英语语法考点串讲
英业四级考试历年各语法考点的分布表（1991-2010）
考点 非谓语动词 不定式 分词 动名词 独立主格 并列句状语从句 和复合定语从句 句 名词性从句 虚拟语气 比较级结构 情态动词 倒装 强调和省略 副词和形容词 10 1 1 1 1 4 1 09 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 08 3 1 1 2 1 2 1 07 1 4 4 1 1 06 2 1 3 1 1 2 2 05 2 1 5 1 1 3 04 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 2 1 03 2 2 3 1 02 1 2 2 1 2 1 01 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 00 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 99 1 1 1 2 2 3 1 1 98 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 97 2 3 2 1 96 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 95 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 94 2 1 2 1 3 2 1 1 1 93 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 92 1 3 1 1 1 91 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 冠词 固定搭配 反意疑问句 强调句 代词 主谓一致 句子成分 时态 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1
专四英语语法考点串讲之一 ：虚拟语气 考点1. If从句中的虚拟语气
省略if，从句的语序用倒装，即将were, had或 should移至主语的前面，但否定词not不前移。 1、与过去事实相反：从句sb had done，主句sb would(should, could, might)+ have done； 1. Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she ____ much better results now. 2008 A. would be getting B. could have got C. must get D. would get
2. He would have finished his college education, but he ____to quit and find a job to support his family.2007 A. had had B. has C. had D. would have 3.___, he would not have recovered so quickly.2005/1995
A. Hadn't he been taken good care of B. Had he not been taken good care of C. Had not he been taken good care of D. Had he been not taken good care of 4. I ___the party much more if there hadn’t been quite such a crowd of people there.2004/1996 A. would enjoy B. will have enjoyed C. would have enjoyed D. will be enjoying
5. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there ___ quite such a crowd of people there.2004/2000 A. weren’t B. hasn’t been C. hadn’t been D. wouldn’t 6. ___for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.2002 A. Had it not been B. Hadn’t it been C. Was it not D. Were it not
7. _____enough time and money, the researchers would have been able to discover more in this field.1998 a. Giving b. To give c. Given d. Being given 8. I was to have made a speech if___.1997
A. I was not called away B. nobody would have called me away C. I had not been called away D. nobody called me away 9. _____ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player. 1996 A. Having B. Given C. Giving D. Had
10. We could ___him with a detached house when he came, but he had specifically asked for a small flat.1995 A. provide B. have provided C. not provide D. not have provided 11. ______you were busy, I wouldn’t have bothered you with my questions. 1994 A. If I realized B. Had I realized C. I realized that D. As I realized 12. _____ their help, we would not have succeeded.1992
A. Hadn't been for B. Had it not been for C. It hadn't been for D. Had not it been for 13. If you _____ in such a hurry you sugar into the sauce instead of salt.1992 A. were not, would not put B. were, would put
C. had been, would have put D. had not been, would not have put 14. \
\___.”1990
A. had been operated on, might not die B. had been operated on, might not have died C. were operated on, might not die D. were operated on,- might not have died 2、与现在事实相反：从句sb did(were)，主句sb would(should, could, might)+do； 1. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _____ much easier to learn.2009 A. could have been B. would be C. will be D. would have been
2. “You ______ borrow my notes provided you take care of them,” I told my friend. 2007 A. could B. should C. must D. can
3. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he ________ able to advise you much better than I can.2005 A. would be B. will have been C. was D. Were 4. If I knew Japanese , I ______ for the position.1991
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A. would apply B. will apply C. may have applied D. will have applied
3、与将来事实相反：从句sb did (should+do或were+to do)，主句sb would (should, could, might)+do。 1. _____ you _____ further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice.2005 A. If, had B. Have, had C. Should, have D. In case, had 2. This is an illness that can result in total blindness _______left untreated.2000 A. after B. if C. since D. unless
3. If your car ____ any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer. (1998) A. shall need B. should need C. would need D. will need
4、错综条件句，也就是主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段。根据历年真题能看出，一般以考察从句对过去虚拟，而主句对现在虚拟为主，即从句sb had done，主句sb would(should, could, might)+do；
1. If only the patient ______ a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now.2007 A. had received B. received C. should receive D. were receiving 2.____ if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know beforehand? 2004? A. Would you be surprised B. Were you surprised
