Manipulator is now used as a industrial robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in industrial automation. Industrial automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in industrial automation as a separate subject. Manipulator application began to filter into welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other industries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases, high radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great use also brings great convenience to the staff. Precisely because of this robot to get people's attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intensive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroad to develop the PLC (programmable logic controller) is in various special circumstances and under special conditions set for mechanical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic control technology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC hardware software and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a factory automation standards. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capital, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardware is complete, and programming that can be mastered in a short time, so in the context of industrial PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and industry has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting large areas of farmland, repeated operations on the high-speed line that uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the high level of automation combined with restrictions on the manipulator development level is slightly lower than the international. The design is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of design let designers on in school by learn of has a must of consolidation, understand has some usually didn't opportunities awareness in world range within some leading level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope designers can in yihou of design in the can success of using in this design in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroad of research profile automation mechanical arm research began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanical arm on the Grand stage of industrial automation and shine, gradually became an industrial evaluation standards, and its importance can be seen. Now original robotic arm spent most of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipulator position control systems main features, although not back several generations that can detect the external environment, but can still successfully complete like welding, painting, delivery as well as for materials simple movements. Second generation mechanical arms are equipped with sensors and manipulators have the environment there is a certain amount of \n the mechanical arm is to use the program as a basis. Difference is that the robot begand 2013
年行政执法人员换证考试复习题库
行政执法理论知识和《全面推进依法行政实施纲要》
（一）填空题（10题）
1、 依法行政必须坚持党的领导、人民当家作主和___________三者的有机统一；必须把维护_________________________作为政府工作的出发点。 2、 全面推进依法行政的目标是，经过 年左右坚持不懈的努力，基本实现 的目标。
3、 政府依法行政的基本要求是：合法行政、______________ 、程序正当、______________、诚实守信和权责统一。
4、 《全面推进依法行政实施纲要》确定的政府四大职能是指经济调节、 、社会管理和 。
5、同一机关制定的法律、行政法规、地方性法规、自治条例和单行条例、规章，特别规定与一般规定不一致的，适用____________规定。
6、受委托的机关或者组织应当以 的名义开展执法活动。 7、行政执法主体资格是指法定的行政执法机关和法律、法规授权的组织经过 依法获得的行政执法主体的法律地位。
8、行政执法的证据种类包括书证、物证、 、证人证言、当事人陈述、 、勘验笔录和现场笔录七类。 （二）判断题（25题）
1、无效行政行为，是指那些形式上已经存在，但因具有重大、明显瑕疵或具备法定无效情形，无须有权机关确认并宣告，自始、当然、确定不发生法律效力的行为。无效行政行为自始无效。（ ）
2、地方性法规的效力等同于本级和下级地方政府规章。省、自治区的人民政府制定的规章的效力高于本行政区域内的较大的市的人民政府制定的规章。（ ）
3、部门规章之间、部门规章与地方政府规章之间具有同等效力，在各自的权限范围内施行。（ ）
4、法律、行政法规、地方性法规、自治条例和单行条例、规章均溯及既往，但为了更好地保护公民、法人和其他组织的权利和利益而作的特别规定除外。（ ）
5、受送达人下落不明或者用直接送达、邮寄送达等方式无法送达的，可以采取公告送达。（ ）
manipulator control mode and programmable controllers introduction 2.1 Select discussion with manipulator control 2.1.1 classification of control relays and discrete electronic circuit can control old industrial equipment, but also more common. Mainly these two relatively cheap and you can meet the old-fashioned, simple (or simple) industrial equipment. So he can see them now, however these two control modes (relay and discrete electronic circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1) cannot adapt to the complex logic control, (2) only for the current project, the lack of compatibility and (3) not reforming the system with equipment improvements. Spring for the development of China's modern industrial automation technology the substantial increase in the level of industrial automation, completed the perfect relay of the computer too much. In terms of controlling the computer showed his two great advantages: (1) each of the hardware can be installed on one or more microprocessors; (2) the official designer of the software writing content control is all about. Now in several ways in the context of industrial automation can often be seen in three ways: (1) Programmable Logical Controller (referred to as IPC); (2) Distributed Control System (DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable Logical Controller (PLC for short). 