（2）from，out of
from表示“由?制成”，是指成品与原材料之间发生了质的变化即化学变化，如：Wine is made from pineapple．
当材料变质与否不明时，可用of或from。若以材料为主语，而以成品为宾语，则用into，而不使用from或of，而out of表示“由?做成的、什么材料被做成为什么成品”之意。
a．Bread is made from/of flour and water．
b．Flour is made into bread． c．We make paper into many things． make of原是make out of的省略形式，故make out of也指物理变化，当make和of分开时，用make out of，否则用make of。试比较：
d．Many useful things are made of paper．
We make many things out of paper． e．Many things are made of bamboo． We make many things out of bamboo． 虽然把make和of分开，但表示“造就成?、当成是?”的意义时，则仍使用of而不用out of。
f．I will make a teacher of you．我将使你成为教师。
g．She will make a fool of him．她将愚弄他。 （3）in
表示“用?原料、用?语言”意义，in常和write，speak，cast em- broider，paint，answer等动词连用。
a．He painted in oils，but I painted in water-colors．
b．You must write letters in ink．
c．Can you answer it in English？ d．The design is embroidered in gold． e．The statue was cast in bronze． f．He did not write it in ink，but with a pencil．
在表示“材料”时，in常和with混用，须特别注意。in表示“材料”，而with表示“工具”，如“我将用墨水写封信”是：I shall write a letter in ink．而不是用with ink，因为ink为原料而非工具，再如下例则更易混错：write in
pencil/chalk；表示“工具”之意时，则须用write with a pencil/a piece of chalk。判别方法：
①物质名词：表示材料，此时一般用in。 ②普通名同：可表示材料与工具，当该名词前无冠词也不是复数形式时，一般表示材料用in；如有冠词或用复数形式，一般表示工具，用with。in表示“穿戴衣服、鞋子”
等时，常和be dressed，clothed，clad（穿衣），attired（穿着），arrayed（穿着）等连用。
a．We usually write in blue ink． We usually write with pens or pencils． b．Don't write a letter in pencil． Don't write a letter with a pencil． c．She was dressed in a blue hat with a red flower on it．
b．In spring the mountains are clothed in verdure． （4）with
with用于表示材料时，常指“用?装饰、用?充满”之意，常与下列动词连用：abo und，fill，crowd，pack，cram，teem，load，pave，cover，stud（散布），decorate，ornament，sprinkle（撒），stain（沾污），spread，line（排列着），furnish（供应），
equip，stock，arm（装备），store，如a path paved with brick，a career paved with good intentions，a sea studded with islands，load one's stomach with food。 a．India abounds with rain． b．The bottle was filled with water． c．The road is paved with stones． d．The river teems with fish．（Fish teem in this river．）
e．He went home loaded with honours． f．The city was all decorated with flags on National Day．
g．We are well provided with food and clothing．
h．His hands were stained with dye． 7．动词和表示状况、情况的介词into连用