C. Had you been surprised D. Would you have been surprised?
考点2：表示建议、要求、命令等动词如insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, ask, require, request, demand引导的从句及it引导的相应的分词、名词和形容词从句，谓语用（should)+动词原形。 1. It was recommended that passengers ___ smoke during the flight.(2004/1994) A. not B. need not C. could not D. would not
2. He left orders that nothing ______touched until the police arrived here.1997 A. should be B. ought to be C. must be D. would be 3. She asked that she ______ allowed to see her son in police custody. 1993 A.would be B.could be C.be D.was
4. The teacher demanded ______ his essay immediately.1991
A. Tom to hand in B. that Tom hands in C. that Tom handed in D. that Tom hand in
考点3：It is +advisable, essential, important, imperative, incredible等从句，谓语用（should）+动词原形。 1. It is necessary that he ____ the assignment without delay.2010
A. hand in B. hands in C. must hand in D. has to hand in
2. It is absolutely essential that William ____ his study in spite of some learning difficulties.2007 A. will continue B. continued C. continue D. continues
3. It is imperative that the government __ more investment into the shipbuilding industry.2006 A. attracts B. shall attract C. attract D. has to 4.It is imperative that students ____ their term papers on time.2004?
A. hand in B. would hand in ?C. have to hand in D. handed in? 5. The opening ceremony is a great occasion. It is essential _____for that.2003
A. for us to be prepared B. that we are prepared C. of us to be prepared D. our being prepared 考点4：it is (high/about) time that的结构中，从句使用一般过去式。例如: 1. It’s high time we __ cutting down the rainforests.2006
A stopped B had to stop C shall stop D stop
2. That was not the first time he ________ us. I think it’s high time we ________ strong actions against him 2005. A. betrayed…take B. had betrayed…took C. has betrayed…took D. has betrayed…take 3. “What courses are you going to do next semester?”
“I don’t know. But it’s about time ______on something.” 2002 A. I’d decide B. I decided C. I decide D. I’m deciding
4. If you have really been studying English for so long, it’s about time you ___able to write letters in English.1999
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A. should be B. were C. must be D. are
考点5：much as\尽管，虽然\引导让步状语从句，从句中用would have done表示假设。
1. Much as ____, I couldn’t lend him the money because I simply didn’t have that much spare cash.1999 A.I would have liked to B.I would like to have C.I should have to like D.I should have liked to
考点6：if only, wish, as if/as though引导从句，与过去事实相反：had + done；与现在事实相反：动词过去式；与将来事实相反：could/would + do。 1. If only I __play the guitar as well as you! 2006 A would B could C should D might
考点7：would rather/sooner从句中使用一般过去式或过去完成式分别表示对现在或过去的虚拟。 1. The manager would rather his daughter ____ in the same office now.
A.had not worked B.not to work C.does not work D. did not work 考点8：On condition that...“只有”“条件是”/lest / for fear that+(should ) +原形动词。
1. He asked me to lend him some money, which I agreed to do, ________ that he paid me back the following week.2005
A. on occasion B. on purpose C. on condition D. only if 考点9：but for
1. _____ your timely advice, I would never have known how to go about the work.1994 A. Unless B. But for C. Except for D. Not for 考点10：其它
1. We consider ______ he should have left without telling anyone beforehand. 2009 A. strange why B. it strange what C. it strange that D. that strange 2. ____, I’ll marry him all the same.2004?