2.1.2 PLC and the IPC and DCS contrast contrast 1, each of the three technologies of origins and development requirements for fast data processing makes it invented the computer. The men brought in terms of hardware there, using a high level of standardization, can use more compatibility tools, is a rich software resources, especially the need for immediacy in operational systems. So the computer can effectively control is used to control and meet its speed, on the virtual model, real-time and in computational requirements. Distributed system started with a control system for industrial automatic instrument used to control, whereas now it is successfully developed into industrial control computer used as a central collection and distribution system and transition of distributed control system in analogue handling, loop control, has begun to reflect the use of a huge advantage. Though distributed system has great advantages in loop regulation, but only as a means of continuous process control. Optimization of PLC is the corresponding relay needs was born, its main use in the work order control, early primary is replaced relay this hulking system, focused on the switch controlling the running order of functions. Marked by the microprocessor in the early 1970 of the 20th century emerged, micro-electronics technology has developed rapidly, people soon microelectronics processing technology will be used in the Programmable Logical Controller (that isManipulator is now used as a industrial robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in industrial automation. Industrial automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in industrial automation as a separate subject. Manipulator application began to filter into welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other industries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases, high radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great use also brings great convenience to the staff. Precisely because of this robot to get people's attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intensive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroad to develop the PLC (programmable logic controller) is in various special circumstances and under special conditions set for mechanical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic control technology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC hardware software and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a factory automation standards. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capital, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardware is complete, and programming that can be mastered in a short time, so in the context of industrial PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and industry has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting large areas of farmland, repeated operations on the high-speed line that uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the high level of automation combined with restrictions on the manipulator development level is slightly lower than the international. The design is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of design let designers on in school by learn of has a must of consolidation, understand has some usually didn't opportunities awareness in world range within some leading level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope designers can in yihou of design in the can success of using in this design in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroad of research profile automation mechanical arm research began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanical arm on the Grand stage of industrial automation and shine, gradually became an industrial evaluaton standards, and its importance can be seen. Now original robotic arm spent most of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipulator position control systems main features, although not back several generations that can detect the external environment, but can still successfully complete like welding, painting, delivery as well as for materials simple movements. Second generation mechanical arms are equipped with sensors and manipulators have the environment there is a certain amount of \n the mechanical arm is to use the program as a basis. Difference is that the robot begand 6、各级人民政府所属工作部门制定的规范性文件应报本级人民政府和上一级主管部门备案。（ ）
7、非因法定事由并经法定程序，行政机关不得撤销、变更已经生效的行政决定。 （ ）
8、全国人民代表大会常务委员会的法律解释同法律具有同等效力。（ ） 9、同一机关制定的法律、行政法规、地方性法规、自治条例和单行条例、规章，特别规定与一般规定不一致的，适用特别规定。（ ）
10、同一机关制定的法律、行政法规、地方性法规、自治条例和单行条例、规章新的规定与旧的规定不一致的，适用新的规定。（ ） （三）多项选择题（10题）
1、依法行政应当坚持以下基本原则 （ ） A 依法行政必须坚持党的领导、人民当家作主和依法治国三者的有机统一 B 必须把维护政府的形象作为政府工作的出发点 C 必须维护宪法权威，确保法制统一和政令畅通
D 坚持以人为本和全面、协调、可持续的发展观，促进经济社会和人的全面发展
E 必须把依法治国和以德治国有机结合起来
F 坚持开拓创新与循序渐进的统一，既要体现改革和创新的精神，又要有计划、有步骤地分类推进
2、《依法行政实施纲要》规定，依法行政的基本要求是（ ）。 A.合法行政 B.合理行政 C.程序正当 D.高效便民 E.诚实守信 F.权责统一 3、根据《全面推进依法行政实施纲要》，形成（ ）的行政管理体制，是法治政府的标志之一。
A. 行为规范 B. 廉洁高效 C. 公正透明 D. 运转协调 4、行政执法的管辖包括下列哪些种类（ ）
A、级别管辖 B、职能管辖 C、地域管辖 D、指定管辖 5、证据的属性有（ ）
A、主观性 B、客观性 C、合法性 D、关联性 6、行政执法文书的送达方式包括（ ）
A、直接送达 B、留置送达 C、邮寄送达 D、公告送达 7、行政执法行为的法律效力的内容包括（ ） A、确定力 B、拘束力 C、执行力 D、强制力 （三）简答题（5题）
