8. homographs (words that are spelled alike)
9. homonyms (words that sound alike but have different spellings)
B. An idiom is an accepted phrase or expression that does not mean literally what it says.
She threw cold water on the project.
Throw cold water on is an idiom meaning “discourage” or “kill enthusiasm for.”
The idioms in Column II are built on the word throw. Find the idiom in Column II that best fits each meaning in Column I. I 1. engage in with vigor 2. give up; abandon; jilt 3. fail to make use of 4. add free of charge 5. rely on for support 6. revert to ancestral type 7. obstruct by interference 8. assemble carelessly 9. remove all restrictions IV. Building your vocabulary
A. The prefix syn- comes from the Greek word syn, meaning “with.” It is used with many English words to
lend them the meanings “with; together”; “at the same time”; “by means of.” Syn changes to syl before l
sym before m, p, and b sys sometimes before t
Use the correct form of the prefix syn- to complete the words in Column II, and find the word in Column II that fits each definition in Column I.
I
II
systematic 8 synonyms 9
1. letters pronounced together 2. regulate clocks and other mechanisms to make them agree 3. made of a chemical mixture; not natural 4. conference for discussion on one particular subject
5. place where people come together to worship 6. condition that is indicative of a disease 7. long composition for full orchestra 8. orderly; methodical
syllable 1 symphony 7 synthetic 3 symposium 4 symptom 6
synchronize 2 synagogue 5
II
a. throw away 3 b. throw oneself into 1 c. throw oneself upon 5 d. throw open 10 e. throw over 2 f. throw together 9 g. throw back 6 h. throw in 4
i. throw a monkey wrench into 7
Text C The values Americans live by (II)
9. words with the same or similar meanings It is as good as lost.
B. An idiom is an accepted phrase or expression that does not mean literally what it says.
As good as is an idiom meaning “nearly” or “practically.” The idioms in Column II are built on the word good. Find the idiom in Column II that best fits each meaning in Column I.
I
1. very; entirely
II
a. come to no good 6
2. useless; worthless 3. as a profit 4. able to pay or give 5. large quantity 6. end in failure 7. kind; generous 8. repay for; replace 9. permanently; finally Unit Six
Text A Why we’re superstitious V. Building your vocabulary
b. for good and all 9
c. good and 1 d. make good 8 f. to the good 3 g. good deal 5
e. no good 2
h. good-hearted 7 i. good for 4
A. The Greek word helios and the latin word sol are equivalents of the Anglo-Saxon word sunne, meaning ??sun.?? Appearing as helio and sol, they form the roots for many English words.
The words in Column II have the root helio or sol. Find the word in Column II that best fits each definition in Column I.
I 1. sunshade
2. sun worship
II a. solar 5 b. heliocentric 8
3. instrument for measuring sunlight 5. of the sun
c. solarize 9 d. heliolatry 2
e. heliograph 3
4. treatment of disease by exposure to sunlight 6. point of a planet?s orbit closest to the sun 7. sunroom; glass-walled room 8. having the sun as a center
9. affect by exposing to sunlight
f. heliotherapy 4
g. perihelion 6
h. parasol 1 i. solarium 7
B. An idiom is a phrase or expression that has an accepted meaning different from its literal meaning. Idioms have various origins; many have entered current speech from the language peculiar to an occupation, profession, locality, or sport.
The idioms in Column II have all come into accepted usage from fields of sports. Find the idiom in Column II that best fits each definition in Column I.
I
1. stop one?s work or efforts in order to rest 2. be evasive with
3. be at a disadvantage 4. operate in a wide area
II
a. have two strikes against one 3
b. a run for one?s money 7 d. rest on one?s oars 1 c. play the game 9 e. strike out 8 f. play the field 4
g. fence with 2 h. pinch-hit 5
5. act as an emergency substitute 6. with any hold or approach 7. powerful competition 8. fail
9. act according to the rules Text B Religion and beliefs V. Building your vocabulary
i. catch a catch can 6
A. The Latin word calor and the Greek word therme both mean ??heat.?? They are roots for many English words. Usually they appear as cal and therm.
The words in Column II have the root cal or therm. Find the word in Column II that best fits each definition in Column I.
I
1. heat regulator 2. making warm 4. engine run by heat 5. producing heat
II
a. calorimetry 6 b. thermostat 1
c. scald 9 d. calefaction 2 e. thermal 8
3. of the heat produced by atomic fission
6. process of measuring heat 8. of heat; of warmth
f. calorific 5
h. thermomotor 4
7. science of the relation of heat to energy 9. pour boiling water on
g. thermonuclear 3
i. thermodynamics 7
B. An idiom is an accepted phrase or expression that does not mean literally what it says.
His expression gave him away.
Give away is an idiom meaning “betray” or “reveal.” This meaning is different from the meaning of give plus the meaning of away.
The idioms in Column II are built on the word give. Find the idiom in Column II that fits each meaning in Column I.
