Unit 1 MECHATRONICS
? Section I Dialogue
- Could you tell me something about “mechatronics” [,mek?'tr?niks]？ -你能告诉我一些关于“机电一体化”的东西吗?
-Sure. Mechatronics is a term for the integration [,inti'ɡrei??n] of mechanical [mi'k?nik?l] and electronic engineering [,end?i'ni?ri?].
-当然可以。机电一体化是一个综合了机械和电子工程的术语。 - It sounds like a new concept ['k?nsept]. -这听起来像是一个新概念。
-I don’t think so. In fact, mechatronics was coins by the Japanese 40 years ago and has been widely used in the world for many years. And mechatronic devices [di'vais] have become common on our society.
-我不这么认为。事实上, 日本40年前提出机电一体化的概念,并且已经在世界范围内广泛使用多年。在我们的社会，机电设备变的很普遍。
-You mean mechatronic devices have crept into our everyday life? -你的意思是机电一体化设备已经悄悄进入我们的日常生活？
-Right. Don’t you notice that the devices such as photocopiers [,f?ut?u'k?pi?]，computer disk drives, robots ['r?ub?t] and clothes dryers being used in our daily ['deili] life?
-对的。你没注意到在我们的日常生活中，复印机、计算机磁盘驱动器、机器人和衣服烘干机这些设备的使用吗?
-I’ve got it. I didn’t know they were mechatronic devices before. 我明白了，我以前并不知道他们是机电设备。 ? Section II Reading
Getting a Hold on Mechatronics
了解机电一体化
Mechatronics is a blend [blend] of mechanics [mi'k?niks] and electronics. 机电一体化是机械学和电子学的结合。
It has come to mean the synergistic [,sin?'d?istik] use of mechanical engineering, control theory['θi?ri], computer science, and sensor and actuator ['?ktjueit?] technology to design improved products and processes ['pr?uses].
意味着机械工程、控制理论、计算机科学、传感器和执行机构技术的综合应用，以设计出更好的产品和工艺。
The standard ['st?nd?d] clothes dryer is typically ['tipik?li] controlled by a mechanical timer. 标准控制干衣机是典型的通过机械定时器控制。 The user adjusts the timer according to the size and dampness of the load. 用户根据负荷的大小和湿度调整定时器。
If the timing device is not set properly ['pr?p?li], the drying cycle may be too short and the laundry ['l?:ndri] may come out wet, or the machine could run long and waste energy ['en?d?i].如果计时装置设置不合适，干燥周期可能太短，洗出来的衣服是潮湿的，或机器可能运行长，浪费能源。 A clothes dryer, however, might be fitted with a sensor-based feedback system that lets the
machine measure the moisture ['m?ist??] content ['k?ntent] of the fabrics ['f?brik] or the exhaust [iɡ'z?:st] air, and turn itself off when the load is dry.
然而,一个干衣机可能装有基于传感器的反馈系统,让这台机器测量衣物或排气含水率,然后当衣物干
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燥时自动关闭。
Operating performance [p?'f?:m?ns] is enhanced and energy use is lowered as a result. 因此，操作性能提高并且能源使用降低。 The redesigned [,ri:di'zain] dryer might even be cheaper to buy, depending on the cost of the components [k?m'p?un?nt] that comprise [k?m'praiz] the electromechanical [i,lektr?umi'k?nik?l] control system.
