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1. B。主旨题。根据 The market is a concept 及后面通过买和卖的具体事例来诠释市场这个概念，由此可知B为正确答案。
2. C。细节题。根据When you spend your income, you are buying things from the market，选项C(上夜校读书)是花钱，故是 buying things from the market，而不是 producing for the market，由此可知 C 为答案。
3. D。细节题。 根据 When you spend your income, you are buying things from the market，答案 D(在餐厅款待朋友吃饭)当然是花钱，故选 D。
4. A。推断题。根据最后一段 But for each person or businessman who is making and selling something, it is real… It’s telling you that you are using energies and resources in doing something the market doesn’t want you to do 得知通过市场需求告诉市场生产者去生产什么，故 A 为正确选项。
(10)
When we walk through the city, we all experience a kind of information overload(超载) but we pay attention only to those that are important to us. We don’t stop, we keep our faces expressionless and eyes straight ahead, and in doing so, we are not just protecting ourselves but are avoiding overloading other people as well.
We make use of stereotypes(刻板的模式) as convenient ways to make quick judgments about situations and people around us. They may not always be accurate(精确的), and they can often be dangerously wrong, but they are used regularly.
The problem with the stereotypes is that they restrict(限制) experience. By using limited clues(线索) to provide us with a rapid opinion of other people or places we may choose to limit our communication. We may decide not to go to certain places because we believe they will not offer something we enjoy.
In the city, styles of dress are particularly important with regard to(关于) self-presentation. Different groups often use clearly identifiable(可辨认的) styles of clothes so that they can be easily recognized. It is becoming increasingly common for brand names to be placed on the outside of clothes, and this labeling(标签) makes it easy to send out information about fashion and price instantly(马上), and lets other tell at a distance whether an individual has similar tastes and is a suitable person to associate with.
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In England, where social grouping or class continues to make social distinctions(区分), clothes, hairstyles, people’s pronunciation and the manner of speaking are all clues to our social group. Class distinctions tend to be relatively fixed, although in the city where greater variety is permitted, they are more likely to be secondary determining factors of friendship and association.
1. People walking in cities ignore(忽略) the surroundings because _______. A. they do not wish to talk to other people B. everyone else is expressionless
C. the environment is already familiar to them D. there is too much information to take in
2. According to the passage, the main disadvantage of using stereotypes is that they _______. A. are likely to lead us into dangerous situations B. may make us miss some pleasant experience C. can rarely be relied on D. make us mentally lazy
3. From the passage we may conclude that _______. A. stereotypes can help to understand people fully B. people are becoming more interested in fashion C. dressing can send messages about individuals D. stereotypes can do more harm than good to people 4. It would appear that in England, a person’s class _______. A. might be less important in making friends in a city B. is mainly determined by his pronunciation C. plays less of a role than it did in the past D. is something that can be changed easily
【答案解析】本文分析了日常生活中人们用刻板的模式去观察和判断周围的人和事的利弊。
1. D。细节题。根据第 1 段可知人们在行走时有意忽略周围的人和事有两个目的：一是为了保护自己，二是为了避免超载，据此选答案 D。
2. B。细节题。根据第 3 段The problem with the stereotypes is that they restrict experience…We may decide not to go certain places because we believe they will not offer
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something we enjoy 可知有时有可能错过我们喜欢的事情，据此选 B。
3. C。推断题。根据 In the city, styles of dress are particularly important with regard to self-presentation. Different groups often use clearly identifiable styles of clothes so that they can be easily recognized 得知服装可传达个人的信息，由此选答案 C。
4. A。细节题。根据最后一段 Class distinctions tend to be relatively fixed, although in the city where greater variety is permitted, they are more likely to be secondary determining factors of friendship and association 可知社会阶层在决定交友和社会交往方面是处于次要地位，据此选答案 A。
(11)
“Wanted by the FBI.” To the murderer, or the bank robber, these are the most frightening words in the world. When the criminal(罪犯) hears them, he knows that six thousand trained persons are after him.
Why should he be so afraid? There are hundreds of cities and thousands of villages where he can hide. There are large forests and deserts where he can lose himself. Besides, he’s usually rich with stolen money.
