广西工学院
毕业设计（论文）说明书
课题名称 4×4升降横移式
立体车库机械结构设计
系 别 机械工程系 专 业 机械工程及自动化 班 级 机自Y074 学 号 200700104059 姓 名 杨羽漾 指导教师 梁蔓安
2011年 1 月 12 日
摘要
立体车库是专门实现各种车辆的自动停放及科学寄存的仓储设施。随着城市汽车保有量的不断增加，停车难问题己经成为大中型城市的一个普遍现象。机械式立体车库可充分利用上地资源，发挥空间优势，最大限度地停放车辆，成为解决城市静态交通问题的重要途径。本课题以较为简单的升降横移式立体车库为研究对象，综合考虑立体车库制造成本和运行效率的双重因素。
本文在对国内外车库现状及发展趋势做了充分认知的基础上，结合当时我的知识和能力，选择四层四列体车库结构为研究模型。升降横移式立体车库就其组成部分而言，可分为三大部分：车库结构部分、传动机构部分和控制系统部分。本文简单介绍了车库的主体结构和特点，对车库的控制系统在此不作分析说明，依据升降横移式立体车库的运行原理，运用力学理论对升降横移式立体车库的结构进行了全面的力学分析，包括升降横移式立体车库的框架结构的强度等。利用UGS NX建立立体车库三维图形。在UGS NX绘制图形过程中，再对部件选型中不合适的进行替换，以达到最佳效果，最后再导成二维图形。为了使停车设备满足使用要求，根据升降横移式立体车库的实际，在升降横移式立体车库中使用了一些必要的安全技术，这样保证了车辆的绝对安全，使得整个车库可以安全平稳的运行。
关键词：升降横移式，立体车库，钢结构，UGS NX
I
Abstract
Stereo garage is the storage which is used for automatic parking and scientific storage of kinds of automobile. As the quantity of urban automobile has increased continuously in nowadays, the hard-to-Park Problem has become a common phenomenon. Mechanical stereo garage can use land resource sufficiently and bring space advantage into play, and maximize the number of parking cars. It has become an important way for static traffic problem of cities. The issue studies the type mechanical parking system which Simple Lifting and transferring type stereo garage, and regards of the two factors of cost of manufacture and operational efficiency synthetically.
On the basis of investigation on current situation and developing trend of garage in domestic and abroad, we choose four-layer and four-formulistic garage structure as the research model. According to the form of the dragging-forms of multi player lifting and transferring type ear-base, it is made of three parts: part of ear-base structure、part of driving-framework and part of control system. The paper simply introduces main structure and characteristics of garage and
The control system of the garage is not for analysis in this note， The finite element reliability checking
of steel structure of garage is utilized according to the operation principle of up-down and translation stereo garage, the mechanics was used to comprehensively analyze the up-down stereo garage. Including intension of the framework structure etc. Using UGS NX to establish parking three-dimensional graphics. UGS NX drawing graphics in the process, and then the selection of inappropriate parts to be replaced in order to achieve the best results and eventually lead into a two-dimensional graphics. In order to satisfy using demand in design stereo garage, according to the facts of the Simple lifting and transferring type stereo garage the Paper introduced some safety technique which was used in the Simple lifting and transferring type stereo garage. This can ensure absolute safety for Car and make the whole stereo garage safety and running smooth.
