中小学生英语语法大全(3)

2019-04-09 16:27

1)in:在??之内,用于表示静止的位置 The students are in the classroom. 学生们在教室里。 注意

out of?与from的区别

表示“由内往外”的动作时’用out of;表示“从??起”(起点)时,使用from。 Tom went out of the room with Li Ming. 汤姆和李明走出房间。

The train is from Boston.这辆火车是从波士顿开来的。 2)into:进入

用于表示有特定终点的运动的方向。通常用于表示动作的动词之后,如:go,come,walk,run ??

The students run into the classroom.学生们跑进教室。 He jumped into the water.他跳入水中。

3)out of:和into 一样,也表示有一定的运动方向 The students rushed out of the room. 学生们冲出房间。

(7 )along,across,through 1)along:沿着

I was walking along the river when it began to rain, 我正沿着河边散步,突然下起雨来了。 2)across:横过

I often swim across the river. 我常游泳横渡这条河。 3)through:贯穿,通过

The river was through the city.这条河穿过这个城市。 (8 )to,for,from

1)to:到达??地点(目的地) 注意:

to与towards的区别 to:表示到达某地,(一般指目的地) towards:指方向、朝向,而不是目的地。 He walked to wards the gate of the park. 他朝着公园大门走去。(大门不是目的地)。 He came to Japan in 1980. 他1980年来到日本。 Tom has gone to school. 汤姆已经去学校了。 2)for:表示目的地,“向??” I'll leave for America next week. 下周我将动身去美国。

for表目的时,一般是和固定词搭配。 leave for 动身去?? start for 出发去??

3)from:从??地点起??

It's about ten minutes 'walk from here to the cinema.

从这儿到电影院大约需步行十分钟。

How tar is it from our school to the hospital? 从我们学校到医院有多远? IV其他介词

介词除了表示“时间”、“场所”以外,也表示“手段”、“材料”??等 (1 )表示手段和材料的介词用 with,in,by 1)with:和??在一起 比较

in和 with

用in,with表工具或方法时,在译成中文时区别不大,但在英语上的用法却不大相同。 a.用“with”时,后面的名词要加上冠词或代词。 with my ear用我的耳朵with a pencil用一支铅笔 b.用in时,后面加物质名词,不能加冠词。 in ink 用墨水 in pencil 用铅笔

Will you please go with me?你和我一起去好吗? c.具有、带有

He was a handsome boy with large bright eyes. 他是有着一双大眼睛的英俊男孩子。 d.用某工具或方法

Li Li cut her hand with a knife. 莉莉用刀把手弄破了。

I see with my eyes.我用眼睛看。 He wrote the letter with a new pen. 他用一支新钢笔写这封信。

2)in:表示用什么材料(例如用墨水、铅笔)等,或用什么语言,或者表示衣着、声调特点时,不用with,而用in。 She wrote a letter in black ink. 她用黑色的墨水写信。

Don't write it in pencil but in ink. 别用铅笔写,用钢笔(水)写。 3)by:通过??方法、手段 He goes to school by bicycle. 他骑自行车上学。

(2 )of,from 1)of:(属于)??的;表示??的数量或种类 This is a map of China.这是一幅中国地图。 Will you please give me a cup of tea? 请您给我一杯茶好吗?

2)from:来自(某地、某人);以??起始;(时间或地点) I'm from Nanjing.我是南京人。

I have got a letter from my friend.我收到了一封我朋友的来信。 比较:

make?of?与make?from?这两个词组都是“由?制成”的意思,它们的区别在于:如果

制造出来的东西还看得出原料是什么,用“make?of?”;看不出原料是什么,用“make?from?”。

The box is made of wood.这箱子是木料做的。

The paper is made from rice straw.这纸是用稻草造的。 (3) without,like,as

1)without:没有,是with的反义词 Men can't live without air and water. 人类没有空气和水不能生存。

I can't read the book without using a dictionary. 不用字典,我看不了这本书。

Please give me a cup of coffee without milk. 请给我一杯不加奶的咖啡。

Please give me a cup of coffee with milk. 请给我一杯加奶的咖啡。 2)like:像??一样

Nancy is just like her mother. 南希和她的妈妈一样。

前句还可写成 Nancy looks like her mother.(南希和她妈妈长得一样)。用look时,强调外表。 (3)as:作为

He is famous as a scientist here.

