current ['k?r?nt] n. （水，气，电）流；趋势；涌流 adj. 现在的；流通的，通用的 direct current [电] 直流；[电] 直流电 DC alternating current ['?:lt?neiti?] [电] 交流电 AC angle ['??ɡl] n. 角度，角 angel ['eind??l] n. 天使；守护神
synchronism ['si?kr?niz?m] n. 同时发生，同步性 syn- [sin]pref. 类似；同时；相同 sync [si?k] n. 同步，同时vt. 使同步vi. 同时发生 synch [si?k] n. 同时，同步 synchron [si?k] n.同步
synchronic [si?'kr?nik, sin-] adj. 不考虑历史上变化的；限于一时的；同步的
significant [sig'nifik?nt] n. 象征；有意义的事物 adj. 重大的；有意义的；意味深长的 significantly [sig'nif?k?ntli] adv. 意味深长地；值得注目地 accurately ['?kjuritli] adv. 精确地，准确地 accurate ['?kjur?t] adj. 精确的 open loop [自] 开环 开路 closed loop 闭环，闭合环路
semi-closed loop 半闭环semi- ['sem(a)i-] pref. 半；部分 conductor [k?n'd?kt?] n. 导体
insulator ['insjuleit?, 'ins?-] n. [物] 绝缘体 Ins. 绝缘等级 semiconductor [,semik?n'd?kt?] n. 半导体 digital ['did?it?l] adj. 数字的；手指的 n. 数字；键
analog ['?n?l?ɡ] n. [自] 模拟；类似物 adj. [自] 模拟的；有长短针的 in rotation 轮流地；交替地；依次
measurement ['me??m?nt] n. 测量；[计量] 度量；尺寸；量度制 peripherals [p?'rif?r?ls] n. 周边设备；外围设备；电脑外设
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Unit 4 COMPUTER NUMERICAL CONTROL
? Section I Dialogue
-Excuse me, Mary. I feel quite confused about the difference between numerical [nju:'merik?l] control (NC) and computer numerical control (CNC). Could you explain it to me?
-打扰一下,玛丽。我觉得很困惑数控(NC)和计算机数控(CNC) 之间的差异。你能给我解释一下吗? -Well, numerical control is a method of operating a manufacturing [,m?nju'f?kt??ri?] machine based on a code of letters, numbers, and special characters automatically [,?:t?'m?tik?li]. -好的，数控是基于字符、数字和特殊符号组成的代码来控制加工设备自动运行的一种技术。 -Oh, I see. Then what is CNC?
-Good question. When numerical control is performed under computer supervision, it is called computer numerical control.
-问得好。当数字控制在计算机的管理下进行，它被称为计算机数控。 -You mean computers are the control units of CNC machines. -你的意思计算机是数控机床的控制单元。 -Yes, you are right.
-Thank you for your explanation[,ekspl?'nei??n]. -My pleasure.
