11. 工作成了次要的。
Work moves into the background. 12. 坏脾气 be bad-tempered 13. 在此状态下 in this state 14. 日常事务 daily routine 15. 依赖 rely on 16. 长期失业 long-term unemployment 17. 吸毒 drug abuse 18. 恢复平衡 restore balance 19. 将…与…区分开 set apart…from… 20. 面对面 face to face 21. 找借口 make an excuse
Unit 5 Ⅱ. Words and Expressions
1. (L. 1) sweat:
1. v. produce sweat
*The white shirts were sweated through. *He was sweating after working so hard.
2. n. liquid which comes out from the body through the skin to cool it
(=I was covered in sweat after running to catch the bus.)
2. (L. 8) grace: n.
1) quality of being smooth and elegant, esp. in movement or structure
*We admired the grace with which the fashion models walked across the room. *She danced with a grace that surprised us. 2) kindness; willingness to do what is right *She had the grace to say that he was right. *他勉强地承认他错了。
(=He agreed that he was wrong with bad grace.)
3. (L. 10) mere: adj. nothing more than
(=She lost the election by a mere 20 votes.) 光说无济于事。
(=Mere words won’t help.)
4. (L. 10) fantasy: n. (creation of ) imagination
*The story is a fantasy.
*He lives in a world of fantasy.
CF: fantasy, fancy & imagination
fantasy 通常指无限制的，不受意志支配的，完全脱离现实的空想。例如：
*An amusement park full of figures from fairy tales may be called Fantasy Land. 一个游
乐园，如果充满了神话故事中的人物塑雕，则堪称虚幻境界。
fancy 强调凭空想象客观世界不存在之事物，这种凭空想象并非完全脱离现实，只是离现实
较远。例如：
*Her mind went where fancy took it. 他总是不着边际地胡思乱想。
imagination 是个常用词，最少有贬义，它所表示的想象或想象力可以指对过去的事物的重
新构想；也可以指对不存在或不能存在之事物的构想。例如：
*Does she have the imagination to figure out what happened? 她真的富有想象力，能
够推想出发生的事情吗？
*These plans reveal a complete failure of imagination. 这些计划显得毫无想象力。
5. (L.13) numerous: adj. very many
*He has a numerous acquaintance among politicians.
*During the Depression, numerous people wandered from town to town looking for work.
6. (L. 15) passion: n. strong feeling, esp. of love
(=The poet expressed his burning passion for the woman he loved.) 他特别喜欢吃冰淇淋。
(=He has a passion for ice cream.)
7. (L. 15) detail: n. small, particular fact or item
*Everything in her story is correct down to the smallest detail.
不要遗漏一点细节。
(=Don’t omit a single detail.)
Collocation:
go/enter into details 详细说明 in detail 详细地
8. (L. 16) recur: vi.
1) come or happen again
*If the pain recurs, take this medicine.
你知道循环小数吗？
(=Do you know the recurring decimals?) 2) (of ideas, events etc.)come back
*My first meeting with her often recurs to my memory.
*Thoughts of home and family recurred to the lonely traveler. 3) go back (to sth.) in words or thought *Let us recur to what you said yesterday. *Do you mind if I may recur to your idea
9. (L. 21) coincide: v.
1) (of ideas, opinions, etc.) to be in agreement
*His tastes and habits coincide with those of his wife. *The judges did not coincide in opinion.
2) happen at the same time of during the same period of time
*They could not go to the theatre together because his free time never coincided with
hers.
(=The art exhibition coincides with the 50th anniversary of his death.)
10. (L. 24) core: n.
1) most important or central part of anything
*The core of the problem is their objection to educational reform. 让我们直入事务的本质。
(=Let’s get to the core of the matter.)
2) hard central part containing the seeds of certain fruits, such as the apple *An apple core is the part of an apple left after the flesh has been eaten.
Collocation:
to the core: 彻底地; 完全地
*She is French to the core. 她是个地道的法国人。
11. (L. 28) alternate:
1. adj. 1) every other or second
*He works on alternate days.
*The show was sponsored by different clients on alternate weeks.
2) (or two things) happening by turns
这是晴雨交替的一周。
(=This is a week of alternate rain and sunshine.)
*She wears a shirt with alternate stripes of blue and white.
2. v. (cause to ) follow by turns
*We alternated periods of work and rest. 汤姆时而发怒，时而害怕。
(=Tom alternated between anger and fright.)
