carpet is far superior to that one in quality.)
After Reading
Ⅰ. Useful Expressions 1. 被系在…上 2. 探索行为 3. 偶尔 4. 父母的责任 5. 揭示，阐明 6. 最终目的 7. 要做的动作 8. 所希望的结果 9. 关键 10. 育儿观 11. 弥补某种错误行为12. 回想起来 13. 善意的 14. 前来帮助某人 15. 极其熟练、温和地16. 适用于 17. 发展到 18. 发展创造力 19. 值得追求的目标
be attached to… exploratory behavior on occasion parental duties throw light on an ultimate purpose desired action desirable outcome critical point
value of child rearing making up for a misdeed in retrospect well-intentioned come to sb.’s rescue with extreme facility and gentleness apply to evolve to promote creativity worthwhile goals
Unit2
Ⅱ. Words and Expressions
1. (L. 2) confront: vt.
1) (of a problem, difficulty, etc.) face (sb.) threateningly * The difficulties that confront us seem insuperable.
* A major difficulty that confronts international students is how best to judge the quality of a program in a foreign university.
2) (of a person) face and deal with (a problem, difficulty, etc.) 军人必须面对危险和死亡。
(=A soldier has to confront danger and death.) * Astronauts have to confront the unknown.
be confronted with: be brought face to face
(=The prisoner was confronted with his accusers.) * conclusions that can be confronted with experience
2. (L. 3) donation: n. money or goods given for a good cause * The hospital receives a good deal of money in donations. 他们对慈善事业慷慨捐助。
(=They made a generous donation to charity.)
Collocation:
a blood donation 献血 make/give a donation 捐赠 promise a donation 允诺捐助
3. (L. 5) confusion: n. a state of uncertainty about what sth. means, etc.
* The enemy retreated in great confusion. 他们的突然到来打乱了我们的计划。
(=Their unexpected arrival threw our plan into confusion.)
Collocation:
covered with confusion 非常慌张 in confusion 乱七八糟，处于混乱状态 throw into confusion 使狼狈，使慌乱
N.B.: 该词的动词为confuse，confusing意思是“令人困惑、迷惑的”， confused意思是“糊涂
的、混杂的”。
4. (L. 5) curiosity: n. a strong desire to know about sth.
* Just to satisfy my curiosity, how much did you pay for your car? (=We burned with curiosity over what was in the box.)
Collocation:
from/out of curiosity 在好奇心驱使下 in open curiosity 公然出头过问与自己无关的事 Curiosity killed a cat. 好奇伤身。
5. (L. 7) stammer: v. speak with a tendency to repeat rapidly the same sound or syllable
* It’s cruel to make fun of people who stammer. 他结结巴巴地道了谢。 (=He stammered his thanks.)
6. (L. 10) deny: vt.
1) say that sth. is not true
* There is no denying the fact that Japan began to invade China as early as the early 1930’s.
2) refuse to admit or accept
(=He denied knowing anything about their plans.)
7. (L. 10) fill out: add information such as your name and address in (a form or document)
* It took me quite a while to fill out the questionnaire. 请把附表填好。
(=Please fill out the attached blank.)
8. (L. 11) fall into: belong to (a particular group of things that have similar qualities) 理事会成员们意见相左，分成自由和保守两个阵营
(=The council members disagreed, falling into liberal and conservative camps.)
* All whales fall into two groups, those with teeth and those without.
9. (L. 13) nothing more than: only, just
(=Happiness is nothing more than good health and a bad memory.) 这只不过是个杜撰的故事而已。
(=It is nothing more than a made-up story.)
10. (L. 19) attain: vt. succeed in achieving, esp. after a lot of effort 我决心不惜任何代价达到目的。
(=I’m determined to attain my purpose at any cost.) * She attained her ambition of becoming a pilot.
Collocation:
attain one’s goal 达到目的 attain the age of 有…岁了 attain the top of a moutain 到达山顶
CF: get, gain, obtain & attain
这四个词都是动词，都有“得到”、“获得”之意。