Keywords：Lifting and transferring，Stereo garage, Steel structure，UGS NX
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目录
第一章 绪论 ............................................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 课题的背景和意义 ........................................................................................................................................ 1 1.2. 国内外研究发展现状 ................................................................................................................................... 3 1.2.1 国外研究现状 ........................................................................................................................................ 3 1.2.2 国内研究现状 ........................................................................................................................................ 5 1.3 立体车库概述 ................................................................................................................................................ 6 1.3.1 立体车库的类型 .................................................................................................................................... 6 1.4 立体车库发展趋势 ........................................................................................................................................ 7 1.5 本文的主要研究目标和研究内容................................................................................................................. 8 1.5.1 研究目标 ................................................................................................................................................ 8 1.5.2 研究内容 ................................................................................................................................................ 9 1.6 本章小结 ........................................................................................................................................................ 9 第二章 升降横移式立体车库简介及机械结构设计 ........................................................................................... 10 2.1 升降横移式立体车库的工作原理............................................................................................................... 10 2.2 升降横移式立体车库的主要组成部分 ....................................................................................................... 11 2.3 主要钢材选型 .............................................................................................................................................. 12 2.4 立体车库钢结构设计 .................................................................................................................................. 12 2.4.1 焊缝连接要求 ...................................................................................................................................... 12 2.4.2 螺栓连接要求 ...................................................................................................................................... 13 2.5 立体车库钢结构分析校核 .......................................................................................................................... 14 2.6 载车板的设计 .............................................................................................................................................. 21 2.7 转动系统的设计 .......................................................................................................................................... 22 2.7.1 电机功率计算及选型 .......................................................................................................................... 23 2.7.2 钢丝绳的选型 ...................................................................................................................................... 25 2.7.3 卷筒的计算 .......................................................................................................................................... 26 2.7.4 滑轮的设计 .......................................................................................................................................... 27 2.7.5 提升转动轴的计算 .............................................................................................................................. 28 2.7.6 联轴器的选型 ...................................................................................................................................... 28 2.7.7 轴承的选型 .......................................................................................................................................... 29 2.8 本章小结 ...................................................................................................................................................... 29 第三章升降横移式存取机构的安全保护措施的考虑 ....................................................................................... 30 3.1 概述 .............................................................................................................................................................. 30 3.2 安全装置 ...................................................................................................................................................... 30 3.2.1 防坠装置 .............................................................................................................................................. 30 3.2.2 减震装置 .............................................................................................................................................. 30 3.2.3 立体车库紧急停车、误操作报警 ....................................................................................................... 31 3.3 本章小结 ...................................................................................................................................................... 31 第四章．结论 .......................................................................................................................................................... 32 致谢 .......................................................................................................................................................................... 33 参考文献 .................................................................................................................................................................. 34
III
第一章 绪论
1.1 课题的背景和意义
随着我国城市经济和汽车工业的迅速发展，拥有私家车的家庭越来越多，而与此相对应的是城市停车状况的尴尬。以北京市为例，截止2006年底，市区仅有公共停车场827处，共计车位5.6万个，仅占市区机动车拥有量的8.5％，停车环境与城市规划的矛盾十分突出。上海的情况也让人无法乐观，仅有的227个地下车库使用面积不足60万平方米，只能满足1.3万辆机动车停放的要求，路边停车渐呈泛滥之势，比例高达64％，而且还有继续上升之势。据建设部城市交通工程技术中心对全国15个大城市停车现状的调查，城市机动车保有量与停车位之比平均为4.84：1，这一比值对于渴望“车者有其位”的车主来说，形式不容乐观。停车难产生最主要的原因是城市建设规划上的准备不足。上世纪80年代初期，北京市权威部门对2000年北京汽车发展数的预测仅仅是70万－80万辆，而事实上到新世纪钟声敲响之前，北京市汽车总量则足足比预期多了100万辆，其中私人小客车的数量就高达45万辆。面对迅速发展的城市车流，停车设施建设的落后也就不足为奇。据建设部停车技术开发推广中心介绍，北京市停车设施的“欠账”最保守估计应为20－30％。
图 1.0 被汽车占领的城市
停车问题是城市在发展过程中出现的静态交通（车辆停放状态）问题，静态交通是相对于动态交通（车辆行驶状态）而存在的一种交通形态，二者相互联系，互相影响，停车设施是城市静态交通的主要内容，随着城市的不断发展，各种车辆的不断增加，对停车设
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