? Section II Reading
Advantages of Computer Numerical Control 计算机数控的优点 Today, computer numerical control machines are found almost everywhere, from small job shops to Fortune ['f?:t??n] 500 companies, because CNC machines have many advantages over conventional [k?n'ven??n?l] machine: 数控机床在小企业或《财富》杂志所评的500强大公司中随处可见，是因为它具有比普通机床更多的优势。 1. There is a possibility of performing multiple operations on the same machine in one setup. 1. 在一台机器上，一次装夹（设置）可以完成实现多种操作。 2. Because of the possibility of simultaneous multi-axis tool movement, special profile tools are not necessary to cut unusual part shapes. 2.因为机床可以多轴联动，所以在加工特殊外形零件时不需要专用成形刀具。 3. The scrap rate is significantly reduced because of the precision of the CNC machine and lesser operator impact. 3. 因为数控机床的精度，受操作者的影响小，废品率显着降低。 4. It is easy to incorporate [in'k?:p?reit] part design changes when CAD/CAM systems are used. 4. 当使用CAD / CAM系统的时，对零件装配设计的修改就变得更容易。 5. It is easier to perform quality assurance [?'?u?r?ns] by a spot-check instead of checking all parts. 5. 通过抽查代替全检，质量更容易保证。 6. Production is significantly increased. 6. 产量显著增加。 ? Section III Words and Expressions
manufacturing [,m?nju'f?kt??ri?] adj. 制造的；制造业的 n. 制造业，工业v. 制造；生产 manufacture [,m?nju'f?kt??] n. 制造；产品；制造业 vt. 制造；加工；捏造 vi. 制造 manu- ['ma:nu:] pref. 手，人工
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facture ['f?kt??] n. 制作；发票；制作法
character ['k?r?kt?] n. 性格，品质；特性；角色；[计] 字符 vt. 印，刻；使具有特征 auto- ['?:t?u] pref. 自动；自己；汽车 maticn n.电气自动方式
automatically [,?:t?'m?tik?li] adv. 自动地；机械地；无意识地 automatical adj. 自动的
supervision [,sju:p?'vi??n] n. 监督，管理 super- ['sju:p?] pref. 在之上；超级的
vision ['vi??n] n. 视力；美景；眼力；幻象；想象力 vt. 想象；显现；梦见
fortune ['f?:t??n, -t?u:n] n. 财富；命运；运气；财富杂志vt. 给予财富vi. 偶然发生网络释义 conventional [k?n'ven??n?l] adj. 符合习俗的，传统的；常见的；惯例的 convention [k?n'ven??n] n. 大会；[法] 惯例；[计] 约定；[法] 协定；习俗 multiple ['m?ltipl] adj. 多重的；多样的；许多的
mult- [m?lt] comb.form [用于元音字母前]表示：多,多倍(=multi-) multi-axis 多轴的 setup ['set?p] n. 设置；机构；组织；调整；计划；装备 simultaneous [,sim?l'teini?s] adj. 同时的；联立的；同时发生的 simul ['sim?l] adv. 同时，一起（处方用语，等于together）
incorporate [in'k?:p?reit, in'k?:p?r?t] vt. 包含，吸收vi. 合并；混合 adj. 合并的；一体化的 corporate ['k?:p?rit] adj. 法人的；共同的，全体的；社团的
corporation [,k?:p?'rei??n] n. 公司；法人（团体）；社团；大腹便便；市政当局 assurance [?'?u?r?ns] n. 保证；保险；确信；断言
insurance [in'?u?r?ns] n. 保险；保险费；保险契约；赔偿金 surance 保险
spot-check ['sp?t,t?ek] vt. 做抽样调查 vi. 抽查
unusual [,?n'ju:?u?l] adj. 不寻常的；与众不同的；不平常的 usual ['ju:?u?l] adj. 通常的，惯例的；平常的 usually ['ju:?u?li] adv. 通常，经常
un- [?n] pref. 用于形容词之前，表示不；加于动词前，表做出相反的动作；加于名词前，表由取出
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Unit 5 CNC Machines
? Section I Dialogue
Let’s talk about some application of CNC. 让我们来谈谈计算机数控的一些应用。
CNC is being used on all types of machine tools, from the simplest to the most complex. 计算机数控（被）使用于各种机床,从最简单最复杂的。
Yeah, you are right. Nowadays the most common machine tools are the single-spindle ['spindl] drilling machine, lathe, milling machine, turning center and machining center.
是的,你是对的。如今最常见的机床有单轴钻床、车床、铣床、车削中心、加工中心。 But what types of machining centers are there? 但是加工中心有哪些类型？
There are two main types: the horizontal['h?ri'z?nt?l] spindle and the vertical['v?:tik?l] spindle machine. 加工中心主要有两种：卧式主轴加工中心和立式主轴加工中心。
Would you please tell me some details about the horizontal spindle type? 请你告诉我一些有关卧式主轴加工中心的细节?
The travelling-column ['k?l?m]（移动立柱） type is equipped with over or usually two tables（工作台） on which the workpiece ['w?:kpi:s]（工件） can be mounted（安装） while the fixed-column（固定立柱） type is equipped with a pallet（托盘） shuttle（滑台） ['??tl].