I
1. emit; issue 2. surrender to persuasion
3. hand over; transfer 4. surrender; abandon 5. cause to think 6. exchange on an equal basis 7. cause to be known; make public Text C The Santa within me IV. Building your vocabulary
A. The Latin word tempus and the Greek word chonos both mean ??time.?? They are roots for many English
words, appearing as temp and chron.
The words in Column II have the root temp or chron. Find the word in Column II that best fits each definition in Column I.
I
1. speed 2. in order of occurrence 3. period of bad weather 4. measurement of time 5. unpremeditated; 6. lasting a long time
II
b. chronometer 9 c. tempo 1 e. temporary 8 f. chronometry 4 a. tempest 3
8. return; restore
II
a. give and take 6 b. give back 7 c. give off 1 d. give in 8 e. give out 3 f. give over 4 g. give to understand 5 h. give up 2
d. chronological 2
not prepared ahead of time
7. of this world; of, or limited by, time 8. not permanent; for a time 9. device for measuring time
g. extemporaneous 5 h. chronic 6
i. temporal 7
B. An idiom is an accepted phrase or expression that does not mean literally what it says. “Change was in the air” does not mean that the air contained an alteration. It means that change was expected.
The idioms in Column II are built on the word air. Find the idiom in Column II that best fits each meaning in Column I.
I
II
1. act in an affected, superior manner 2. broadcasting or being broadcast 3. feel very happy
a. air castle 6
c. give oneself airs e. take the air 4 f. on the air 2
1
b. up in the air 5
d. walk on air 3
4. go out into the fresh air; go outdoors 5. undecided not settled 6. daydream
Unit Seven
Text A Universities Must Deliver More with Less V. Building your vocabulary
A. epi (over; on; among; outside; beside; besides; on the outside; preceding; front; forward)
iso (equal; similar; alike; identical)
A knowledge of these prefixes will provide you with a key to the meaning of many unfamiliar words. The words in Column II have the prefixes epi- and iso-. Find the word in Column II that best fits each definition in Column I.
I
1. having identical measurements equal side
3. spread of disease over a wide area c. epicenter 7 4. what is written on grave or tomb d. isogon 9 5. form of government in which all e. epidemic 3
have equal power
6. a terse, witty, pointed statement f. isotopes 8 7. spot just above the source of an g. epigram 6
earthquake
8. two forms of an element with the h. epitaph 4 same properties
9. figure with all sides equal i. isosceles 2
B. An idiom is an accepted phrase or expression that does not mean literally what it says. I?ll make him eat his words.
Eat one’s words is an idiom meaning “take back what one has said.”
The following idioms are based on the word word. Fill in the blanks with the idiom that best fits each sentence.
have a word with at a word word for word by word of mouth have words with have no words in a word man of his word of few words 1. Rumors usually spread by word of mouth. 2. He was ready to go at a word from me.
3. I would like to have a word with you if you have time.
II
a. isocracy 5
2. designating a triangle with two b. isometric 1
4. I have no words to express my gratitude.
5. I don?t wish to have words with him; I would like to avoid an argument. 6. My answer, in a word, is that I don?t know. 7. We can trust him; he is a man of his word.
8. She doesn?t say much; she is a woman of few words. 9. That is exactly what he said, word for word.
Text B Barack Obama on Education V. Word Building
A. Some roots that appear in many English words are
incend, incense (burn) ignis (fire) scintilla (spark) pyr (fire) ciner (ashes)
All of these come to English from Latin, with the exception of pyr, which is Greek. The words in Column II are based on the roots listed above. Find the word in Column II that fits each definition in Column I.
I
1. produced by fire or volcanic action 2. sparkle; twinkle 4. burn; reduce to ashes 5. causing or designed to cause fire
7. set fire to 8. pile of wood on which a dead body is burned 9. ashes
He is behind the times.
Behind the times is an idiom meaning “old-fashioned” or “dated”.
The idioms in Column II are built on the word time. Find the idiom in Column II that best fits each meaning in Column I.
I
1. at intervals 2. sooner than due 3. almost instantly 4. for the present 5. in turn; taking turns 6. exchange a few words 7. at the proper time 8. again and again Text C Back to School IV. Building your vocabulary
A. The Greek word phos and the Latin word lux both mean ??light.?? They are roots for many English words,
II
a. ahead of time 2 b. one at a time 5 c. for the time being 4 d. from time to time 1 e. in good time 3 f. on one?s own time 9 g. pass the time of day 6 h. time after time 8 i. in no time 7
II a. igneous 1 b. ignite 7 d. incinerate 4 e. scintillate 2
3. persistent compulsion to start destructive fires c. cinders 9
6. substance that gives off a sweet odor when burned f. pyre 8
g. pyromania 3 h. incendiary 5
i. incense 6
B. An idiom is an accepted phrase or expression that does not mean literally what it says.
9. during time for which one is not paid