??ysiny122(5) ??sinyd???dy?2y2dx??2(siny?ysiny)dy
00yy??D ??2sinydy?0?2?R??20yd(cosy)?1?2(ycosy?siny)2?1?. ??02?02?(6)
2(4?x?y)d??d?(4?rcos??rsin?)rdr?[2R??????D002?R3(cos??sin?)]d? 332?R ?[2R??(sin??cos?)]?4?R2. 3024. 已知反常二重积分??xe?ydσ收敛,求其值.其中D是由曲线y=4x2与y=9x2在第一
D2象限所围成的区域.
解:设Da是由曲线y?4x、y?9x和y?a(a?0)在第一象限所围成.则 ??xeDa?y222d???dy?02ay4y9xe?ydx?2215a?y25a?y255?a22??yedy??ed(?y)??e. 2360144?0144144所以??xe?yd??limDa????y??xed??Da5. 1445. 计算?e?xdx.
????2解:由第四节例2以及y=e?x是偶函数,可知?e?xdx??. ??2??26. 求由曲面z=0及z=4-x2-y2所围空间立体的体积.
解:曲面z=0和z=4-x2-y2的交线为x2+y2 =4.因此,所围空间立体的体积为:
2?2 ??(4?x2?y2)dxdy??d??(4?r2)rdr?2?(8?16)?8?.
004D7. 已知曲线y=lnx及过此曲线上点(e,1)的切线y??x.
e(1) 求由曲线y=lnx,直线y??x和y=0所围成的平面图形D的面积;
e(2) 求以平面图形D为底,以曲面z=ey为顶的曲顶柱体的体积.
ee解:(1) S?e??lnxdx?e?(xlnx?x)?e?1.
21212(2) V??dy?01eyye2ye23yy1edx??(e?ye)dy?(?ye?e)??.
02022y12yy
(B)
1. 交换积分次序:
(1) ?dx?3f(x,y)dy; (2)?dy??1x?11x01?y2f(x,y)dx;
(3) ?2?2dx?2x14?x2f(x,y)dy; (4) ?dx?011?1?x2xf(x,y)dy.
解:(1) ?dx?3f(x,y)dy??dy??1x0x13yyf(x,y)dx.
(2) ?dy??101?y2f(x,y)dx??dx?2101?xf(x,y)dy.
y?y(3) ?2?2dx?2x4?x2f(x,y)dy??dy?02f(x,y)dx??dy?244?y?4?yf(x,y)dx.
- 21 -
1?1?x2x1(4) ?dx?01f(x,y)dy??dy?0xx1y20f(x,y)dx??dy?122y?y20f(x,y)dx.
2. 计算积分?dx?20xdy.
x?y22解:?dx?20x1xx4cos2?rcos?rdr?4d?cos2?cos?dr dy?d??0?0?0?0x2?y2r2?4?sin??sin? ??3. 计算积分?dy?011y0sin?ln2.
d??(?lncos?)4?cos?20dx.
1cos??y1?x?y2?402解:?dy?011yy1?x2?y2dx??d??0rsin?sin?rdr??4d?[?cos?sin?dr??cos?dr] 20001?r1?r2??11 ??(tan??sin??arctan1)d??ln2??4arctan1d(cos?)
00cos?2cos?令cos??t,则
4?222ln21ln21ln211222原式??arctandt??arctandt??(tarctan?ln(1?t)2 2?1t2?1t2t21 ?ln2?2arctan2?1ln3???ln2?2arctan2?1ln3??.
22224222244. 设函数f(x)在区间??0,1??上连续,且?f(x)dx?A,求?dx?f(x)f(y)dy.
00x1111解:设F'(x)?f(x),则?f(x)dx?F(1)?F(0)?A.
0?10dx?f(x)f(y)dy??f(x)[F(1)?F(x)]dx?F(1)?f(x)dx??F(x)d(F(x))
x0001111F2(x)1111?F(1)A??F(1)A?[F(1)?F(0)][F(1)?F(0)]?F(1)A?AF(1)?AF(0)
202221A2.
?A[F(1)?F(0)]?225. 计算??x2ydσ,其中D是由直线y=0,y=1及双曲线x2-y2=1所围成的闭区域.
D2解:??xyd??2?dy?D011?y20x2ydx?21y(1?y2)1?y2dy ?303511122222221??(1?y)d(1?y)??(1?y)?(42?1). 30350156. 计算?dx?eydy.
0x222222y222222解:?dx?eydy??dy?eydx??yeydy?1ey?1(e4?1).
0x000202bxb7. 证明?dx?(x?y)n?2f(y)dy?1?(b?y)n?1f(y)dy,其中n为大于1的正整数.
