六、常用介词的用法 1、aboard
（1）在?（船舶、飞机、火车、公共汽车等）上 （2）上（船舶、飞机、火车、公共汽车等）
I have never been aboard an airplane.我从来没坐过飞机。 The passengers went aboard the ship.乘客们上了船。 2、about
（1）在?周围；在?附近
They planted trees about the house.他们植树于房屋四周。 There is a tall tree about the house.房子旁边有一棵大树。 （2）在各处
Such posters are put up about the city.城市到处都贴了这种海报。 （3）在?身边；手头
Have you got some money about you? 你身上有钱吗？
注意：about用作“在周围、在四周”时，可以与round或around互相换用。 （4）大约
It is about eight o'clock.大约八点了。
The apple is about the size of one's fist.那苹果差不多和拳头一样大。 The price is about 100 Yuan.价格约为一百元。 （5）从事于?
What are you about? 你在干什么？ He is going about his work.他正在工作。 （6）即将
She is about to be married.她就要结婚了。 （7）关于
I have heard a lot about you from my friends.我从朋友里听到很多有关你的事。 What are you talking about? 你在说些什么？ 3、above （1）在?上方
A beautiful lamp hangs above the table.桌子上方挂着一盏漂亮的灯。 The kite is far up above the tree.风筝高高飘在树上方。
注意：above可以表示在正上方，也可以表示不是正上方，与它对应的是below。over表示正上方，与它对应的是under。 （2）超过
The meeting lasted above three hours会议开了三个多小时。 Above all, we love truth.我们爱真理胜过一切。
This problem is above my understanding.这个问题我不懂。
I'm above him by two grades in the school.我在学校里比他高两级。 4、across
（1）在?另一边，在对过
His shop is just across the street.他的商店就在街对面。 （2）和?交叉
The two roads run across each other in the field.那两条路在田野里交叉通过。 （3）横跨、横过
The villagers built a bridge across the river.村民在河上架起了一座桥。 The plane flew across the desert.那架收音机飞越了沙漠。 5、after
（1）（地点、位置）在?后面
Please close the door after you.请随手关门。 Summer comes after spring.春天过后是夏天。
注意：after指时间次序的“在后”。指“位置”的“在后”应该用behind，但是在表示含有次序在后意思的位置时，也可以after。如上例。 （2）（时间）在?之后
He arrived there after three days.他三天之后到达那里。 I shall go there after four o'clock.四点以后我要去那里。
注意：after用于指过去的某时间以后，一般不用于将来。但如指具体的某时刻、日期等以后，则可用于将来时。
（3）依照、适合、仿照
The house was built after the Chinese style.那房子是仿中国式样盖的。 He was named after his uncle.他以叔叔之名为名。 （4）追求，追寻
Whom are you after? 你在找谁？
The police were running after the thief.警察在追小偷。 （5）因为
He ought to succeed after such hard work.他如此努力应该成功。 （6）关于
She required after your health.她问起你的健康。 6、against （1）反对、逆
I'm against your plan.我反对你的计划。 Luck is against him.他运气不好。
He is swimming against the river.他逆水游泳。
He has sold his car against his will.他违背本意出售了自己的车。 We must fight against pollution.我们必须同污染作斗争。 （2）衬托，对照；以?为背影
The ship appeared against the sky.船出现在天际。 against a dark black ground以暗黑色为背景 （3）靠、依、接触
He leaned against the wall.他依墙而立。
Please hang this picture against the wall there.请将这幅画挂在墙上。 （4）碰（撞）在?
The rain is beating against the window.雨敲打着窗子。 The ship struck against the rock.船触礁了。 （5）以防、以备
Ants store food against the winter.蚂蚁贮存食物以备过冬。 Protect the grain against rain.护好粮食以防雨淋。 7、along沿着、顺着
She looked out sadly at a gray cat walking along a gray fence in a gray backyard.她满面愁
容地呆瞅着灰蒙蒙的后院里正沿着一道灰色的篱笆走着的一只灰色的猫。 8、among （1）在?当中
This is a common mistake among students.这是在学生当中一个普遍的错误。 That book is the best among modern novels.在近代小说中，那本书是最好的。 （2）在?所围绕之中
They built a house among the trees.他们于树林之中建一屋。 The town lies among the mountains.此镇位在群山环抱之中。
注意：among与between 的区别：among.表示三者或三者以上的中间，between表两者之间或者三者以上的两者之间。
There is a railway between the two cities.两城之间有一条铁路。
There are so many desks in the classroom that there is hardly any room to move between them.教室里课桌是如此之多，以致桌与桌之间几乎没有走动的空间了。 9、around
（1）环绕，在...的周围
She is going to travel around the world.她将作环球旅行。 Trees lie around the house.房子的四周都是树木。
The students sat around their teacher.学生坐在老师的周围。 （2）在那一边，在转过?的地方
The company is just around the corner.拐弯过去就是那家公司。
注意：around和round常可互换，英国英语中常用round和about,美国英语中常用around。round词性较多，可用作形容词、副词、介词等。around只作介词和副词。另外，表示“在附近”、“各处”等常用around，表示“圆周运动”、“测量”时用round。 （3）大约