Money can make it easier to hide. With money, the criminal can pay a dishonest doctor to operate on his face and make him hard to recognize. Money can pay for a hideout in some far-off place. But the criminal knows what happened to public enemies such as John Dillinger, Baby Face Nelson, and Machine Gun Kelly. They had plenty of money and good hideouts. Yet one by one they were found by the men of the FBI.
They know every trick the criminal knows and many more. If he makes just one mistake, they’ll get him. That’s why the man who is hunted can’t sleep. That’s why he becomes nervous, why he jumps at every sound. When he makes a mistake, he’ll no longer be “wanted by the FBI”. He’ll have been caught.
The FBI began on May 10, 1924. Attorney General Harlan F. Stone chose J. Eegar Hoover, a young lawyer in the Department of Justice, to head the new agency(机构). “What we need is a wholly new kind of police force,” he said. “Criminals today are smart. They use stolen cars and even planes to make their gateways. They have learned to open any lock. The criminal would have
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discovered science. We can’t beat them with old methods. We have to train officers to work scientifically.”
J. Edgar Hoover quietly went ahead with his plans. He picked his men carefully. They had to be between the ages of twenty-five and thirty-five. He wanted only men with good manners and good character. When working as his officers they would have to meet all kinds of people. Hoover wanted men who could handle a teacup as well as a gun. He chose men so carefully that he made the FBI the hardest service in the world to get into. The FBI cannot help in every police problem. It can look into only certain crimes against the government. Solving all other crimes is the duty of local police forces.
1. A man wanted by the FBI will find that money is _______. A. not at all useful
B. only helpful for a while
C. necessary for staying free D. important and useful
2. Before he worked with the FBI, J. Edgar Hoover was a _______. A. policeman
B. lawyer
C. teacher
D. general
3. The FBI was begun in order to _______. A. reduce crimes
B. bring younger men into police work
C. fight crimes scientifically D. offer jobs
4. A man who can “handle a teacup as well as a gun” has both _______. A. courage and manners C. wisdom and energy
B. strength and kindness D. ability and humor
【答案解析】本文介绍了美国联邦调查局(FBI)产生的历史背景，成员的高素质及它的强大的工作能力。
1. B。推断题。根据第三段可知有钱能使罪犯化妆难于辨认，有钱能在偏僻的地方找一个躲藏地，但以往罪犯的历史告诉他们这种用途只是暂时的，由此可见 B 为正确答案。
2. B。细节题。根据Attorney General Harlan F. Stone chose J. Eegar Hoover, a young lawyer in the Department of Justice 可知他在FBI工作前是一名律师，故选 B。
3. C。细节题。根据 The criminal would have discovered science. We can’t beat them with old methods. We have to train officers to work scientifically 可知罪犯已掌握了高科技，地方警察用常规方法已无法打败他们，于是FBI产生了，并运用高科技与之作战，故选C。
4. A。细节题。根据 He wanted only men with good manners and good character: When
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working as his officers they would have to meet all kinds of people. Hoover wanted men who could handle a teacup as well as a gun 由此可知答案选 A。
(12)
Please be advised that Nairobi like any other large city has a security and crime problem. However, if you observe the following simple guidelines you will have a trouble-free stay here:
1. Do not wear a money belt. This makes you an instant target.
2. Cameras of all kinds are a favourite with snatchers. Feel free to use them within the Starehe Campus and the hotel grounds but not in the streets.
3. Ladies’ handbags are also a regular snatch. Avoid carrying one, and if you must, be alert and hold on to it tightly.
4. Jewellery and even glasses with valuable frames are also often targeted. Bear this in mind. 5. When in a vehicle keep the doors always locked, and the windows only slightly open — especially at traffic lights, junctions and in slow moving traffic.
6. Beware of street children, their begging often quickly transforms into something more unpleasant.
7. Stay with the main party all the time, and avoid wandering off on your own.
8. Finally, the best defence is to be alert at all times and conscious of your environment. Should you have any problem or need help at any hour of the day or night, call any of the following and they will do their best for you:
Office fixed, home fixed and mobile phones ● Kenndy Hongo 763856 761221 763182 761294 ● Fred Okono 761221 764988 604490
● Edwin Otieno 761221 761642 763011 701279 1. This selection must be delivered by _______. A. the Nairobe city government B. the police of the Nairobe Airport C. the organizer of the seminar D. Kennedy Hong, a detective
2. After reading this notice, visitors to Nairobe might gain an impression that _______.
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