本科生毕业设计（论文）
题 目：_热复合化学提高稠油采收率 学生姓名：_______ __徐腾_____ __ ___ 学 号： 201210013120_ _ __ 院 系： 油气工程学院__ _ 专业年级： 2012级石油工程专业 _
指导教师： _ 孙肖____ ____ __
年 月 日
中国石油大学胜利学院本科毕业设计（论文）
摘 要
目前开采稠油的常规技术是注蒸汽热采，但该技术只是暂时降低了稠油的粘度，并且存在很多问题。针对这些问题，本文介绍了三种新型蒸汽复合化学提高采收率技术。
稠油注蒸汽化学辅助水热裂解技术，即将催化裂解剂体系伴随蒸汽一起注入地层，使稠油的部分重质组分发生裂解，实现稠油的不可逆降粘，进而达到稠油在层内就地改质、提高采收率目的的一项新技术。
蒸汽驱由于重力超覆和蒸汽窜槽的影响，蒸汽和热水主要在高渗透层流动，导致蒸汽驱体积波及系数和最终采收率大大降低，含水上升过快，开发成本越来越高。窜槽是由于蒸汽和地层原油流度比过大，重力超覆是由于蒸汽和地层原油密度差过大，两个因素相结合导致蒸汽和热水过早突破，而大量的原油残留在地层里采不出来。为解决此问题在注蒸气时混合泡沫，既能显著地提高波及效率，又可提高驱油效率。
烟道气中含有氮气、二氧化碳和其他杂质，因此注烟道气开采低渗透油藏机理具有注氮气和注二氧化碳开采的双重机理。在注蒸汽是混合注如烟道气可以解决由于注蒸汽过程中蒸汽的沿程热损失较大，地层压力升高较快，井底注汽压力接近或高于临界压力，蒸汽干度低的问题。
关键词：水热催化裂解；蒸汽复合泡沫驱；烟道气复合蒸汽驱；稠油
1
中国石油大学胜利学院本科毕业设计（论文）
ABSTRACT
At present, the conventional technology of exploiting heavy oil is steam injection, but the technology is only a temporary reduction of the viscosity of heavy oil, and there are a lot of problems. In view of these problems, this paper introduces three kinds of new steam compound chemical enhanced oil recovery technology.
Injection heavy oil chemical auxiliary steam water thermal cracking technology is catalytic cracking agent system with steam injection formation, the heavy oil partial heavy component cracking, achieved heavy irreversible and viscosity reduction, and then to heavy oil in a layer in situ modification, a new technology to increase the recovery of.
Steam flooding due to super cover and steam channeling effects of gravity, steam and hot water mainly in the high permeability layer flow, resulting in steam flooding volumetric sweep efficiency and recovery efficiency is greatly reduced, too rapid rise of water cut, the development cost is more and more high. Channeling is due to steam and formation crude oil mobility ratio is too large, the gravity override is due to steam and formation crude oil density difference is too large, two factors combined to cause the steam and hot water early breakthrough, and a large number of crude oil residue in the formation of the mined out. In order to solve this problem, the mixed foam can not only increase the sweep efficiency, but also improve the efficiency of oil displacement.
The flue gas containing nitrogen, carbon dioxide and other impurities, so flue gas injection mining mechanism of the low permeability reservoir with double mechanism of nitrogen injection and the injection of carbon dioxide production. In the steam injection is mixed note smoke flue gas can be solved due to the steam in the steam injection heat loss along the way larger, formation pressure increased rapidly, bottom hole steam injection pressure close to or above the critical pressure steam with low degree of problem.
Keywords： Hydrothermal catalytic pyrolysis； steam foam flooding；flue gas
compound steam drive； heavy oil
2
中国石油大学胜利学院本科毕业设计（论文）
目 录
第一章 绪论 .................................................................................................................. 5
1.1目的及意义 ........................................................................................................ 5 1.2 国内外研究现状 ............................................................................................... 6
1.2.1注蒸汽开采技术 ..................................................................................... 6 1.2.2水热催化裂解技术 ................................................................................. 7 1.2.3热-泡沫复合驱技术 ................................................................................ 8 1.2.4烟道气辅助蒸汽吞吐技术 ..................................................................... 8 1.3 热复合化学提高稠油采收率的研究内容 ....................................................... 9 第二章 水热催化裂解技术 ........................................................................................ 10
2.1水热催化裂解技术原理 .................................................................................. 10 2.2 水热裂解催化剂 ............................................................................................. 12
2.2.1催化剂的组成 ....................................................................................... 12 2.2.2高温水热催化裂解催化剂的缺点 ....................................................... 14 2.2.3低温水热裂解催化剂 ........................................................................... 15 2.3 其他化合物在稠油水热裂解反应中的作用 ................................................. 18
2.3.1 含硫化合物的作用 .............................................................................. 19 2.3.2 含氧化合物的作用 .............................................................................. 19 2.3.3 含氮化合物的作用 .............................................................................. 20 2.3.4 水在反应中的作用 .............................................................................. 21
第三章 热-泡沫复合驱技术 ......................................................................................... 22
3.1热-泡沫复合驱技术研究现状 ......................................................................... 22 3.2蒸汽泡沫调剖试验中的不足 .......................................................................... 23 3.3热-泡沫复合驱技术原理 ................................................................................. 25
3.3.1泡沫的形成 ........................................................................................... 25 3.3.2泡沫驱油的原理 ................................................................................... 26 3.3.3泡沫流体的其他作用 ........................................................................... 26
3
中国石油大学胜利学院本科毕业设计（论文）
3.3.4 泡沫驱试验适宜油藏特征 .................................................................. 27
第四章 烟道气辅助蒸汽吞吐技术 ............................................................................ 29
4.1 烟道气辅助蒸汽吞吐原理 ............................................................................. 29 4.2烟道气辅助蒸汽吞吐对稠油油藏的开发 ...................................................... 29
4.2.1烟道气辅助蒸汽吞吐 ........................................................................... 29 4.2.2氮气辅助蒸汽吞吐 ............................................................................... 29 4.2.3二氧化碳辅助蒸汽吞吐 ....................................................................... 31
第五章 总结 .................................................................................................................. 32 参考文献 ........................................................................................................................ 33 致 谢 ........................................................................................................................ 34
4