7．blame vt.责备；谴责；把……归咎于n.过失；责备 [教材原句] It seemed that the water was to blame. 看来水是罪魁祸首。 (1)blame sb. for sth./doing sth. blame sth.on sb. be to blame (for) (2)put/lay the blame for sth. on ... [多角练透] 对比填空(for/on)
①She blamed her husband for the failure of their marriage. ②She blamed the failure of their marriage on her husband.
③She laid the blame for the failure of their marriage on her husband. 补全句子
④I am_not_to_blame_for my laziness, mum. I'm what you have made me. 妈妈，你不该责备我懒惰。我这么懒也是你娇惯出来的。
[名师指津] be to blame短语中blame不能用被动形式，该短语为主动形式表示被动含义。
8．instruct vt.命令；指示；教导
[教材原句] The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more.
供水公司得到指示，再也不能让人们接触受污染的水了。 (1)instruct sb. to do sth. instruct sb. in (doing) sth. (2)instructive adj. instruction n. [多角练透] 单句语法填空
①With the teacher instructing (instruct) them, the students have made great progress in English.
②You must read the instructions (instruct) before taking the medicine. 一句多译
这些学生需要一位老师来指导他们绘画。
③The students need a teacher to instruct_them_to_paint. ④The students need a teacher to instruct_them_in_painting.
命令某人做某事 指导某人(做)某事 指示性的；有教育意义的 指令；说明(常用复数) 为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事 把某事归咎于某人 应(为……)承担责任；该(为……)受责备 将某事归咎于……
9．contribute vt.& vi.贡献；捐助；捐献；投稿
[高考佳句] Located where the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction. (2017·江苏高考单选)
位于“丝绸之路经济带”和“21世纪海上丝绸之路”交汇处，江苏将会为“一带一路”的建设做出更大的贡献。
(1)contribute sth. to ... contribute to (2)contribution n. 把某物捐献给…… 有助于；导致；投稿 捐献；贡献；稿件 make a contribution/contributions to对 ……做出贡献 [多角练透] 单句语法填空
①Everyone is willing to contribute food and clothes to the homeless people.
②Your contribution (contribute) will certainly make the event a huge success.(2014·辽宁高考满分作文)
单句改错
③Besides, consulting our teachers can contribute to solve the problems.solve→solving 单句写作
④如果你想往我们报纸投稿，请在最后期限前把文章寄给我。(2015·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文) If_you_want_to_contribute_to_our_newspaper,_please send me your article before the deadline.
[联想发散] 表示“引起；导致；有助于”的词语还有：cause, lead to, result in, bring about等。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．We discussed the problem many times, but still could come to no conclusion (conclude)． 2．His son is very naughty and has formed some bad habits. I think he should cure him of them.
3．When linked (link) to the subway, the city will be easy to get access to. 4．It was_announced (announce) that our team took the first place. 5．I tried to follow the instructions (instruct), but I got confused. 6．They invited all their relatives to_attend (attend) their wedding. 7．Mary was_rejected (reject)by the university she applied to last year. 8．We explained our plans and he was very enthusiastic (enthusiasm) about them. Ⅱ.单句改错
1．When I said I ran faster than her, she challenged to me to a race.去掉第一个to_ 2．Participating in the contest will be a golden chance for me to show my dancing skills and make contribution to the class.contribution→contributions或在其前面加a 3．Please announce students that the holidays will begin next Monday.announce后加to 4．I always have so many things to attend when I come back to the company after a trip abroad.attend后加to 5．She suspected him with telling lies and never trusted him again.with→of 6．People might be cautious about believe this statement.believe→believing 7．The bridge under the construction will be open to public next year.去掉the 8．Although defeating in the match, we didn't lose heart.defeating→defeated Ⅲ.一句多译
1．如果年轻人每天都处于嘈杂的音乐中，他们很可能有变聋的危险。