manipulator control mode and programmable controllers introduction 2.1 Select discussion with manipulator control 2.1.1 classification of control relays and discrete electronic circuit can control old industrial equipment, but also more common. Mainly these two relatively cheap and you can meet the old-fashioned, simple (or simple) industrial equipment. So he can see them now, however these two control modes (relay and discrete electronic circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1) cannot adapt to the complex logic control, (2) only for the current project, the lack of compatibility and (3) not reforming the system with equipment improvements. Spring for the development of China's modern industrial automation technology the substantial increase in the level of industrial automation, completed the perfect relay of the computer too much. In terms of controlling the computer showed his two great advantages: (1) each of the hardware can be installed on one or more microprocessors; (2) the official designer of the software writing content control is all about. Now in several ways in the context of industrial automation can often be seen in three ways: (1)
Programmable Logical Controller (referred to as IPC); (2) Distributed Control System (DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable Logical Controller (PLC for short). 2.1.2 PLC and the IPC and DCS contrast contrast 1, each of the three technologies of origins and development requirements for fast data processing makes it invented the computer. The men brought in terms of hardware there, using a high level of standardization, can use more compatibility tools, is a rich software resources, especially the need for immediacy in operational systems. So the computer can effectively control is used to control and meet its speed, on the virtual model, real-time and in computational requirements. Distributed system started with a control system for industrial automatic instrument used to control, whereas now it is successfully developed into industrial control computer used as a central collection and distribution system and transition of distributed control system in analogue handling, loop control, has begun to reflect the use of a huge advantage. Though distributed system has great advantages in loop regulation, but only as a means of continuous process control. Optimization of PLC is the corresponding relay needs was born, its main use in the work order control, early primary is replaced relay this hulking system, focused on the switch controlling the running order of functions. Marked by the microprocessor in the early 1970 of the 20th century emerged, micro-electronics technology has developed rapidly, people soon microelectronics processing technology will be used in the Programmable Logical Controller (that is2
Manipulator is now used as a industrial robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in industrial automation. Industrial automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in industrial automation as a separate subject. Manipulator application began to filter into welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other industries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases, high radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great use also brings great convenience to the staff. Precisely because of this robot to get people's attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intensive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroad to develop the PLC (programmable logic controller) is in various special circumstances and under special conditions set for mechanical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic control technology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC hardware software and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a factory automation standards. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capital, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardware is complete, and programming that can be mastered in a short time, so in the context of industrial PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and industry has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting large areas of farmland, repeated operations on the high-speed line that uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the high level of automation combined with restrictions on the manipulator development level is slightly lower than the international. The design is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of design let designers on in school by learn of has a must of consolidation, understand has some usually didn't opportunities awareness in world range within some leading level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope designers can in yihou of design in the can success of using in this design in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroad of research profile automation mechanical arm research began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanical arm on the Grand stage of industrial automation and shine, gradually became an industrial evaluation standards, and its importance can be seen. Now original robotic arm spent most of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipulator position control systems main features, although not back several generations that can detect the external environment, but can still successfully complete like welding, painting, delivery as well as for materials simple movements. Second generation mechanical arms are equipped with sensors and manipulators have the environment there is a certain amount of \n the mechanical arm is to use the program as a basis. Difference is that the robot begand 1.依法行政的含义是什么？ 2.行政执法的概念是什么？ 3.什么是行政执法主体？
《中华人民共和国宪法》
一、填空题（20题）
1.公民在年老、疾病或者 的情况下，有从国家获得物质帮助的权利。
2. 是中华人民共和国的根本制度。 3.我国的根本政治制度是 。
4.中华人民共和国 是国家的法律监督机关。 5.任何公民，非经人民检察院批准或者决定或者 决定，并由公安机关执行，不受逮捕。
6.中华人民共和国公民的住宅不受侵犯。禁止 或者非法侵入公民的住宅。
7.由于国家机关和国家工作人员侵犯公民权利而受到损失的人，有依照法律规定取得 的权利。