移动立柱型配备有两个或两个以上的工作台，其上面可以固定加工件，而固定立柱型则配备有一个托盘式滑动工作台。 I see. Thanks.
? Section II Reading
Types of CNC Machines 数控机床的类型
CNC has touched almost every aspect ['?spekt] of manufacturing. 计算机数控几乎已经触及制造业的每一方面。
Many machining processes have been improved through the use of CNC. 通过使用数控许多加工过程中已得到改进。
Machining center and turning centers are two typical types of CNC machine. 加工中心和车削中心是数控机床两个典型的类型。
Machining centers are the latest development in CNC technology and are also the popular types of CNC machine tools used today.
加工中心是数控技术最新的发展，也是当今使用的数控机床的通用类型。
At a single setup, machining centers can perform such operations as all kinds of milling (face milling, contour milling, slot milling, etc.), drilling, tapping ['t?pi?], reaming ['ri:mi?], boring, and counterboring
['kaunt?,b?:].
加工中心只需要一次装卡就可以完成各种铣削（面铣、轮廓铣、铣槽）、钻孔、攻螺纹、铰孔、镗孔和扩孔等。
In similar fashion, CNC turning centers are capable ['keip?bl] of executing ['eksikju:t] many different types of lathe cutting operations (like facing, boring, turning, grooving, knurling, and threading) simultaneously [saim?l'teini?sli] on rotating part.
类似的，数控车削中心能够在转动的同时实现多种不同的车削操作（比如车端面，钻、镗孔，车削，切槽，滚花，车螺纹）。
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In addition [?'di??n] to machining centers and turning centers, CNC technology has also been applied to many other types of manufacturing equipments such as wire electrical discharge machines (wire EDM) and laser cutting machines.
除了加工中心和车削中心，计算机数控技术也应用与很多其它类型的制造设备，比如电火花线切割机床和激光切割机床。
? Section III Words and Expressions
horizontal ['h?ri'z?nt?l] adj. 水平的；地平线的；同一阶层的n. 水平线，水平面；水平位置 vertical ['v?:tik?l] adj. 垂直的，直立的 n. 垂直线，垂直面 column ['k?l?m] n. 纵队，列；专栏；圆柱，柱形物 workpiece ['w?:kpi:s] n. 工件；轧件；工件壁厚 pallet ['p?lit] n. 托盘，货板；简陋小床；调色板
shuttle ['??tl] n. 滑台 航天飞机；穿梭；梭子vt. 使穿梭般来回移动vi. 穿梭往返 aspect ['?spekt] n. 方面；方向；形势；外貌
contour ['k?ntu?] n. 轮廓；等高线；周线；电路；概要 vt. 画轮廓；画等高线 bore [b?:] n. 孔；令人讨厌的人 vt. 钻孔；使烦扰 vi. 钻孔 counterbore ['kaunt?,b?:] n. 埋头孔，扩孔
slot [sl?t] n. 位置；狭槽；水沟；硬币投币口 vt. 跟踪；开槽于 groove [ɡru:v] vt. 开槽于 vi. 形成沟槽 knurl [n?:l] n. 隆起；节，瘤；硬节 压纹 滚花
tap [t?p] 攻丝 vt. 轻敲；轻打；装上嘴子vi. 轻拍；轻击；轻叩 n. 水龙头；轻打 ream [ri:m] n. 令（纸张的计数单位）；大量 vt. 榨取（果汁等）；扩展；铰孔 thread [θred] n. 线；螺纹 vt. 穿过；穿线于；使交织 vi. 通过；穿透过
discharge [dis't?ɑ:d?] vt. 解雇；卸下；放出；免除 n. 排放；卸货；解雇vi. 排放；卸货，放电 charge [t?ɑ:d?] n. 费用；电荷；掌管；命令 vt. 使充电；使承担 vi. 充电；控告；索价； dis- [dis] pref. 表示不；表示否定、相反或相对；表示分离、夺去
? Section IV Technical Terms
single-spindle drilling machine turning center machining center milling machine travelling-column fixed-column
wire electrical discharge machines (wire EDM) laser cutting machines
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