题 目: 数控技术与UG应用
目录
摘要…………………………………………………………………………………..4 关键词……………………………………………………………4
第一章 绪论 ···················································································································· 5
1.1数控加工技术的发展趋势 ..................................................................................... 5
1.1.1向开放式、基于PC的第六代方向发展 ························································ 5 1.1.2向高速化和高精度化发展 ··········································································· 5 1.1. 3智能化、网络化成为当代数控系统发展的主要趋势 ···································· 5 1.2 UG数控中心编程的关键技术及应用...................................................................... 6
1.2.1 数控编程模块 ···························································································· 6 1.2.2 刀具轨迹的生成模块·················································································· 6 1.2.3刀具轴的导动方式 ······················································································ 7 1.2.4刀具轨迹编辑的修改 ·················································································· 7 1.2.5加工仿真 ···································································································· 7 1.2.6后置处理 ···································································································· 8 1.2.7切削参数库设置 ························································································· 8 1.2.8 CAM二次开发功能接口 ··············································································· 8 1.3 UG NX/CAM数控编程流程...................................................................................... 7 第二章 零件图纸的工艺分析 ·························································································· 9
2.1零件图分析 .......................................................................................................... 9
2.1.1读图和审图 ································································································ 9 2.1.2零件结构的工艺性 ·····················································································11 2.2毛坯、余量分析 ..................................................................................................11
2.2.1毛坯的种类 ·······························································································11 2.2.2加工余量 ·································································································· 10
第三章 加工准备及工艺路线的确定 ··············································································· 12
3.1机床及工艺装备的选择 ...................................................................................... 12
3.1.1夹具的选择 ............................................................................................... 13
3.1.2刀具选择 ·································································································· 13
1
3.2基准的选择 ........................................................................................................ 14
3.3.1吃刀量 ····································································································· 14 3.3.2进给速度 ·································································································· 15 3.3.3切削速度 ·································································································· 14 3.3.4切削液的选择 ··························································································· 17 3.4确定工艺路线 .................................................................................................... 17 3.5确定进给路线 .................................................................................................... 18 3.6数控加工工序卡 ................................................................................................. 17 第四章 UG加工和编程设计 ···························································································· 20
4.1加工并生成程序 ................................................................................................. 20
4.1.1工艺参数设定 ··························································································· 20 4.1.2生成加工轨迹 ··························································································· 21 4.1.3生成部分程序 ··························································································· 22 4.1.4例举自动生成的程序 ················································································ 22
总结······························································································································· 30 致谢······························································································································· 31 参考文献························································································································ 32
2
摘要
数控技术是现代制造业实现自动化、柔性化、集成化生产的基础，数控技术及数控装备已成为关系国家战略和体现国家综合国力水平的重要基础性产业，其水平高低是衡量一个国家制造业现代化程度的核心标志，实现加工机床及生产过程数控化，已经成为当今制造业的发展方向。
UG(UNIGRAPHICS)由美国UGS公司开发经销，不仅具有复杂造型和数控加工的功能，还具有管理复杂产品装配，进行多种设计方案的对比分析和优化等功能。其庞大的模块群为企业提供了从产品设计 、产品分析、 加工装配、 检验，到过程管理 虚拟运作等全系列的技术支持。
数控技术与CAD/CAM/PRO/E/UG等软件结合应用,已成为数控业的潮流。本文简单的介绍了数控技术及发展趋势、数控加工工艺、UG在数控方面的应用（三维造型与数控自动加工）。 关键词：数控技术 加工工艺 UG 编程
Abstract
CNC technology is the modern manufacturing automation, flexible,
integrated production base, and CNC numerical control technology and equipment has become a national strategy and reflect the level of national comprehensive national power important basic industry, is a measure of the level of the manufacturing sector of a country's modernization degree of core mark,
implementation of production process of NC machine tool and, has become the development direction of manufacturing industry.
UG ( UNIGRAPHICS ) by the American UGS company distribution development, not only has the complex modeling and NC machining of the function, also has the
management of complex product assembly, a variety of design scheme comparison analysis and optimization of functions. Its large module group companies from product design, product analysis, processing and assembly, inspection, to process management virtual operation such as a full range of technical support.