8.公民的 的私有财产不受侵犯。
9.中华人民共和国实行 ，建设社会主义法治国家。 二、判断题（30题）
1.国家为了公共利益的需要，可以依照法律规定对土地实行征用。（ ） 2. 依法治国就是依宪治国。（ ）
3. 任何单位或者个人都不得侵入、搜查、查封公民的住宅。（ ） 4.全国人大及其常委会是最高国家机关的执行机关。（ ） 5.从少数民族聚居的地方实行区域自治和香港、澳门地区享有高度自治权的情况看，我国不是单一制的国家结构。（ ）
6.我国的社会主义公有制经济包括全民所有制和劳动群众集体所有制两种形式。（ ）
7.现行宪法规定，在法律规定范围内的私营经济，是社会主义市场经济的重要补充。（ ）
8.国家在社会主义的初级阶段，坚持按劳分配为主体，多种分配方式并存的分配制度。（ ）
9.公民通过言论自由表达的内容受法律的保护，不受非法干预，所以公民享有的言论自由是绝对的。（ ）
10.“一国两制”方针的实施，表明我国的根本社会制度已发生了改变。（ ）
manipulator control mode and programmable controllers introduction 2.1 Select discussion with manipulator control 2.1.1 classification of control relays and discrete electronic circuit can control old industrial equipment, but also more common. Mainly these two relatively cheap and you can meet the old-fashioned, simple (or simple) industrial equipment. So he can see them now, however these two control modes (relay and discrete electronic circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1) cannot adapt to the complex logic control, (2) only for the current project, the lack of compatibility and (3) not reforming the system with equipment improvements. Spring for the development of China's modern industrial automation technology the substantial increase in the level of industrial automation, completed the perfect relay of the computer too much. In terms of controlling the computer showed his two great advantages: (1) each of the hardware can be installed on one or more microprocessors; (2) the official designer of the software writing content control is all about. Now in several ways in the context of industrial automation can often be seen in three ways: (1)
Programmable Logical Controller (referred to as IPC); (2) Distributed Control System (DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable Logical Controller (PLC for short). 2.1.2 PLC and the IPC and DCS contrast contrast 1, each of the three technologies of origins and development requirements for fast data processing makes it invented the computer. The mn brought in terms of hardware there, using a high level of standardization, can use more compatibility tools, is a rich software resources, especially the need for immediacy in operational systems. So the computer can effectively control is used to control and meet its speed, on the virtual model, real-time and in computational requirements. Distributed system started with a control system for industrial automatic instrument used to control, whereas now it is successfully developed into industrial control computer used as a central collection and distribution system and transition of distributed control system in analogue handling, loop control, has begun to reflect the use of a huge advantage. Though distributed system has great advantages in loop regulation, but only as a means of continuous process control. Optimization of PLC is the corresponding relay needs was born, its main use in the work order control, early primary is replaced relay this hulking system, focused on the switch controlling the running order of functions. Marked by the microprocessor in the early 1970 of the 20th century emerged, micro-electronics technology has developed rapidly, people soon microelectronics processing technology will be used in the Programmable Logical Controller (that is3
Manipulator is now used as a industrial robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in industrial automation. Industrial automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in industrial automation as a separate subject. Manipulator application began to filter into welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other industries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases, high radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great use also brings great convenience to the staff. Precisely because of this robot to get people's attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intensive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroad to develop the PLC (programmable logic controller) is in various special circumstances and under special conditions set for mechanical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic control technology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC hardware software and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a factory automation standards. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capital, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardware is complete, and programming that can be mastered in a short time, so in the context of industrial PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and industry has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting large areas of farmland, repeated operations on the high-speed line that uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the high level of automation combined with restrictions on the manipulator development level is slightly lower than the international. The design is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of design let designers on in school by learn of has a must of consolidation, understand has some usually didn't opportunities awareness in world range within some leading level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope designers can in yihou of design in the can success of using in this design in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroad of research profile automation mechanical arm research began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanical arm on the Grand stage of industrial automation and shine, gradually became an industrial evaluaton standards, and its importance can be seen. Now original robotic arm spent most of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipulator position control systems main features, although not back several generations that can detect the external environment, but can still successfully complete like welding, painting, delivery as well as for materials simple movements. Second generation mechanical arms are equipped with sensors and manipulators have the environment there is a certain amount of \n the mechanical arm is to use the program as a basis. Difference is that the robot begand 11.