重新设计的干衣机甚至可能更便宜,这取决于包含机电控制系统组成的成本。 ? Section III Words and Expressions
dialogue n. 对话 vi. 对话[di- 二次、二倍（bi-）log- 言词 论述] mechanic [mi'k?nik] n.技工 机械式
mechanical [mi'k?nik?l] adj. 机械的；力学的；呆板的；无意识的；手工操作的 ~engineer mechatronics [,mek?'tr?niks]n. 机电一体化；机械电子学
electromechanical [i,lektr?umi'k?nik?l] adj. [电][机] 电动机械的，[机] 机电的 电机学的 electron [i'lektr?n] n. 电子
electronic [,ilek'tr?nik] adj. 电子的
electronics [,ilek'tr?niks] n. 电子学；电子工业 electronical [i,lek'tr?nikl] adj. 电子的 term [t?:m] n. 术语；学期；期限；条款 integration [,inti'ɡrei??n] n. 集成；综合
integrate ['intiɡreit] vt. 使?完整；使?成整体 engineering [,end?i'ni?ri?] n. 工程，工程学 engineer [,end?i'ni?] n. 工程师
coin [k?in] n. 硬币，钱币 vt. 铸造（货币）；杜撰，创造 devices n. 设备；装置；器件（device的复数） photocopier [,f?ut?u'k?pi?] n. 影印机；复印机
robot ['r?ub?t, -b?t, 'r?b?t]n. 机器人；遥控设备，自动机械；机械般工作的人 robotics [r?u'b?tiks] n. 机器人学（robotic的复数）
synergistic [,sin?'d?istik] adj. 协同的；协作的 syn- [sin] pref. 类似；连；同时；相同 actuator ['?ktjueit?] n. [自] 执行机构；激励者；促动器
actuate ['?ktjueit, -t?u-] vt. 开动（机器等）；促使，驱使；激励（人等）act 行动 行为 dampness ['d?mpnis] n. 潮湿；湿气
damp [d?mp] n. 潮湿，湿气 adj. 潮湿的 vt. 使潮湿vi.变潮湿 moisture ['m?ist??]n. 水分；湿度；潮湿；降雨量 moist [m?ist] n. 潮湿 adj. 潮湿的；多雨的；含泪的
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Unit 2 SENSORS
? Section I Dialogue
J: May I ask you some questions about sensors? M: Sure. Go ahead, please. J: What is a sensor?
M: As far as I know, a sensor is a device for discovering the presence ['prez?ns] of a small amount of light, heat, sound, etc [et'set?r?].
据我所知, 传感器是一种可以发现少量的光、热、声音等存在的装置。
J: How does it work?
M: It usually converts [k?n'v?:t] what it discovers to an electrical [i'lektrik?l] signal. 它通常将它的发现转换为一个电信号。
J: It is said that there are many types of sensors available today. But how to select a right sensor? 据说, 现在有很多类型的感应器。但如何选择一个正确的传感器?
M: You need to know the type of motion ['m?u??n], precision [pri'si??n] of motion, magnitude ['m?ɡnitju:d] of motion and operating conditions[k?n'di??n].
你需要知道运动的类型，运动的精度，运动的量级和操作环境。 J: Thank you for so much information. I’ve really learned a lot from your words. 谢谢你这么多的信息。我从你的话里真的学到很多。 M: That’s my pleasure. ? Section II Reading
Application [,?pli'kei??n] of Sensors 传感器的应用
Look at the following pictures and try to understand the application of sensors. 看看下面的图片,并尝试了解传感器的应用。 Industrial [in'd?stri?l] Sensors 工业传感器 接近
-Mechanical -机械的 -光学的
-Optical ['?ptik?l]
Proximity [pr?k'simiti]
industry 工业 产业
ICBC(Industrial and Commercial Bank of China)
adj. 光学的；眼睛的，视觉的
inductance [in'd?kt?ns] n. 电感 capacitance [k?'p?sit?ns] n.电容
-Inductive [in'd?ktiv] /Capacitive [k?'p?sitiv] -电感的/电容的 位置/速度
Position/Velocity [vi'l?s?ti] -Potentiometer [p?u,ten?i'?mit?]
potentio-电位 -meter [mi:t?] comb.form “计”“仪”“表” -电位计 potential [p?u'ten??l] n. 潜能；可能性；[电] 电势 -LVDT(liner variable-differential ['vε?ri?bl-,dif?'ren??l] transformer) -线性可变差动变压器 transformer [tr?ns'f?:m?] n. [电] 变压器 变形金刚
-Encoder [en'k?ud?] -编码器
encode [en'k?ud]vt. [计] 编码，译码
en- pref. 使处于?境地 code [k?ud]n. 代码，密码vt. 编码
tacho ['t?k?u] n. 转速计；转速器
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-Tachogenerator ['t?k?'d?en?reit?]
-测速发电机 力/压力
generator ['d?en?reit?] n. 发电机；发生器；生产者
Force/Pressure ['pre??]