他在此地作为一个科学家而闻名。 (4 )against,about 1)against:反对;靠着

He is against the plan.(Li Ming) 他反对这个计划。(他反对李明)。

The teacher is standing against the blackboard. 老师正靠着黑板站着。

2)about:a.关于;各处;身旁 Tell me something about your life. 告诉我你的生活情况。 He looked about himself. 他向四处张望。

I have no money about(=with)me. 我身上没带钱。

b.询问某人某物的情况或提出建议 What about your sister? 你姐姐情况如何?

How about going to the park? 去公园怎么样? 注意

What about ??与How about??的用法没有区别。 (5)for , to

for表示“为了.”

to 表示动作对象, “对, 向”, 如:

He would do anything for his motherland.

Did you mention this to my father? 你对我父亲提起过这件事吗? for 表示“就某情况而说 ”, to 表示“对某对象而言”如: It’s quite warm today for February.就二月的天气,今天够暖和的。

What he told you just now was not new to me。他刚才对你所说的话对我并不新鲜。 for 表示“目的,用途”。与go, come 动词连用。 (6)except , besides

except 表示“从总体中排除一部分”, 与but 同义, besides 表示“除了一部分还有另一部分”

We all failed except him. 我们都失败了,但他没有。

He speaks German besides French.. 除法语外, 他还会讲英语。

(2)介词短语

介词和动词、形容词或名词相结合后,形成复合词,有特定的意思,应一一背诵。将介词短语分类如下:

3.介词+名词 (at home,on foot,in time) 1)动词+介词 talk about(sth.):谈论某事

They are talking about their school. 他们正在谈论他们的学校。 2)talk to sb.(=talk with sb.):和某人谈论 Don't talk to your desk mate,Li Ming. 李明,不要和你的同桌说话。 3)look at:注视

She looked at the blackboard,but saw nothing. 4)listen to:倾听

I listened to him,but heard nothing. 我注意听他说话,但什么也听不见。 5)call on(sb.):拜访

He called on his uncle yesterday. 昨天他看望了他的叔叔。 6)arrive at(in):到达

We arrived at the station at noon.我们中午到达车站。 We arrived in Beijing last year.我们去年到(达)北京。 注意

arrive at(in)中的介词at用于比较小的地方。in用于比较大的地方。 口语中常用get to代替arrive at(in)。

I'll get to the factory at three.我将在三点钟到工厂。 7)take care of:照顾

The old men were taken good care of. 老人们受到了很好的照顾。 8)wait for:等待

I'll wait for you until eight o'clock. 我等你到八点钟。

9)look for:寻找

I looked for my watch every place but I didn't find it. 我到处找我的表,但是没找到。 其他重要的介词短语

speak to 和??说话 stay with 和某人呆在一起 think about 考虑有关?? write to 给某人写信 2 )be动词+形容词+介词 1.be kind to:对某人亲切

His step-mother was kind to him. 他的继母对他很好。

2.be good at:在??做得好;擅长于??

Are you good at speaking English?你英语说得好吗? 3.be late for:迟到

He is always late for school.他上学总是迟到。

4.be afraid of:害怕??The boy isn't afraid of big dogs. 5.be sorry for(sth.):为??抱歉

I'm sorry for being late.抱歉,我迟到了。

3) 介词+名词

1.at:at home 在家 at school 在学校

at least 至少 at present 目前 at first 起初 at once 立刻 at last 最后(终于) at night 夜晚 语词互换

be good at=can?well他游泳游得很好。 He is good at swimming.

He can swim well be full of=be filled with 箱子里都是(装满了)苹果。 The box is full of apples. The box is filled with apples. 2.on:

on foot 步行 on one’s way 在去某地的路上 on the telephone 用电话 on time 准时 3.for:

for a while 一会儿 for example 例如for oneself 为了自己 for hours(days, years)有好几小时(天,年) 4.in:

in English 用英语 in those days在当时 in class 课上 in time 及时 5.by:

by the way 顺便说 by oneself 独自地


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