The fighting began around eight o'clock.战斗大约在八点开始。 The trip cost me around 50 dollars.这次旅行花了我约五十美元。 10、as充当，担任，作为
Who will act as our maths teacher? 谁将做我们的教学老师？ As a teacher, I must try my best.作为老师，我当尽力。 11、at
（1）在（小地方或地理上的一个点）
I'll wait for you at the school gate.我在校门口等你。 （2）在（时间上的点，常用于几点几分）
We came here at half past nine.我们九点半到达这里。 （3）在?的旁边
They were sitting at the desk.他们正坐在桌子边。 （4）向、对准
Don't laugh at me.别嘲笑我。
The boy threw a stone at the dog.那男孩朝狗扔石块。 （5）对（一般用于表示感情的动词之后）
We are surprised at the news.听到这个消息，我们很惊讶。
The father was angry at the boy's laziness.父亲因那孩子的懒惰而生气。 （6）正在，正处在（在名词前表状态）
He is at school(work)now.现在他正在上学（工作）。
（7）表示比率、速度、价格
The car can go at 100 km an hour.这车速度可达每小时一百公里。 I bought the picture at a high price.我花大价钱买下了那幅画。 （8）依据，按照（请求、提议、吩咐、号召）
At your request, I finished the job on time.接你的要求，我及时完成了工作。 They went to Hangzhou at my suggestion.依我的建议，他们到杭州去了。 （9）处于、达到（极点、顶点）
They shouted at the top of his voice.他大声喊叫
The coat doesn't fit me at all.这衣服我穿着一点也不合适。 I suppose he is 25 at most.我以为他最多二十五岁。 12、before
（1）（位置）在前，在?面前，当?的面
She sat before me in the classroom.在教室里她坐在我前面。 They fought before the judge.当着法官的面，他们打了起来。
注意：表示位置在前面时，before是正式用词，一般情况下可用in front of替代，与之对应的词是behind；表示建筑物的前面，用in front of不用before. （2）（时间、次序）在?以前，先于
Please come here before six o'clock.请在六点以前到这里来。 You should do thinking before act.你该三思而后行。
His name comes before yours on the list.在名单上他的名字列在你的名字前面。 13、behind
（1）（位置）在后、在背后
The boy hid behind the door.那男孩躲在门后。 The village is behind the hill.村庄在山后面。 （2）（遗、留）在?身后
He left his hat behind him in a hurry.仓促之间他把帽子丢下了。
Martin Luther King left behind him a great thought for us .马丁·路德·金给我们留下了伟大的思想。
注意：表示建筑物的后面用at the back of,但是和表示在建筑物前面不能用before不同，说在建筑物后面却可以用behind。 （3）支持，作?后盾
Because you are behind us ,we are not afraid .有你支持，我们不害怕。 （4）落后于?，不如?
I'm behind Xiao Liu in English.我英语不如小刘学得好。
We are still behind some advanced countries in some fields.在一些领域里我们仍落后于一些发达国家。 14、below
（1）在?下面、低于（等级、职务、程度、水平） He went below the deck.他到甲板下面去了。
The temperature drops to below zero.气温降到零度以下。 He is very kind to those below his rank.他对下级很和善。 I'm below him in English.我英语不如他。 （2）不足?（数量、价值等）
The number of students in our class is below sixty.我们班学生不足六十人。
They will not sell it below the price of 100 dollars.价格低于一百元他们不卖。 15、beside （1）在?的旁边
Come and sit beside me.过来坐在我身边 （2）离开（范围），与?无关
The discussion is beside the question.讨论离题了。 They agreed beside the point.他们议论得不贴题。 （3）与?相比
Beside his efforts ours seem small.与他们的努力相比，我们的努力微不足道。 16、besides除?之外
Besides English, he would like to study German and Japanese.除了英语他还想学德语和日语。 Besides giving the patients medical treatment, the doctor also made scientific.医生除了给病人治病以外还从事科学研究。
注意：besides与except同可译为“除?以外”。Besides有“包括在内”之意，而except则无。 17、between
（1）在两者之间（时间、距离、情感等）
Do you know the differences between American English and British English? 你知道美国英语和英国美语的不同吗？
We have our breakfast between seven and half past seven.我们在七点到七点半之间吃早饭。 between five and six km五、六公里之间 （2）在（两人）之间
A look passed between them.他们彼此递了个眼色。 the relation between teachers and students师生关系 18、beyond
（1）越过，在?之较远的一边
He lives three doors beyond this place.他住在过此三家之处。 They live beyond the river .他们住在河那边。 （2）为?所不能及，出乎?之外
What you did is beyond my imagination.你的行为出乎我的想象。 The dying boy is beyond help.这个将夭折的孩子无法挽救。 This book is beyond me.这本书我看不懂。 （3）高于，超出
He is far beyond me in maths.他的数学比我强多了。
He asked a price beyond what I can pay.他所要的价，我付不起。 （4）除?之外
I'll pay nothing beyond this.我只付这些。 （5）较?更远
His home is beyond the station.他的家比到车站还远。 19、but
（1）除?之外（=except）
He works everyday but Sunday.除星期天外，他每天都工作。 Who but a fool do such a thing? 除了傻瓜谁还去做这种事呢？ 20、by
（1）被，由，为?