aan?1a证:?dx?(x?y)n?2f(y)dy??dy?(x?y)n?2f(y)dx
aaaybxbb??ba1(x?y)n?1n?1byf(y)dy?1b(b?y)n?1f(y)dy ?n?1a习题9-1
1. 判定下列级数的收敛性:
- 22 -
(1) ?(n?1?n); (2) ?1; (3)
n?1n?1n?3(5) ?n?1; (6) nn?1nk?1???lnn; (4) ?n?1n?1??(?1)2;
nn?1?(?1)n?n. ?2n?1n?0?解:(1)Sn??(k?1?k)?n?1?1,则limSn=lim(n?n?n+1-1)=+ ,级数
发散。
(2)由于
1=邋n+3n=1nゥn=41,因此原级数是调和级数去掉前面三项所得的级数,而在n一个级数中增加或删去有限项不改变级数的敛散性,所以原级数发散。
nn(3)Sn=邋ln=[lnn-ln(n+1)]=ln1-ln(n+1)=-ln(n+1),则
n+1k=1k=1limSn=li-m[n+ln(=-1 )],级数发散。
n?n?ì?-2 , n=2k-1, k=1,2,3,L;因而limSn不存在,级数发散。 (4)Sn=?ín???? 0 , n=2knn+1(5)级数通项为un=,由于lim=1 0,不满足级数收敛的必要条件,
n?n+1n原级数发散。
(-1)nn(6)级数通项为un=,而limSn不存在,级数发散。
n?2n+12. 判别下列级数的收敛性,若收敛则求其和: 11(1) ???n?n3n?1?2???; (2) ??1; ?n(n?1)(n?2)n?1??(3) ?n?sinπ; (4)
2nn?1解:(1)因为
?cosn2π.
n?0骣11÷?Sn=邋+=?kk÷÷?桫3k=12nnk=11+k211113111=1-+(1-)=-n- n. k=13knn2232223n所以该级数的和为
3111S=limSn=lim(-n-?n)n?n?2223即
¥3, 2骣11÷3?+=. ??nn÷÷?桫32k=121111=[-],则 (2)由于
n(n+1)(n+2)2n(n+1)(n+1)(n+2)nn1111111=[-]=[-] Sn=邋(k+1)(k+2)22(n+1)(n+2)k=1k(k+1)(k+2)k=12k(k+1)
所以该级数的和为
即
1111S=limSn=lim[-]=,
n?n?22(n+1)(n+2)4 - 23 -
¥
?n=111=.
n(n+1)(n+2)4psinppp(3)级数的通项为un=nsin,由于limnsin=lim(2n?)n?p2n2nn?22n不满足级数收敛的必要条件,所以原级数发散。
(4)由于
n?p 0,2Sn=?n-1cosk=0ì1 , n=4k或n=4k+1kp?=?,k=0,1,2,3,L; í?2??0 , n=4k+2或n=4k+3因而limSn不存在,原级数发散。
习题9-2
1. 判定下列正项级数的敛散性: 1(1) ?; (2)
n?1(n?1)(n?2)n(5) ?3n; (6)
n?1n?2???n?1?; (3) ?1n (a>0); (4)
n?11?an(n2?5)3?5?7???(2n?1); (8) ?4?7?10???(3n?1)n?1?1??1; ?2nn?1n?1?4?nn; (7) ?n?1n!?n?n?3n?1n;
(9)
?n?1?(n!)22n2n?; (11) ; (10) ????n?1?2n?1??2sinnn?1?π3nncos2n3π; (12) ?. n2n?1?解:
?¥n=111(1)由于0<<2,而级数
(n+1)(n+2)n1收敛。
(n+1)(n+2)12?¥n=11收敛,由比较判别法知2n(2)因为limn?收敛,由比较判别法的极限形式知
¥n(n+5)1n1=lim=lim=1,而p-级数?3n?1n=1n(n2+5)n?1+5n232nn2¥132?n=1n(n+5)2收敛。
¥111(3)若a=1,通项un=,级数显然发散; =?nn1+a1+a2n=1¥11ilunmil=1n=,若0
¥骣11骣11÷÷??<=若a>1,有0<,而级数收敛,由比较判别法知÷÷???nn÷÷??桫1+aaaan=1桫¥1收敛。 ?nn=11+ann - 24 -
n+111+3¥41n(n+1)12n-1n(4)因为lim,而p-级数收敛,=lim=lim=?34n?n?n?11n2n-1n=12-423nn¥n+1由比较判别法的极限形式知?收敛。 4n=12n-13n+1un+13n33n(n+1)2n+1lim=lim=lim=>1,所(5)通项un=,则n?n?n?2(n+1)3nun2n′2nn′2n以由比值判别法知,级数发散。
(
6
)
通
项
nnun=n!n,则
n?lun+1=iun(n+n+1(n+mnn?nn!1)1(n+n)=nlnn?1!i)m=e+li=,所以由比值判别法知,
nn?1m>级数发散。
(7)通项un=则limn?un+1un3创57创L(2n+1),
4创410创L(3n+1)3创57创L[2(n+1)+1]2(n+1)+124创410创L[3(n+1)+1]=lim=lim=<1,所以由n?n?3(n+1)+13创57创L(2n+1)34创410创L(3n+1)比值判别法知,级数收敛。
n+1n+1un+1nn+113(8)通项un=n,则lim=lim=lim=<1,所以由比值判别
n?n?n?n3un3n3n3法知,级数收敛。
[(n+1)!]2(9)通项un=(n!)22n2u,则limn+1=limn?n?un2(n+1)(n!)22n22(n+1)2=lim2n+1=0<1,所以由n?2比值判别法知,级数收敛。
骣n÷(10)通项un=?,则lim÷?÷?n?桫2n+1以由根值判别法知,级数收敛。
n骣n÷n1nu=limn?=lim=1<,所÷?n÷?n?n?桫2n+12n+12¥骣骣2÷2÷?p?÷,而级数??收敛,由比较判别法推÷?÷÷??桫桫3n=13nnnppn(11)由于0#2sinn2?n33¥pn论知级数?2sinn收敛。
3n=1n - 25 -