9. hypersensitive (excessively sensitive)
B. An idiom is an accepted phrase or expression that does not mean literally what it says. “He lost his head” does not mean that he misplaced his head. It means that he lost his self-control and became excited or flustered.
The idioms in Column II are built on the word head. Find the idiom in Column II that best fits each meaning in Column I.
I
1. not understandable 2. far superior to 3. understand 4. make one vain 5. remain calm 6. get a notion 7. be proud 8. keep oneself alive 9. insane; raving 10. be ashamed 11. by a small margin Your next computer V. Building your vocabulary
A. The prefixes mid- and med- come from the Latin word medius. They add the maning ??middle?? or ??middle
part of?? to the root words with which they are combined. The words in Column II have the prefix mid- or med-. Find the word in Column II that best fits each definition in Column I.
I
2. of only fair quality; commonplace
II
1. middle of a hundred-year period a. midstream 5
b. midcontinent 8
3. pertaining to the Middle Ages c. midcentury 1 4. middle state or degree d. midriff 9 5. in the center of a river e. mediocre 2 6. middle of the night f. midway 7 7. halfway g. medieval 3 8. interior of a large land mass h. midnight 6 9. middle part of the body i. medium 4
B. An idiom is an accepted phrase or expression that does not mean literally what it says. “He took up with a
bad crowd” does not mean that he helped a bad crowd lift something. It means that he became involved with a bad crowd.
The idioms in Column II are built on the word take. Find the idiom in Column II that best fits each meaning in Column I.
I
1. to be, act, or look like
2. become offended at
II a. take back 3 b. take for 5 c. take on 9 e. take after 1
II
a. turn one?s head 4 b. keep one?s head 5 c. make head or tail of 3 d. over one?s head 1 e. take it into one?s head 6 f. by a head 11 g. hang one?s head 10 h. out of one?s head 9 i. hold one?s head high 7 j. head and shoulders above 2 k. keep one?s head above water 8
3. retract; regain possession of 5. regard as; consider as
4. dismantle; remove from a higher place d. take it lying down 7
6. cheat; trick; deceive 7. submit without protest 8. leave the ground 9. begin to do; undertake 11. assume control
Text C Global warming IV. Building your vocabulary
A. circum (around)
trans (over; across; through)
f. take one?s time 10 g. take down 4 i. take amiss 2 k. take off 8
h. take in 6
10. be slow; delay j. take over 11
The prefixed above are found in many English words, such as circumstances (facts that surround an act) and transcontinental (across the continent).
The words in Column II have the prefix circum- or trans-. Find the word in Column II that fits each definition in Column I.
I 1. can be seen through
II
a. transport 7
2. distance around something 3. draw a line around 4. round about way of saying 5. make over 6. across the Alps 7. carry across or over 8. sail around
b. circumference 2 c. transparent 1 d. transalpine 6 e. transform 5 f. circumlocution 4 g. circumnavigate 8 h. circumscribe 3
B. An idiom is a phrase or expression that has an accepted meaning different from its literal meaning. Idioms
have various origins; many have entered current speech from the language peculiar to an occupation, profession, locality, or sport.
The idioms in Column II have all come into accepted usage from the American West. Find the idiom in Column II that best fits each definition in Column I.
I
1. assert one?s right or title to 2. become successful suddenly 3. intercept; cause to stop or turn 5. be killed while fighting
II a. round up 6 b. strike it rich 2
c. ride herd on 7
e. head off 3 f. pan out 9
g. take the bull by the horns 4
i. lay claim to 1
4. face and deal boldly with a danger or difficulty d. beat to the draw 8 6. drive together; assemble 7. keep guard over; control 9. succeed; turn out well
Unit Four
Text A The open window V. Building your vocabulary
A. The suffixes –et, -let, and –en are diminutives; they add the meaning of “little” or “small” to the words with
which they are combined. A packet is a small package; a coverlet is a small cover; a kitten is a small cat.
8. do something sooner than someone else h. die with one?s boots on 5
The words in Column II have the diminutive suffixes. Find the word in Column II that fits each definition in Column I.
I 2. insect with a small horn or stinger
II a. mitten 4 b. rivulet 8 d. maiden 3 e. booklet 6 f. duckling 9 g. hornet 2 h. facet 5 i. eaglet 7
1. small tower 3. girl or young unmarried woman 4. small glove 5. one of a number of small surfaces
6. small volume 7. young eagle 8. little stream 9. young duck
c. turret 1
B. An idiom is a phrase or expression that has an accepted meaning different from its literal meaning. Idioms
have various origins; many have entered current speech from the language peculiar to an occupation, profession, locality, or sport.
The idioms in Column II are some of the many which originated on farms or in rural areas. Find the idiom in Column II that fits each definition in Column I.
