云南农业大学工程技术学院毕业设计说明书
毕业设计说明书
四柱液压式举升机的设计
摘 要
由于我国汽车维修检测设备行业起步晚、起点低，整体上仍然相当落后。举升机制造企业生产规模小、经济技术力量薄弱、各自为政、缺乏专业分工和广泛合作；技术吸收、运用、开发、创新能力不强；抄袭、伪造现象和短期行为严重；四柱式液压举升在现代维修中占有越来越重要的地位，市场需求也大。本设计是四柱液压汽车举升机的结构设计，首先对题目进行分析，再结合现有的汽车举升机的结构和液压系统，加上对汽车举升机的深入研究，然后对其中的方案进行拟定选择，并且对其中的重要零部件进行设计校核，并且画出装配图及零件图，从而将四柱液压汽车举升机设计完成。
关键词： 汽车维修 四柱 液压 举升机
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云南农业大学工程技术学院毕业设计说明书
The Design of Hydraulic Four-Column Lift
Mou liang yong Abstract
As China's Auto Service Equipment industry started late, the low starting point, on the whole are still very backward.Lift the small scale manufacturing enterprises, economic and technological strength is weak, fragmented, lack of specialization and extensive cooperation; technology absorption, utilization, development, innovation ability; plagiarism, forgery of phenomena and short-term serious; Four-column Hydraulic LiftingIn modern maintenance plays an increasingly important role, the market demand is also large.The four-post design is the structural design of hydraulic car lift, the first analysis of the subject, combined with the existing structure of the car lift and hydraulic systems, plus in-depth research on the car lift, which thenpreparation program options, and one of the important parts of the design verification, and draw assembly drawings and part drawings, which will complete the four-post design of hydraulic car lift.
Key Words: Vehicle Maintenance，Four-Post，Hydraulic，Lift
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云南农业大学工程技术学院毕业设计说明书
目录
摘 要 ..................................................................................................................................... I Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... II 目录 ...........................................................................................................................................III 图目录 ........................................................................................................................................V 表目录 ...................................................................................................................................... VI 符号及计量单位 ..................................................................................................................... VII 前言 .............................................................................................................................................1 1．设计要求 ...............................................................................................................................2
1.1．该机的用途 ................................................................................................................2 1.2．该机的工作原理 ........................................................................................................2 1.3. 举升机的设计要求 .....................................................................................................2 1.4 该机的主要参数 ..........................................................................................................3 2．总体方案的确定 ...................................................................................................................3
2.1.举升机形式 ...................................................................................................................4
2.1.1单柱式举升机 ....................................................................................................4 2.1.2四柱式举升机 ....................................................................................................5 2.1.3双柱式举升机 ....................................................................................................6 2.1.5地沟式举升机 ....................................................................................................7 2.2.机械装置的确定 .........................................................................................................10
2.2.1纯机械结构 ......................................................................................................10 2.2.2气压传动 ..........................................................................................................10 2.2.3液压结构。 ......................................................................................................12 2.3联动装置的确定 .........................................................................................................13 2.4.驱动方案的确定 .........................................................................................................13
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云南农业大学工程技术学院毕业设计说明书
2.5液压传动方案的确定 .................................................................................................13 2.6安全保险装置 .............................................................................................................14 3.主要部件的设计计算和校核 ................................................................................................15
3.1机械部分的设计计算 .................................................................................................15
3.1.1主立柱的截面的分析和计算 ..........................................................................15 3.1.2对托臂进行设计计算 ......................................................................................17 3.1.3升降架的设计计算 ..........................................................................................19 3.2传动部分的设计计算 .................................................................................................21
3.2.1钢丝绳的设计计算： ......................................................................................22 3.2.2滑轮转轴的设计计算 ......................................................................................22 3.3液压传动部分部件的选择和校核 .............................................................................27
3.3.1液压缸的设计和校核 ......................................................................................27 3.3.1.6 液压缸的校核 ..............................................................................................29 3.3.1.6.1液压缸活塞杆的强度校核 ........................................................................29 3.3.1.6.2活塞杆稳定性校核 ....................................................................................30 3.3.1.6.3缸壁强度校核 ............................................................................................31 3.3.2液压泵的选择 ..................................................................................................32 3.3.3 液压阀的选择 .................................................................................................33 3.3.4油箱的选择 ......................................................................................................34
4.安全保险装置的设计计算和校核 ........................................................................................35
4.1 锁紧机构的设计计算 ................................................................................................35
4.1.1 棘爪的设计计算 .............................................................................................37 4.1.2 棘爪转轴的设计计算 .....................................................................................39
5.绘制有关零件图和装配图 ....................................................................................................41 6本设计的经济成本核算以及使用说明 ................................................................................41 总结 ...........................................................................................................................................42 参考文献 ...................................................................................................................................43 致谢 ...........................................................................................................................................44
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云南农业大学工程技术学院毕业设计说明书
图目录
图1.1单柱举升机??????????????????????????? 3 图1.2四柱举升机??????????????????????????? 3
图1.3双柱举升机 ?????????????????????????? 5 图1.4剪式举升机??????????????????????????? 5 图1.5地沟式举升机?????????????????????????? 6 图2.1液压系统工作原理图??????????????????????? 10 图3.1立柱主要尺寸?????????????????????????? 11 图3.2立柱受力图??????????????????????????? 12 图3.3托臂截面图????????????????????????? ? 13
图3.4 托臂受力图????????????????????????? 13 图3.5托臂剪力图和弯矩图??????????????????????? 14 图3.5 升降架受力图????????????????????????? 15 图3.6升降架剪力图和弯矩图?????????????????????? 16 图3.7滑轮转轴受力图????????????????????????? 18 图3.8 滑轮转轴剪力和弯矩图?????????????????????? 18 图3.9 滑轮转轴受力图????????????????????????? 19 图3.10 剪力图和弯矩图????????????????????????? 19 图3.11 滑轮转轴受力图????????????????????????? 20 图3.12 弯矩图和受力图????????????????????????? 21 图4.1锁紧装置简图?????????????????????????? 28 图4.2锁紧机构示意图??????????????????????????29 图4.3棘爪受力图 ??????????????????????????? 30 图4.4棘爪剪力图和弯矩图??????????????????????? 31 图4.5凸轮转轴受力图????????????????????????? 33
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