Unit One
Text A History of the English Language V. Building your vocabulary A. bi (two)
tri (three) tetra (four) penta (five)
hexa (six)
The prefixes above are found in many English words, such as bisect (cut in two), tricolor (of three colors), and tetragon (four-sided figure). The words in Column II have the prefix bi-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, or hexa-. Find the word in Column II that fits each definition in Column I.
I
1. coming twice a year 2. a group of four musical notes 3. figure with three angles 4. rule by four persons 5. figure with five sides 6. cut into three parts 7. figure with six sides 8. having five angles 10. rule by six persons
II a. tetrachord 2 b. trisect 6 c. bicycle 9 d. tetrarchy 4 e. triangle 3 f. hexagon 7 g. pentagon 5 h. biannual 1 j. pentangular 8
9. two-wheeled vehicle i. hexarchy 10
B. An idiom is an accepted phrase or expression that does not mean literally what it says.
He washed his hands of the matter.
Wash one’s hands of is an idiom meaning “refuse to take responsibility for” or “refuse to be concerned further about.” This meaning is different from the meaning of wash plus the meaning of hands.
Read the following idioms built on the word hand. Fill in the blanks with the idiom that best fits each sentence.
by hand hand to mouth in hand
hand in glove lift a hand at hand second hand hand over hand-me-down with a heavy hand 1. He dispensed his hospitality with a (an) open hand.
2. The federal agents worked hand in glove with the local police. 3. Many primitive tribes must lead a hand to mouth existence. 4. This coverlet is an heirloom; my grandmother made it by hand. 5. The situation is well in hand.
6. The judge instructed him to hand over the evidence he had withheld. 7. He would not lift a hand to help me.
8. My dress once belonged to my sister; it is a hand-me-down. 9. It was a great bargain because we bought it second hand. 10. He ruled his country with a heavy hand. 11. I like to keep a dictionary always at hand. Text B The Future of English V. Building your vocabulary
A. multi (many; more than two; many times more than)
mega (large; great; powerful; a million times) omni (all; every)
A knowledge of these prefixes will provide you with a key to the meaning of many unfamiliar words. Use the prefix multi-, mega-, or omni- to complete each word so that it fits the definition. 1. megaphone (large, cone-shaped device for magnifying the voice) 2. megacycle (one million cycles, as in radio) 3. omnipresent (existing everywhere) 4. multiply (cause to increase in number)
5. megalomania (delusions of grandeur and power) 6. omniscient (knowing everything)
7. megaton (force equal to the explosion of a million tons of TNT) 8. multimillionaire (a millionaire many times over) 9. multitude (a crowd of many persons)
B. An idiom is an accepted phrase or expression that does not mean literally what it says. “They had a heart-to-heart talk” does not mean that their hearts conversed with each other. It means that they had a candid, frank discussion.
The idioms in Column II are built on the word heart. Find the idiom in Column II that best fits each meaning in Column I.
I
1. from memory 2. decide that one wants 3. as much as one desires 4. new attitude
II
a. break one?s heart 5 b. change of heart 4 c. have a heart 6 d. set one?s heart on 2 e. by heart 1
f. to one?s heart?s content 3 g. eat one?s heart out 9 i. from the heart 11
8. unwillingly
5. cause great grief or disappointment 6. be kind, sympathetic, or merciful 7. afraid; nervous
9. be overcome with grief; pine away 10. dear to one 11. sincerely Text C The Roles of English IV. Building your vocabulary
A. vorous (feeding on; eating)
parous (bringing forth; giving birth to) ferous (bearing; producing; yielding) aceous (of the nature of ; like)
h. with half a heart 8
j. heart in mouth 7 k. near one?s heart 10
A knowledge of these suffixes and combining forms will provide you with a key to the meaning of many unfamiliar words. Use -vorous, -parous, -ferous, or -aceous to complete each word so that it fits the definition.
1. omni_____ (eating everything) omnivorous 2. multi_____ (producing many children) multiparous 3. carbon_____ (resembling carbon) carbonaceous
4. herbi_____ (plant-eating) hebivorous 5. coni______ (bearing cones) coniferous 6. vivi_____ (bearing living young) viviparous 7. herb_____ (plantlike) herbaceous 8. odori_____ (giving off an odor) odoriferous 9. carni_____ (flesh-eating) carnivorous
10. carboni_______(yielding carbon) carboniferous
B. An idiom is an accepted phrase or expression that does not mean literally what it says. “John put out the fire” does not mean that John pushed the fire outside; it means that he extinguished it.
Read the following idioms, built on the word put. Fill in the blanks with the idioms that best fits each sentence.
put up with put across put upon put on put up put off put down put in put forth 1. He is looking for backers to put up the money for his project. 2. He will have to put up with this situation until conditions change. 3. The rebellion was put down after reinforcements arrived. 4. He used examples to put across his idea. 5. Perhaps you can put off that job until tomorrow. 6. The trees are beginning to put forth their leaves. 7. Her haughty air is merely put on. 8. May I put in a word?