①Young people may risk going deaf if they are_exposed_to_very_loud_music every day. ②If exposed_to_very_loud_music every day, young people may risk going deaf.(省略句) ③Being_exposed_to_very_loud_music every day makes it possible for young people to risk going deaf.(动名词作主语)
2．汤姆专心于工作，忘记了通知她这件事。
①Tom was so absorbed_in_his_work that he forgot to inform her of it.(absorb)
②So_absorbed_was_Tom_in_his_work that he forgot to inform her of it.(用so ... that ...倒装句)
③Absorbed_in_his_work,_Tom forgot to inform her of it.(过去分词短语作状语) 3．他把考试失败归咎于老师。
①He_blamed_the_failure_of_his_exam_on_the_teacher.(blame ... on) ②He_blamed_the_teacher_for_the_failure_of_his_exam.(blame ... for)
③He_put/laid_the_blame_for_the_failure_of_his_exam_on_the_teacher.(blame n．)
二、过短语、句式——学通学活靓人一眼
1．put forward 提出
[教材原句] Who put forward a theory about black holes? 谁提出的黑洞理论？
[一词多义] 写出下列句中put forward的含义
①We've put the date of their wedding forward by one week.将……提前
②It was Stephen Hawking that put forward a theory about black holes.提出 ③You ought to put your watch forward by ten minutes.将表向前拨 ④Can I put you forward as our club secretary？提名；推荐 [归纳拓展] put away put aside put up put through put up with 把……收拾好；整理；储蓄 把……放到一边；储存 搭建；张贴；为……提供住宿 接通电话；完成 容忍；忍受 Encourage children to put aside some of their pocket money to buy Christmas presents. 鼓励孩子们存下一部分零花钱来购买圣诞礼物。 2．make sense有意义；有道理；讲得通
[教材原句] Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.
只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。 (1)make sense of make no sense (2)in a sense in no sense [多角练透] 同义替换
①See, your computer has broken down again! It isn't reasonable (＝doesn't_make_sense) to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.
②We read it through, but could not understand (＝make_sense_of) it. 句型转换
③You should lose heart in no sense; keep trying and you will make it sooner or later. →In_no_sense_should_you_lose_heart;_keep trying and you will make it sooner or later.(倒装句)
3．neither ...nor ...“既不……也不……” Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. 人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。 (1)neither ...nor ...连接句中两个相同的句子成分。连接并列主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则。
①Neither the teacher nor the students are content with the result.
理解；明白 没意义；没道理 在某一方面；就某种意义来说 决不(用在句首时，句子用部分倒装)
老师和学生们都对这个结果不满意。
②Neither my wife nor I myself was able to persuade my daughter to change her mind and finally she joined in the game.
我妻子和我本人都没能说服女儿改变主意，最终她参加了这个比赛。 (2)遵循“就近原则”的其他并列连词 either ... or ... not only ... but (also) ... not ... but ... 不是……就是…… 不但……而且…… 不是……而是…… ③Not only John and Tom but also their sister, Mary, takes (take) great interest in the piano lessons.
不但约翰和汤姆，而且他们的姐姐玛丽也对钢琴课非常感兴趣。
④Either you or one of your students is (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 要么是你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。 4．every time引导时间状语从句 So many thousands of terrified people died every_time there was an outbreak. 所以每次爆发霍乱时，都有成千上万惊恐的人病死。 名词词组作连词用，引导时间状语从句的还有： (1)由time构成的名词词组：each time, the first/last time, next time, any time等 (2)the＋瞬间名词：the minute, the instant, the moment等，意为“一……就……” ①Something is learned every/each_time a book is opened. 开卷有益。
②The_first_time he came to the city, he decided to settle there. 他第一次来到那个城市，他就决定在那里安家。 ③You are welcome to come back any_time you want to. 你什么时候想回来，我们都欢迎。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Apart from its low price, the advantage of this car lies in its good quality. 2．The weather was even colder with the wind blowing (blow).
3．After the meeting, they will meet privately (private) with one another to discuss further plans.
4．He ran so quickly that we all couldn't catch up with him. 5．He said that neither he nor his parents had_seen (see) the film.