Collocation:
alternate between 时而…时而…
*They alternate between supporting us and opposing us. alternate in 轮流
*We alternate in doing the household chores. alternate with （使）与…交替
*Sunny weather alternates with rain.
12. (L. 32) relax: v.
1) make or become less tense, worried or nervous *Sit down and relax!
音乐可以帮助你放松一下。
(=The music will help to relax you.) 2) make or become less stiff or tight (=His muscles relaxed.)
3) make (effort or control) less severe
*You must not relax your control for a moment.
13. (L. 37) vain: adj.
1) too pleased with one’s own abilities or looks *She’s vain of her beauty. 他极其自负。
(=He’s as vain as a peacock.) 2) without result; useless
*After a number of vain attempts to climb the mountain, we were forced to return to camp.
*It is vain to resist.
NB: vain的常用词组是in vain，意为“徒劳地，白白地”
CF: vain, empty, hollow & bare
这几个词都是形容词，都有“空的”、“空着的”之意。 vain 意思是“空洞的”、“空洞的”。
empty 主要表示某空间没有人或物，无任何内容。 hollow 表示物体内部是空的，如数、气球等。 bare 主要指某物的表面上是空的，无装饰的。
(Directions:) Fill in the blank with the above words and change the form where necessary. 1. The cinema was half ______.
2. We’ve made a ______ attempt to make him change his mind. 3. Don’t sleep on ______ boards.
4. The poor girl went on for another ten miles on an ______ stomach. 5. The walls look solid, but in fact they’re ____
14. (L. 44) emotion: n.
1) any of the strong of feelings of the human spirit *Love, hatred, fear and grief are emotions
*Jack is a man of great emotion, easily given to tears. 2) strength of feeling; excited state of the feelings
*He described the accident in a voice shaking with emotion. *He thought of his dead child with deep emotion.
CF: emotion, feeling and sensitivity 这些词都是名词，都有“感情”之意。
emotion 表示人的精神、身体全部反映的一种状态，表现为人的任何强烈的感情。例如：
*The speaker appealed to our emotions rather than to our minds. 演讲者激发了我们的情感而不是启发我们的思考。
feeling 是常用词，意思是“感觉”、“感触”、“心情”，部分体现为精神，部分体现为身体，但
并不是具有情感反应特征的基本的感觉、反射或心境。除非有上下文的提示，一般
不表明反应的性质、程度。例如：
*Her feeling was that right would win. 她感觉公理会取得胜利。 *He had lost all of feeling in the left leg. 他的左腿完全失去了知觉。 sensitivity 意思是“感受性”、“敏感性”。例如：
*The dentist gave me an injection which reduced the sensitivity of the nerve. 牙医给我注射一针以减轻神经的敏感性。（插入图片dentist）
15. (L. 48) be ashamed of: feeling foolish or uncomfortable because of (sth.) *You should be ashamed of your behavior!
他由于问了这样简单的问题而感到难为情。
(=He was ashamed of asking such a simple question.)
16. (L. 53) startle: vt. Give a sudden shock or surprise to
*You startled me! I didn’t hear you come in. *She was startled to see him looking so ill.
CF: startle, frighten & terrify
这组动词都是动词，都有“恐吓”的意思。
startle指短时间内叫人震惊的恐惧，可能造成突然的不由自主的身体不能动弹。例如：
*The clap of thunder startled us. 雷鸣般的掌声惊呆了我。
frighten是最普通的词，没有特殊的意义，仅表示“吓唬”或“使…害怕”。例如：
*Not wanting to frighten the poor man, Mrs Richards quickly hid in the small store-room under the stairs. 理查夫人不想吓唬这可怜的人，所以她很快地藏到楼梯下的小贮藏室里。
terrify 含义是“使恐怖”，受到这种惊怕的人是不能自制的
*Bruce engaged low gear and drove at a terrifying speed. 布鲁斯接通了低速挡，开车速度快得令人害怕。
17. (L. 56) intensity: n. state of being intense
*The mayor didn’t realize the intensity of people’s feelings on the housing issue. *The poem shows great intensity of feeling.
18. (L. 56) anxiety: n.
1) feeling of worry of fear
*They felt strong anxiety for her safety.
*After hearing their advice he had no more anxieties. 2) strong wish to do something; eagerness
*The teacher praised him for his anxiety for knowledge. *He always shows his anxiety to please his employers.
Collocation:
anxiety about 对…的焦虑 anxiety for 为…的担忧