各政党都必须遵守宪法和法律，但中国共产党除外。（ ） 12.中华人民共和国国务院是最高国家权力机关。（ ）
13. 中华人民共和国年满18周岁的公民，都有选举权和被选举权，但依照法律被剥夺政治权利的人除外。（ ）
14. 国务院既是国家权力机关的执行机关，又是最高国家行政机关。（ ） 三、多项选择题（30题）
1.中华人民共和国公民的人格尊严不受侵犯，禁止用任何方法对公民进行（ ）。
A.侮辱 B.诽谤 C.伤害 D.诬告陷害
2.宪法规定着一个国家社会制度和国家制度的一些最基本的问题，（ ）是必须由宪法规定的。
A.国家性质 B.政治制度
C.社会经济制度 D.国家公务员的奖励与惩罚
3.宪法与普通法律的区别表现在：（ ）
A.内容上 B.制定和修改程序上 C.法律效力上 D.形式上 4.宪政的基本精神是：（ ）
A.建立有限政府 B.树立宪法的最高权威
C.宪法是宪政的前提 D.宪法能够得到严格的遵守和执行 5. 我国法律规定属于政治自由的是：（ ）
A.言论自由 B.出版自由 C.集会游行示威自由 D.结社自由 6.下列权利当中，既是公民权利又是公民义务的有：（ ） A.平等权 B.劳动权 C.休息权 D.受教育权
7.《宪法》之所以是国家根本大法，是因为其（ ）。 A.规定社会制度和国家制度的最基本问题
B.法律效力最高
C.是制定一切法律的根据 D.制定得最早
8.按照我国现行宪法的规定，下列属于全国人大常委会的职权的是：（ ） A.解释宪法和法律
B.决定特别行政区的设立及其制度
C.决定省、的自治区、的直辖市范围内部分地区的戒严 D.监督宪法的实施
9.国家保护正常的宗教活动。任何人不得利用宗教进行（ ）的活动。 A.破坏社会秩序
B.损害公民身体健康
manipulator control mode and programmable controllers introduction 2.1 Select discussion with manipulator control 2.1.1 classification of control relays and discrete electronic circuit can control old industrial equipment, but also more common. Mainly these two relatively cheap and you can meet the old-fashioned, simple (or simple) industrial equipment. So he can see them now, however these two control modes (relay and discrete electronic circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1) cannot adapt to the complex logic control, (2) only for the current project, the lack of compatibility and (3) not reforming the system with equipment improvements. Spring for the development of China's modern industrial automation technology the substantial increase in the level of industrial automation, completed the perfect relay of the computer too much. In terms of controlling the computer showed his two great advantages: (1) each of the hardware can be installed on one or more microprocessors; (2) the official designer of the software writing content control is all about. Now in several ways in the context of industrial automation can often be seen in three ways: (1)
Programmable Logical Controller (referred to as IPC); (2) Distributed Control System (DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable Logical Controller (PLC for short). 2.1.2 PLC and the IPC and DCS contrast contrast 1, each of the three technologies of origins and development requirements for fast data processing makes it invented the computer. The men brought in terms of hardware there, using a high level of standardization, can use more compatibility tools, is a rich software resources, especially the need for immediacy in operational systems. So the computer can effectively control is used to control and meet its speed, on the virtual model, real-time and in computational requirements. Distributed system started with a control system for industrial automatic instrument used to control, whereas now it is successfully developed into industrial control computer used as a central collection and distribution system and transition of distributed control system in analogue handling, loop control, has begun to reflect the use of a huge advantage. Though distributed system has great advantages in loop regulation, but only as a means of continuous process control. Optimization of PLC is the corresponding relay needs was born, its main use in the work order control, early primary is replaced relay this hulking system, focused on the switch controlling the running order of functions. Marked by the microprocessor in the early 1970 of the 20th century emerged, micro-electronics technology has developed rapidly, people soon microelectronics processing technology will be used in the Programmable Logical Controller (that is4
Manipulator is now used as a industrial robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in industrial automation. Industrial automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in industrial automation as a separate subject. Manipulator application began to filter into welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other industries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases, high radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great use also brings great convenience to the staff. Precisely because of this robot to get people's attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intensive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroad to develop the PLC (programmable logic controller) is in various special circumstances and under special conditions set for mechanical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic control technology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC hardware software and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a factory automation standards. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capital, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardware is complete, and programming that can be mastered in a short time, so in the context of industrial PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and industry has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting large areas of farmland, repeated operations on the high-speed line that uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the high level of automation combined with restrictions on the manipulator development level is slightly lower than the international. The design is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of design let designers on in school by learn of has a must of consolidation, understand has some usually didn't opportunities awareness in world range within some leading level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope designers can in yihou of design in the can success of using in this design in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroad of research profile automation mechanical arm research began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanical arm on the Grand stage of industrial automation and shine, gradually became an industrial evaluation standards, and its importance can be seen. Now original robotic arm spent most of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipulator position control systems main features, although not back several generations that can detect the external environment, but can still successfully complete like welding, painting, delivery as well as for materials simple movements. Second generation mechanical arms are equipped with sensors and manipulators have the environment there is a certain amount of \n the mechanical arm is to use the program as a basis. Difference is that the robot begand C.妨碍国家教育制度 D.封建迷信
10. 根据宪法，监督权包括：（ ） A.批评权 B.建议权 C.检举权 D.请求权 四、简答题（5题）
1.我国在人权问题上的基本观点。 2.简述人民代表大会制度的特点。
《中华人民共和国行政处罚法》
一、填空题（20题）
1.违法行为在 内未被发现的，不再给予行政处罚。
2.公民、法人或者其他组织对行政机关所给予的行政处罚，享有 ；对行政处罚不服的，有权依法申请行政复议或者提起行政诉讼。
3.法律、行政法规对违法行为已经作出行政处罚规定，地方性法规需要作出具体规定的，必须在法律、行政法规规定的给予行政处罚的 范围内规定。
4.行政处罚由具有行政处罚权的行政机关在 范围内实施。
5.行政处罚由 的县级以上地方人民政府具有行政处罚权的行政机关管辖。法律、行政法规另有规定的除外。
6.违法行为构成犯罪的，行政机关必须将案件移送 ，依法追究刑事责任。
7.对当事人的同一个违法行为，不得给予两次以上 的行政处罚。 8.已满 周岁不满18周岁的人有违法行为的，从轻或者减轻行政处罚。 9. 执法人员当场做出行政处罚决定的，行政处罚决定书应当 交付当事人。
10.违法事实确凿并有法定依据，对公民处以 元以下、对法人或者其他组织处以1000元以下罚款或者警告的行政处罚的，可以当场作出行政处罚决定。
11.在证据可能灭失或者以后难以取得的情况下，经行政机关负责人批准，可以 ，并应当在7日内及时作出处理决定。
12.行政机关作出 、吊销许可证或者执照、较大数额罚款等行政处罚决定之前，应当告知当事人有要求举行听证的权利。
13.执法人员当场收缴的罚款，应当自收缴罚款之日起 内交至行政机关。 14. 或者不当场收缴事后难以执行的，执法人员可以当场收缴罚款。 15. 的行政处罚只能由公安机关行使。 二、判断题（30题）
manipulator control mode and programmable controllers introduction 2.1 Select discussion with manipulator control 2.1.1 classification of control relays and discrete electronic circuit can control old industrial equipment, but also more common. Mainly these two relatively cheap and you can meet the old-fashioned, simple (or simple) industrial equipment. So he can see them now, however these two control modes (relay and discrete electronic circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1) cannot adapt to the complex logic control, (2) only for the current project, the lack of compatibility and (3) not reforming the system with equipment improvements. Spring for the development of China's modern industrial automation technology the substantial increase in the level of industrial automation, completed the perfect relay of the computer too much. In terms of controlling the computer showed his two great advantages: (1) each of the hardware can be installed on one or more microprocessors; (2) the official designer of the software writing content control is all about. Now in several ways in the context of industrial automation can often be seen in three ways: (1)
Programmable Logical Controller (referred to as IPC); (2) Distributed Control System (DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable Logical Controller (PLC for short). 2.1.2 PLC and the IPC and DCS contrast contrast 1, each of the three technologies of origins and development requirements for fast data processing makes it invented the computer. The mn brought in terms of hardware there, using a high level of standardization, can use more compatibility tools, is a rich software resources, especially the need for immediacy in operational systems. So the computer can effectively control is used to control and meet its speed, on the virtual model, real-time and in computational requirements. Distributed system started with a control system for industrial automatic instrument used to control, whereas now it is successfully developed into industrial control computer used as a central collection and distribution system and transition of distributed control system in analogue handling, loop control, has begun to reflect the use of a huge advantage. Though distributed system has great advantages in loop regulation, but only as a means of continuous process control. Optimization of PLC is the corresponding relay needs was born, its main use in the work order control, early primary is replaced relay this hulking system, focused on the switch controlling the running order of functions. Marked by the microprocessor in the early 1970 of the 20th century emerged, micro-electronics technology has developed rapidly, people soon microelectronics processing technology will be used in the Programmable Logical Controller (that is5