9. Three suggestions are given: 1) to read the owner's manual and become aware of the needed services; 2) to
consult various dealers and compare their services; and 3) to discuss in advance with the service manager
what is to be done and review the cost.
10. The author wrote this article in order to warn drivers against tricky services offered by sophisticated
dealerships, and also to help them learn to protect their own interests. 新视野大学英语教程第五册 课后答案 unit4 Unit four
Comprehension of the Text
1. Because they suffered from low wages and oppressive working conditions.
2. To the first generation of immigrants, work had great virtues. First of all, it ensured their own survival.
Secondly, it made it possible for them to provide a better life and education for their children, which meant
an improvement in their social status. Last but not least, it was the very hard work that gave their labors a
fierce dignity, which served as a driving force in their own life.
3. Generally speaking, it's because the way people view work is much changed. Specifically, there are four
causes. The first is that today's younger workers have little idea about the poverty and suffering of the
Depression and, therefore, don't know what work meant to those who survived the
Depression. The second
cause is that unemployment no longer means personal ruin and shame thanks to elaborate financial cushions.
Thirdly, the loss of a job now carries less personal shame, as it can be blamed on the wild and notorious
behavior of the economy. And finally, work no longer just serves as a means of existence in a society where
expectations are getting higher with rising educational levels.
4. To explain the attitude to work of those who suffered the extreme poverty during the Depression, and to
contrast this with the attitudes of today's younger workers.
5. According to Maslow, work meets human needs in the following hierarchy: first, it provides such basic
means as food and shelter; second, it can provide security; third, it satisfies the need for friendship and
connection with others; fourth, it can help gain respect; and finally, it can satisfy the desire for self-fulfillment.
6. Maslow's scheme is quoted to explain workers' expectations change with social and economic development. Because of these changes, work has different meanings to different groups in
society as they are positioned at different stages in the work hierarchy.
7. The women's rights movement has made it possible for women to pursue careers, not just work for mere
survival. That is to say, they are working at the level of \the highest in
Maslow's work hierarchy.
8. Conditions for some US workers, such as those on assembly lines, may be considered terrible. However, the
medi workers suffered much more misery than those working on the modern assembly line. A poor
Indian rubbish collector lives a more miserable life than a \worker. The average peasant
in South America works harder than most ofAmericans.
9. The author is cautioning that it is important to have a proper sense of perspective about work, before making judgments on particular situations.
10. Work is the most thorough and profound organizing principle in American life in that it helps people
connect with others in a work community and, therefore, satisfy their need for friendship and social relations. Vocabulary
1. esteemed 2. stunned 3. notorious 4. conferred 5. aspiration 6. diluted 7. hierarchy 8. foremost 9. asserted 10. arrogant 11. dreadful 12. recycling
Exercises on CD and web course only: 13. intrinsic 14. destructive 15. gossiping 1. wind up 2. merge with 3. dying off 4. laid off
5. closed down 6. degenerated into 7. in effect 8. apart from
9. irrespective of 10. prone to11. takes a certain amount of people's interest out of 12. kicked around
Exercises on CD and web course only: 13. conferred upon 14. in much the same way that 15.
concentrated upon Colocation
I. stories 2. messages 3, weight 4. meanings 5. honor 6. disease 7. electricity 8, tradition
Exercises on CD and web course only: 9. interest 10. oxygen Translation
I. Those who lead a miserable life often fail to recognize the inherent virtue of work in earning and sustaining their dignity.
2. With the life bettered and levels of education higher, the work ethic is diluted now. 3. The young generation has much difficulty understanding why their ancestors had to focus their minds upon
work as the central concern of existence.
4. According to Maslow, different classes and ethnic groups are positioned at different stages in the work hierarchy.
5. In developing countries, many talented young intellectuals flock in droves to America, which forms the so-called \
6. If a country is prone to high inflation, then its currency will have to be dued to maintain the price
competitiveness of its exports.
7. One expert in sociology believes that work is a means for people to build relationships. In that sense, the
workplace performs the function of a community.
8. The desire to \sometimes degenerate into a selfish discontent.
9. To most Americans today, the blow of being laid off seldom carries the life-and-death implications it once had.
10. Modem workers may have a lot of complaints. But they will feel better when they know that their
predecessors did work under a far more brutal condition during the early stage of the Industrial Revolution.
Work is not only a means of sustaining life. More importantly, it is the way through which people display
their talent, realize their ambitions, build relationships and establish social status. If you understand this
intrinsic value of work, then however dull or hard work may be, it becomes bearable if it helps build up a
reputation, whether in the world at large or only in one's own circle. Updating one's aim is one of the most