9. She feels put upon because they took advantage of her kindness. Unit Two
Text A What women want now V. Building your vocabulary
A. The suffixes -ory, -ary, -arium, and -orium all mean “a place for.”
The words in Column II have the prefix -ory, -ary, -arium, or -orium. Find the word in Column II that fits each definition in Column I.
I
II
1. place for sunbathing
a. auditorium 4 b. granary 9
2. place for observation, often astronomical 3. place where aquatic animals are displayed 4. place for listening
5. place where books are kept 6. place for work, usually scientific
c. laboratory 6
e. aquarium 3 f. conservatory 8
d. planetarium 10
7. place where criminal are confined 9. place where grain is stored
g. solarium 1 h. observatory 2
i. penitentiary 7
8. room enclosed in glass, for preserving growing plants
10. place where models of the solar system are displayed j. library 5
I am on to his tricks.
B. An idiom is an accepted phrase or expression that does not mean literally what it says.
On to is an idiom meaning “aware of.” This meaning is different from the meaning of on plus the meaning of to. The idioms in Column II are built on the word on or off. Find the idiom in Column II that fits each meaning in Column I.
I
1. not continuously 2. prompt 3. put off! take off! remove! 4. continuously; at great length 5. go away! depart! 6. and more like the preceding 7. in error; mistaken 8. watch departure
V. Building your vocabulary A. micro (small)
macro (large) magna, magni (great)
II
a. and so on 6 b. on and off 1
c. on and on 4
d. on time 2 e. see off 8
f. off with 3 g. off with you 5
h. off the mark 7
Text B Secret Wealth vs. “for Richer, for Poorer”
A knowledge of these pre fixes will provide you with a key to the meaning of many unfamiliar words. Use the prefix micro-, macro-, magna-, or magni- to complete each word so that it fits the definition. 1. microscopic (minute; not visible to the naked eye) 2. magnificent (splendid; imposingly beautiful) 3. microbe (very tiny living thing; germ) 4. macrocosm (the wide world; the universe)
5. macroscopic (visible without the aid of a microscope) 6. magnanimous (having a great soul; generous)
7. micrometer (instrument for measuring minute distances) 8. magnitude (importance; influence; greatness of size)
9. macrophysics (branch of physics dealing with masses that can be seen)
B. An idiom is an accepted phrase or expression that does not mean literally what it says.
They made do with what they had.
Make do is an idiom meaning “manage” or “get along.” This meaning is different from the meaning of make plus the meaning of do. The idioms in Column II are built on the word up. Find the idiom in Column II that fits each meaning in Column I.
I
1. prepared to fight
II a. made up 6 b. put up with 7 c. up in arms 1 d. up for 8 e. up on 3 f. up to 4 g. up and doing 5 h. up against 2
2. facing; confronted with 3. well informed about 4. occupied with 5. busy; active 6. improvised; invented 7. tolerate 8. under consideration for IV. Building your vocabulary
A. mania (madness for)
phobia (dread of; hatred for) algia (pain)
Text C Feminine and Masculine Communication Cultures
itis (inflammation)
A knowledge of these suffixes and combining forms will provide you with a key to the meaning of many unfamiliar words. Use -mania, -phobia, -algia, or -itis to complete each word so that it fits the definition. 1. photophobia (aversion to light) 2. neuritis (inflammation of a nerve)
3. monomania (excessive interest in one thing) 4. appendicitis (inflammation of the appendix) 5. egomania (abnormally excessive love of the self) 6. laryngitis (disease characterized by hoarseness) 7. nostalgia (homesickness)
8. phobophobia (fear of one?s own fears) 9. neuralgia (pain in a nerve)
10. claustrophobia (fear of being closed in)
B. An idiom is an accepted phrase or expression that does not mean literally what it says. An open city is not merely a city whose gates are not closed; it is a city that is not defended from invasion in time of war. Read the following idioms built on the word open. Fill in the blanks with the idiom that best fits each sentence.
open up open to open mind open season open letter open air open-and-shut open-door open house 1. This is an open-and-shut case.
2. The candidate wrote an open letter to his opponent. 3. Many plants grow better in the open air than they do indoors. 4. It takes roads to open up new territories for settlers. 5. My decision is not final; I am open to suggestions. 6. A person with an open mind welcomes new ideas. 7. This is open season for deer hunting. 8. We always keep open house for our friends.
9. The policy of equal opportunity for all nations to trade with a given nation is called an open-door policy.
Unit Three
Text A When it comes to salt, no rights or wrongs V. Building your vocabulary
A. hyper (over; above; more than normal)
hypo (under; beneath; below; less than)
A knowledge of these prefixes will provide you with a key to the meaning of many unfamiliar words. Use the prefix hyper- or hypo- to complete each word so that it fits the definition. 1. hyperbole (an exaggeration)
2. hypogeal (of things below the earth?s surface) 3. hyperborean (of a far northren region) 4. hypercritical (overly critical)
5. hypocritical (pretending to be what one is not) 6. hypertonic (able to hear very high tones) 7. hypotonic (having abnormally low tone) 8. hypodermic (injected under the skin)