解:蠕变曲线如图所示:
4.204.184.164.144.12l/cm4.104.084.064.044.020200040006000t/min800010000
10000 min时
l?4.185cm,?(10000)?9900 min时
4.185?4?0.04625 44.184?4?0.04600 4根据Bolzmann叠加原理,总应变
l?4.184cm, ?(10000)???t???0?t???1?t?100? 因两次加的负荷一样
??t???0?t???0?t?100? ??0?10000???0?9900? ?0.04625?0.04600?0.09225 ∴ l?10000??l0?1????4??1.09225? ?4.369cm
第九章 作业
1、解:C?QSU??C0??e0d
?Q??eUS0d
E?Ud;则Q??e0ES,Q0?e0ES
Q?QP?Q'Q?Q0?e0ES?e0ES0?Q'?S?S?S?(??1)e0E
2、解:假定对介质施加静电场 P?e0(?s?1)E 取向极化强度增大 P?e0(?s???)Et??r
若t?0时,施加静电场E时: Pr?P(1?e?t/?)?e0(??s???)E(1?e?t/)
t??r 加交变电场E?Eiwt0e Pd?e0(???1)E?e0(???1)eiwt Piwtr与Pr,0的关系是:Pr?Pr,0e 其中,Pr,0?11?iw?e0(?s???)E0 总极化强度P?P1d?Pr?e0(???1)E?1?iw?e0(?s???)E ???1?(P/e????0E)?1?(???1)?s1?iw?
????s????1?iw? 复数介电常数????'?i?''
由①式可知 ?'???s?????1?w2?2 ?''?(?s???)w?1?w2?2
当w?0,?''?0 w??,?''?0
将?''对w求导,d?''/dw?0?w??1 ①
?''max?
?s???2
??,2、试推导Debye色散方程式,并求出复介电常数的实部??和虚部???以及?max(对) tan?max 等特征值表达式。
解:已知
????11???K????????1??????????21?i???????s?1 ??K?????????????????2?
??2?s????1?K????????????????3??????24? 式中K??NA
3M联立以上三个方程式。 将(2)式减(3)式,得
?s?1???1??K??————(4) ?s?2???2将(3)、(4)式带入(1)式得:
???1???2?K??K????11?i???
??1?1s?? ????????2???2??2?1?i?????s???1???1??1????2??1?i????????1????2?????1????2???ss??s ??????2???s?2??1?i?????s??i?????i????2?i????2i??????s????2???s?2??1?i?????s??2???s?
从而 ???1??????2???s?2??1?i?????????2?????si???????
????i???????i????2???i????2??i?????????2????????2???ss?s?s??2??i????2?i????4?i????4i????2???4??2??4?ss?s?s???????2????2????4???????i????2???i????2???i????4??i????ss??ss?????2??2??4???i????2?i????2?i????4i???s?s??ss?3????6???3???i????6??i????3??i????6?i????3???6??s?s?s?s??2?i???????2?s???=s??2i??????2s???2?s令?????2???2?即??????2s则
???????????????2???i????s????2????i????s1?i????????2?i?????????2??????i???????s1?i?????
?????s? ————(5) ?1?i?????这就是Debye色散方程式。
将(5)式右边通分,并上下同乘?1?i???
??????1?i????1?i??????s?????1?i???
?1?i????1?i??? ????1??2?2???s??????i?????i??1???22
?s????2?2?s????????i ?22221???1????s?????s?????????i ????1??2?21??2?2∴ ???????s???————(6)
1??2?2??????s??????————(7)
1??2?2?????s??????tg???————(8)
???s??2?2????,应当令求?maxd????0 d??????????d?s??221???d???? ??d?d? ???s??????1??2?2????s????????2?2??1????222?0
∴ 1??2?2?2?2?2?0
?2?2?1 舍去负根
???∴ ?max???1 代入(7)式
?s???2
同样,要求tg?max,令
dtg??0 d???????????d?s2?s???2???dtg??? ?d?d????s???????s??2?2??????s???????????2?2???s??????222?0
∴ ?s??2?2???2???2?2?0 ?2?2??s?s ??? ?????s???s??代入(8)式
??s????? tg?max???s??????2?s??s?s?????