Numerical control technology and CAD / CAM / PRO / E / UG software applications, has become a CNC industry trends. This paper simply introduced the NC technology and trend of development, CNC machining process, NC ( UG in the application of 3D modeling and NC Machining )
3
第一章 绪论
数控技术是用数字信息对机床运动和工作过程进行控制的技术，它是集传统的机械制造技术、计算机技术、现代控制技术、传感检测技术、网络通信技术和光机电技术等于一体的现代制造业的基础技术，具有高精度、高效率、柔性自动化等特点，对制造业实现柔性自动化、集成化和智能化起着举足轻重的作用。数控装备则是以数控技术为代表的新技术对传统制造产业和新兴制造业的渗透而形成的机电一体化产品。数控技术是制造自动化的基础，是现代制造装备的灵魂核心，是国家工业和国防工业现代化的重要手段，关系到国家战略地位，体现国家综合国力水平，其水平的高低和数控装备拥有量的多少是衡量一个国家工业现代化的重要标志。
1.1数控加工技术的发展趋势
数控技术的应用不但给传统制造业带来了革命性的变化，使制造业成为工业化的象征，而且随着数控技术的不断发展和应用领域的扩大，他对国计民生的一些重要行业（IT、汽车、轻工、医疗等）的发展起着越来越重要的作用，因为这些行业所需装备的数字化已是现代发展的大趋势
数控加工的发展趋势包括继续向开放式、基于PC的第六代方向发展、向高速化和高精度化发展、向智能化方向发展。
1.1.1向开放式、基于PC的第六代方向发展
基于PC所具有的开放性、低成本、高可靠性、软硬件资源丰富等特点，更多的数控系统生产厂家会走上这条道路。至少采用PC机作为它的前端机，来处理人机界面、编程、联网通信等问题，由原有的系统承担数控的任务。PC机所具有的友好的人机界面，将普及到所有的数控系统。远程通讯，远程诊断和维修将更加普遍。 1.1.2向高速化和高精度化发 展
效率、质量是先进制造技术的主体。高速、高精加工技术可极大地提高效率，提高产品的质量和档次，缩短生产周期和提高市场竞争能力。 1.1.3 智能化、网络化成为当代数控系统发展的主要趋势
21世纪的数控装备将是具有一定智能化的系统，智能化的内容包括在数控系统中的各个方面：为追求加工效率和加工质量方面的智能化，如加工过程的自适应控制，工艺参数自动生成；为提高驱动性能及使用连接方便的智能化，如前馈控制、电机参数的自适应运算、自动识别负载自动选定模型、自整定等；简化编程、简化操作方面的智能化，如智能化的自动编程、智能化的人机界面等；还有智能诊断、智能监控方面的内容、方便系统的诊断及维修等。
4
1.2 UG数控中心编程的关键技术及应用
UG NX/CAM有以下重要组成部分：三维建模、刀具轨迹设计、刀具轨迹编辑修改、加工仿真、后置处理、数控编程模板、切削参数库设计和二次开发功能接口等。 1.2.1 数控编程模块
使用数控编程模板有利于利用已有的经验和专家知识，达到企业内部资源共享的目的。系统提供了加工程式模板、刀具模板、加工对象模板和刀具轨迹模板。在模板中不断注入数控编程员、加工工艺师和技术工人等的知识、经验和习惯，建立起规范的数控加工工艺过程，为强化企业生产管理、提高产品的加工效率和质量打下良好的工艺技术基础。CAM系统创建用户自己的模板可以将预先的加工顺序、工艺参数和切削参数设置好。针对相似的零件加工 对象，应用模板可以大幅度提供数控编程的效率和质量，尤其是在模具行业对形似的成组零 件的加工。例如，在制造模具时将加工凸模和凹模时的最佳工艺过程定义为加工模板，在加 工新的产品对象时，只需调用模板文件，选择所需的几何体，并起动这个流程即可。用户通 过加工向导非常容易地从模板中获得专家级的制造过程指导。通过向导，预先定义的模板可以被激活，并通过简单的交互快速生成数控加工刀具轨迹。
UG NX系统提供了基本的数控编程模板，以Shops_diemold模板集为例，其配置文件Shops-diemold.dat
位于\\mach\\resource\\configuration
中，模板集文件
Shops-diemold.opt则位于\\mach\\resource\\template目录下。用户可根据本企业的经验创建自己的程式、粗精加工、刀具、产品等类型的编程模板。利用模板之前，需要对不同产品类 的零件的不同加工方式的模板进行整理与收集。在创建模板时可按加工方式进行分类，对于 系列化或相似的加工工艺，如凸凹模具类零件的加工等，则可以包含粗精加工方案、刀具及 工艺参数的选择等完整的加工流程模板。模板的定义可根据产品加工要求与几何特征划分， 也可根据产品加工要求与材料等多种方式进行划分。 1.2.2 刀具轨迹的生成模块
系统提供了钻孔循环、攻丝和镗孔等点位加工编程模块，具有多种轮廓加工、等高环切、行切以及岛屿加工平面铣削等编程功能。其提供的3～5坐标复杂曲面的固定轴与变轴加工编程功能，可以任意控制刀具轴的矢量方向，具有曲面轮廓、等高分层、参数线加工、曲面流线、陡斜面和曲面清根等多种刀具轨迹控制方式。 (1)UG/Planar Milling(UG平面铣削)
UG平面铣削模块功能，包括多次走刀轮廓铣、仿形内腔铣、Z字形走刀铣削，规定避开夹具和进行内部移动的安全余量，提供型腔分层切削功能、凹腔底面小岛加工功能，对边界和毛料几何形状的定义、显示未切削区域的边界，提供一些操作机床辅助运动的指令，如冷却、刀具补偿和夹紧等。
(2)UG/Core & Cavity Milling(UG型芯、型腔铣削)
利用UG型芯、型腔铣削可完成粗加工单个或多个型腔，可沿任意类似型芯的形状进行去除大余量的粗加工，对非常复杂的形状产生刀具运动轨迹，确定走刀方式。通过容差型腔铣削可加工设计精度低、曲面之间有间隙和重叠的形状，而构成型腔的曲面可达数百个，发现型面异常时，它可以或自行更正，或在用户规定的公差范围内加工出型腔来。 (3) UG/Fixed Axis Milling(UG固定轴铣削)
UG固定轴铣削模块功，包括产生3轴联动加工刀具路径功能、加工区域选择功能，有多种驱动方法和走刀方式可供选择，如沿边界切削、放射状切削、螺旋切削及用户定义方式切削等。在沿边界驱动方式中，又可选择同心圆和放射状走刀等多种走刀方式，提供逆铣、顺铣控制以及螺旋进刀方式，自动识别前道工序未能切除的未加工区域和陡峭区域，以便用
5