I
1. to be master
II
a. put the cart before the horse 8 b. rule the roost 1
2. precipitating heavily
3. tend to one?s own affairs c. come home to roost 9 e. plow a lonely furrow 7 f. raining pitchforks 2
4. a difficult task or situation d. have all one?s eggs in one basket 6 5. not having chosen a side 6. have all one?s interests
concentrated on one thing
7. proceed on a course alone g. on the fence 5 8. do things backward h. hard row to hoe 4 9. have repercussion; boomerang Text B Pride and prejudice V. Building your vocabulary
A. The Latin word luminare and lustrare both mean ??to light; to shine; to illustrate.?? They are roots for many
English words, appearing as lumin and lustr.
The words in Column II have the root lumin or lustr. Find the word in Column II that best fits each definition in Column I.
I
1. shining 3. famous person
2. artist who draws pictures for books
II
a. Illustrious 5 b. illuminate 7
c. lustrous 1
i. hoe one?s own row 3
4. causing or bringing light d. Illustrator 2 5. very distinguished e. luminary 3 6. light f. luminiferous 4 7. make light ; light up g. illumination 6 8. picture made for a book 9. something that gives light
h. Illuminant 9 i. illustration 8
B. An idiom is a phrase or expression that has an accepted meaning different from its literal meaning. Idioms have various origins; many have entered current speech from the language peculiar to an occupation, profession, locality, or sport.
The idioms in Column II are some that originated in nautical usage. Find the idiom in Column II that best fits each definition in Column I.
I II
1. with stand or endure successfully 2. uncertain; bewildered 3. reveal one?s true self 4. begin vigorously 5. keep away from
a. at sea 2
b. get one?s sea legs 7
c. steer clear of 5 d. sail against the wind 9 e. sail into 4
6. become entangled with f. show one?s colors 3 g. walk the plank 8 h. fall afoul of 6 i. ride out 1
7. become accustomed to something 8. be forced to resign a position 9. work under difficulties
Text C A Clean, well-lighted place IV. Building your vocabulary
A. dict (speak)
clued (close) tend (stretch)
These Latin roots are combined with many different word parts in English words. Combine each word part on the left with dict, clude, and tend to make nine words that fit the definitions below. pre
in clude dict tend e, ex
1. keep or leave out exclude 2. have in mind as purpose intend 3. stretch out; reach extend 4. contain; comprise include 5. official proclamation; decree edict 6. foretell predict
7. shut out or hinder, especially in advance prelude 8. make believe; claim falsely pretend 9. charge with a crime; accuse indict
B. An idiom is an accepted phrase or expression that does not mean literally what it says. “He flew into a rage”
does not mean that he traveled through the air. It means that he had a violent outburst of anger.
The idioms in Column II are built on the word fly. Find the idiom in Column II that best fits each meaning in Column I.
I
II
1. financially unsound; not trustworthy 2. shoot or throw (at) 3. defy or oppose openly 4. attack suddenly; spring at
a. fly in the face of 3
b. fly-by-night 1 d. on the fly 5 c. fly at 4 e. let fly 2
5. while in motion; in a hurry
Unit Five
Text A The new science of happiness V. Building your vocabulary
A. The roots lev and grav come from the Latin words levis and gravis.
levis (light; slight; trivial)
gravis (heavy; weighty; serious; important; severe; grievous)
Use the root lev or grav to complete each word so that it fits the definition. 1. grave (requiring serious thought; of a threatening nature) 2. alleviate (lighten; make less hard to bear) 3. levitate (rise in the air because of lightness) 4. levity (trifling gaiety; unseemly frivolity) 5. gravimetry (the measurement of weight) 6. gravity (solemnity; enormity) 7. aggravate (make more burdensome)
B. An idiom is an accepted phrase or expression that does not mean literally what it says.
He didn?t make it to work on time.
Make it is an idiom meaning “arrive successfully.” This meaning is different from the meaning of make plus the meaning of it.
Read the following idioms built on the word make. Write the idiom that best fits each sentence.
make a meal of make up make or break make much of
make off with
make for make out
make do make-believe
1. People exaggerate when they make much of small things. 2. Children love to play make-believe games. 3. He can make a meal of crackers and cheese.
4. He has a chance to show whether or not he has talent; this job will make or break him. 5. The watchman was asleep and let the thieves make off with some valuable equipment. 6. It is difficult to make out his handwriting. 7. We must make do with what we have. 8. Many instruments make up an orchestra. 9. A tired swimmer should make for land. Text B The values Americans live by (I) V. Building your vocabulary
A. homo (same)
hetero (different)
A knowledge of these prefixes will provide you with a key to the meaning of many unfamiliar words.Use the prefix home- or hetero- to complete each word so that it fits the definition. 1. homocentric (sharing a common center)
2. heterodox (departing from usual beliefs or established doctrines) 3. heterogeneous (assorted)
4. heterochromatic (having contrasting colors) 5. homochromatic (having the same color) 6. heteromorphic (having various forms)
7. homogenize (make uniform by breaking down and reblending)