滨州职业学院
BINZHOU VOCATIONAI COLLEGE
毕业论文
姓名 李国良 学号 6309041120
专业班级 2009级应用化工技术一班 系院名称 轻纺化工学院 指导老师 王婷
2011年6月15日
年产十万吨甘油的生产车间工艺设计
[摘要]:甘油,即丙三醇。具有吸湿性、保温性、高粘度、水溶性、无毒、有甜味、有三个羟基可制成一些衍生物等特性,是一种重要的化工原料。本设计为年产十万吨甘油的生产工艺设计。目前,在国内生产甘油又有多种方法,而本设计是由环氧氯丙烷法生产甘油工艺的设计;主要设计内容有原料的存储罐,以及生产过程如蒸发,换热等工序的计算。主要以物料衡算和热量衡算进行工艺计算和设备选型.在选型的基础上绘制了工艺流程图,主要设备装配图,车间设备立面图和全厂平面布置图。
Abstract: Glycerin, scientific name being glycerol, is an important light industry raw material, because of its characteristic of moisture absorption, heat preservation, heat viscosity, water-soluble, no-poison, taste sweet, bacterium resolve easily, and there are three hydroxyl groups could be made into derivatives. Technological of outputting 100,000 tons of glycerin process workshop per year are designed in this paper. There are many ways to produce glycerin, but the epichlorohydrin is adopted in this paper.The main design includes the calculations of raw material storage tank, and the process of production, such as evaporation and heat transfer. The calculations and equipment selections are completed through mass balance and heat balance, The engineering flow sheet, the main equipment assembling drawing, workshop appliance elevation drawing and floor plan of plant are completed also.
Key words: Epichlorohydrin; Glycerin, reactor; evaporation tower
目录
1概述 ................................................ 1
1.1甘油研究背景 ......................................... 1 1.1.1甘油性质和用途 .................................. 1 1.2.甘油的生产工艺 ....................................... 2 1.2.1 天然甘油的生产 .................................. 2 1.2.2合成甘油的生产 .................................. 3 1.2.3发酵甘油的生产 .................................. 4 1.3甘油发展现状 ......................................... 5 1.4甘油的市场分析 ....................................... 6 1.5甘油的发展前景 ...................................... 10 1.6本设计的任务以及选题意义 ............................. 11
2工艺说明 ........................................... 12
2.1主要生产甘油的工艺说明 ............................... 12 2.1.1油脂皂化制皂 ................................... 12 2.1.2天然油脂水解法 ................................. 12 2.1.3丙烯醛法 ....................................... 13 2.1.4 环氧氯丙烷法 ................................... 14 2.2 工艺流程方案........................................ 15 2.3 主要工艺参数说明 .................................... 16
3生产工艺设计计算 ................................... 16
3.1 主要化学反应........................................ 16 3.1.1 化学反应....................................... 16 3.1.2 化学反应物料衡算 ............................... 16
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3.2反应器的设计 ........................................ 17 3.2.1 反应釜体积计算 ................................. 17 3.2.2 反应釜直径和高度的计算.......................... 18 3.2.3 反应釜的热量衡算: ............................. 18 3.2.4第二个反应的反应器设计 .......................... 21
4 车间设备布置说明 ................................... 23
4.1 车间布置设计的意义 .................................. 23 4.2 车间布置的原则 ...................................... 23 4.3 车间设备布置........................................ 23 4.4 车间布置的任务 ...................................... 24 4.5 设备布置设计注意的问题 .............................. 24 4.5.1 露天化布置与室内布置 ........................... 24 4.5.2 生产流程化布置 ................................. 25 4.5.3 集中化布置 ..................................... 25 4.5.4 操作、安装与检修要求 ........................... 25 4.5.5 设备布置与厂房建筑 ............................. 26 4.5.6 设备布置与安全卫生 ............................. 26 4.6车间设备布置的方法与步骤 ............................. 26
5 总结 .............................................. 27 参考文献............................................. 28 致谢 ................................................ 29
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