Vibration [vai'brei??n]/Acceleration [?k,sel?'rei??n] 振动/加速度 应用实例 洗车装置
Example Applications -Car wash application
-Paper roll thickness monitor -滚筒纸厚度检测 -废水流量
-Waste water flow volume
vibrate [vai'breit] vi. 振动；颤动 accelerate [?k'sel?reit] vi. 加速
thick [θik] adj. 厚的；浓的 -ness [nis] suf. [常附于形容 词后面构成抽象名词]表示“性质”,“状态”,“程度” volume ['v?lju:m] n. 量；体积；卷；音量；大量；册 volumetric [,v?lju'metrik] adj. [物] 体积的；[物] 容积的
Inductive and capacitive proximity sensors 电感式和电容式接近传感器
-Inductive sensors use change in local magnetic [m?ɡ'netik] field to detect presence of metal target -电感式传感器利用局部磁场变化检测金属目标的存在 -电容传感器利用非金属物体引起局部电容的变化 -Generally short ranges only -通常只适用于短距离
-Regarded as very robust [r?u'b?st] and reliable -被视为非常耐用和可靠 Example Inductive Sensors 电感式传感器实例
-Detection of open/close functions -打开/关闭功能的检测 -Detection of rotation -旋转的检测
-Detect presence of objet without contact -检测无接触物体的存在 -Range 3mm +/- 10%
-范围3mm +/- 10% (plus or minus ['main?s] 10%)
-Capacitive sensors use change in local capacitive caused by non-metallic objects
? Section III Words and Expressions
convert [k?n'v?:t] vt. 使转变；转换?；使?改变信仰 vi. 转变 皈依；改变信仰 n. 皈依者 converter [k?n'v?:t?] n. [电] 变流器，整流器；转化器 conver n. 转换 convers 匡威
motion ['m?u??n] n. 动作；移动；手势；请求；意向 vi. 运动；打手势 vt. 运动；向?打手势 precision [pri'si??n] n. 精度，[数] 精密度；精确 adj. 精密的，精确的 magnitude ['m?ɡnitju:d] n. 大小；量级；[地震] 震级；重要；光度 magnetic [m?ɡ'netik] adj. 地磁的；有磁性的；有吸引力的 magnet ['m?ɡnit] n. 磁铁；[电磁] 磁体；磁石
robust [r?u'b?st, 'r?ub?st] adj. 强健的；健康的；坚固的；耐用的 ROBUST:乐百氏
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Unit 3 STEPPER MOTOR
? Section I Dialogue
J: Do you have any idea about stepper motors?
M: Yes. Stepper motors are special direct-current (DC) motors. 是的。步进电机是一种特殊的直流电机。
J: Oh, I see. But what’s the use of stepper motors? 噢,我明白了。不过步进电机有哪些应用呢?
M: Stepper motors can be applied [?'plaid] where you need to control rotation angle ['??ɡl], speed, position and synchronism ['si?kr?niz?m].
步进电机可以应用在你需要控制旋转角度、速度、位置和同步的场合。
J: That is to say, a stepper motor can be a good choice whenever controlled movement is required.这就是说,每当需要运动控制，步进电机是一个不错的选择。
M: That’s right. Actually, one of its most significant [sig'nifik?nt] uses is its ability to be accurately
['?kjuritli] controlled in an open loop system.
没错。实际上, 它最重要的用途之一是能够在开环系统中准确地控制。 J: Oh, I understand. It’s very kind of you to tell me so much. M: My pleasure.
? Section II Reading
Stepper Motor 步进电机
Stepper motors are special motors that are used when motion and position have to be precisely
[pri'saisli] controlled.步进电机是一种特殊的电动机,它用于精确的控制运动和位置。
It translates current pulse[p?ls] into motor rotation and every times receives a digital['did?it?l] pulse it rotates a number of degrees in rotation.
它将电流脉冲转化成电机旋转,每次收到一个数字脉冲,依次旋转一定的角度。 requirement for position feedback.
The main advantage of stepper motors is that they can achieve accurate position control without the 步进电机的最大的优势是无需要求位置反馈就能实现精确的位置控制。
In other words, they can run “open loop”, which significantly [sig'nif?k?ntli] reduces the cost of a position control system.
换句话说,它们能够”开环”运行,这显著地降低了位置控制系统的成本。
Stepper motors are commonly used on measurement and control applications. 步进电机常用于测量和控制应用。
Sample applications include ink jet printers (the paper feed and print head drivers), CNC machines (controlled motion and accurate positioning) and volumetric [,v?lju'metrik] pumps. 量泵。
And today stepper motors also can be found in computer peripherals [p?'rif?r?ls], machine tools, medical ['medik?l] equipment [i'kwipm?nt], automotive [,?:t?u'm?utiv] devices, small business machines and so an.
现在,在计算机外围设备、机床、医疗设备、车载设备、小型商业机器上也会发现步进电机（的应用）。 举例说明，（步进电机的）应用包括喷墨打印机(送纸和打印头驱动),数控机床(精确控制位移)和容积计
? Section III Words and Expressions
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