A. Was he rich or poor B. Whether rich or poor?C. Were he rich or poor D. Be he rich or poor 3. Whether my brother right or wrong, he will have my unwavering support.2001 A. Is B. Were C. Be D. Would be 4. Home is home, _____ ever so homely.1992 A. it is B. it were C. be it D. it be
专四英语语法考点串讲之二 ：情态动词 *情态动词: will（愿意）, shall（将）, must（必须）, can, may, would, should (应该), might, could, ought to, used to（过去常常）, need（需要）, dare（竟敢），have to（不得不） 考试中，情态动词部分重点测试以下内容： （1）情态动词+行为动词完成式（表示推测） （2）某些情态动词的特殊用法
考点1. 情态动词＋have＋过去分词结构表示推测
(1) must have v-ed表示推测过去某事“一定”发生了。否定形式为：can’t / couldn’t have v-ed, 表示过去不可能发生某事。
1. Nancy's gone to work but her car's still there. She ____ by bus.2010
A. must have gone B. should have gone C. ought to have gone D. could have gone 2. She _____ fifty or so when I first met her at the conference.2009/2007 A. must be B. had been C. could be D. must have been 3. Which of the following sentences expresses \
A. You must leave immediately. B. You must be feeling rather tired.
C. You must be here by eight o'clock. D. You must complete the reading assignment on time. 4. He _____ the 8:20 bus because he didn’t leave home till 8:25. (1994)
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A. couldn’t have caught B. ought to have caught C. shouldn’t have caught D. must not have caught 5. –“She must be in the dormitory now.”
--“No, she ____ be there. I saw her in the classroom a minute ago.”(1994) A. mustn’t B. can’t C. couldn’t D. wouldn’t 6. –“The door was open.”
--“It ____ open. I had locked in myself and the key was in my pocket.”(1992) A. can’t be B. mustn’t be C. can’t have been D. mustn’t have been (2) could have v-ed 表示推测过去某动作“很可能”发生了。 (3) may / might have v-ed 表示推测过去某事“也许”发生了.
1. He ____ unwisely, but he was at least trying to do something helpful. (1999) A. may have acted B. must have acted C. should act D. would act
(4) ought to / should have v-ed 和 ought not to / shouldn’t have v-ed 用于对已发生的情况表示“责备”、“不满”，分别表示“本应该…”和“本不应该…”表示应完成而未完成的动作用于完成时中的否定句，表示不应完成但已做的动作
1. Aren't you tired? I ____ you had done enough for today.2009
A. should have thought B. must have thought C. might have thought D. could have thought (5) needn’t have v-ed 表示过去做了某事，但没有做的必要， 意为“本没必要…”。注意：did not need to do 动作并没发生。例：I didn’t need to get up early,so I got up until 9 a.m. 1. You ____ Jim anything about it. It was none of his business. (2000/1998)
A. needn’t have told B. needn’t tell C. mustn’t have told D. mustn’t tell 2. As it turned out to be a small house party, we _____ so formally. (1996)
A. need not have dressed up B. must not have dressed up C. did not need to dress up D. must not dress up 3. The meeting’s been cancelled. Ann ____ all that work. (1995)
A. need to do B. need have C. needn’t have done D. needed not to do 考点2. 特殊用法 (1) can't“不可能”（表推测）, may not “可能不”（表推测）, mustn’t (must not) “不要; 禁止”; used not／usedn’t to或didn’t use to… 过去不… (2) should 表示惊讶
1. I am surprised__ this city is a dull place to live in. 2006 A. that you should think B. by what you are thinking C. that you would think D. with what you were thinking
(3) 用于过去式中，can常表示能过做某事，但事实不一定去做；be able to则表示能做某事并且已经做了。 1. I went there in 1984, and that was the only occasion when I ________ the journey in exactly two days.2005 A. must take B. must have made C. was able to make D. could make
(4) Can’t but + V.,表示不得不，与have to同义。Can’t help +Ving, can’t help but +V.表示忍不住。 (5) may/ might as well + 动词原形”意为“最好，满可以，倒不如”，相当于had better (6) may well + 动词原形”是一种常见的结构，意为“（完全）能，很可能” : He may well be proud of his son. 他大可为儿子高兴。
(7) may as well 还是…好了e.g. You may as well give him the letter. (8) may……but….表转折
(9) cannot … too / enough 表示 “无论怎么……也不算过分”、“越……越好” (10) had better do sth.
1. That man has a bad reputation. You ______ anything to do with him.1991
A. had better not have B. have better have C. have better not have D. had better not to have (11) 其它
1. I ____ writing the paper as scheduled, but my mother’s illness interfered. I hope you will excuse me.1993?
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