The fish was eaten by the cat.鱼让猫吃了。
Have you read Merchant of Venice by Shakespeare? 你读过莎士比亚的《威尼斯商人》吗？ （2）在?旁，在?手头
The village lies by the river.村子在小河旁。 I have no money by me.我手头上没有钱。
注意：by表示位置在旁边、靠近的意思时和beside互用；作“在?手头”讲时，与about互用。 （3）（时间）到?以前，不迟于?
Please go to his office by two o'clock.请在二点以前到他的办公室去。 We work by day and sleep by night.我们白天工作，夜里睡觉。 （4）支持
Don't worry .We are standing by you.不用担心，我们支持你。 （5）从?旁经过
I saw him run by the house.我见他从房子旁边跑过。 （6）由于
I took his pen by mistake.我错拿了他的笔。 （7）依照，按照
What time is it by your watch? 你的表几点了？ Never judge a person by his appearance.不要以貌取人。 They are paid by the hour.他们的报酬以小时计算。
Do you know the person by the name of Smith? 你认识名叫史密斯的那个人吗？ （8）以，用，靠，借?（方式，方法，手段）
They took the enemy by surprise.他们突然袭击了敌人。 We traveled by land.我们由陆路旅行。 I caught him by the arm.我抓住了他的胳膊。
We express our feeling by words.我们通过语言表达感情。 He succeeded by working hard.他由于努力工作而获得成功。 （9）逐个，一个一个地
The students entered the classroom one by one.学生们一个一个地进入教室。 Progress is made step by step.成绩是一步步取得的。 （10）相差
The price of medicine was reduced by 15%.药品价格降低了15%。 He is older than me by three years.他比我大三岁。 21、down （1）在?下方
Shanghai lies down the Changjiang River.上海位于长江的下游。 My home is far down the street.我的家在这条街的尽头。 （2）向...而下,沿着
He was coming down the stairs when I came in.我进去的时候,他正在下楼。 （3）沿?而下，沿着
Tears poured down her face.她泪如雨下。
Go down the street and soon you will see the post office.沿着街向前走，很快你就会看到邮局。 （4）（从住宅区或郊区）向?（城内繁华区）
I'll go down town to do some shopping.我要去城里买东西。 22、during在?期间，当?之际
He came to call on me during my absence.我不在的时候他来看我。 They worked during the day.他们白天工作。
What was the most important event during the last century? 上个世纪最重要的事件是什么？ 23、except除?外
We all went there except Tom.除汤姆之外，我们都去了。
The letter is good except for the spelling.该信很通顺，只是拼写有误。
The hat is very satisfactory, except that it doesn't fit me.这项帽子很不错，只可惜不适合我。 24、for （1）对?而言
The job is easy for me to do.我做这工作很容易。 （2）为
It's time for rest.到了休息的时候了。 It is for you to decide.该由你决定。
I wanted two seats for Madame Curie for Friday night, so I rang the cinema to see if I could book two tickets.我想要两个星期五晚上《居里夫人》的位子，因此我给电影院打电话看看能否订两张票。 （3）向、朝
We are leaving for Shanghai.我们要去上海。 He headed for the riverside.他朝河边走去。 （4）由于
He was punished for stealing.他因偷窃而受惩罚。
He was rewarded for saving the girl's life.他因为救了那女孩的命而奖赏。 （5）给予、适于
This is a letter for you.这是给你的信。 These are books for children.这些书适合儿童看。
He is the right man for the job.他正是适合干这工作的人。 （6）交换，代表
He sold the horse for 20 dollars.他把马卖了二十美元。 P.E stands for P.E代表体育。
We should change the desk for a new one.我们该把桌子换成新的。
His father gave him a check for 100 dollars.他爸爸给了他一张一百元的支票。 （7）赞成（与against相反）
Are you against or for the plan? 你是支持还是反对这个计划？ （8）当作
They trained the young men for players.他们训练这些年轻人当运动员。 （9）经历?之久（指时间或距离）
He has been waiting for two hours .他已等了二个小时。
They walked for 20 miles before they saw a village.他们走了二十里路才看到一个村子。 （10）希望，渴望，贪求
We hope for rains.我们盼下雨。
All nations are anxious for peace.各民族都盼望和平。 We long for home.我们想回家。 （11）虽然，尽管（in spite of）
For all his wealth, he was unhappy.虽然他很有钱，但他并不幸福。 For all his shortcomings, I like him still.虽然他有缺点，我仍喜欢他。
25、from
（1）从，自，由（表来源、起点）
Where does he come from? 他是哪里人？
I have received a letter from a friend.我接到朋友的一封信。
You should work hard from start to finish.你应该自始至终地努力工作。 （2）为（尤指疾病）
I suffered from a clod.我患感冒。 （3）以免，防止
Mother prevents me from watching TV.妈妈不让我看电视。
You should protect the child from cold.你该照顾好孩子别让他感冒了。 （4）与（表比较、区别等）
He can't tell right from wrong.他是非不分。 This differs from that.这个与那个不同。 （5）依据
Judging from what he said ,you did wrong.依他的话判断，你做错了。 to speak from experience根据经验说话 （6）又（表示动作反复）
The news passed from mouth to mouth.消息从一个传到另一人. He travelled from place to place.他旅行一地又一地. 26、in
（1）在?内，在?中（表场所或方向）
There are dozens of people in the room.屋子里有许多人。 He saw a man in the distance.他看到远处有一人。 In which direction did he go? 他朝哪个方向去了？ （2）进入（into）
Throw it in the fire.把它抛入火中。 （3）在（环境）下，在（情况）下 Don't sit in the sun.别坐在太阳下。 He went out in the rain.他冒雨外出。 （4）用
to write in ink用墨水写字 to speak in English用英语讲话 （5）在?方向
He has made great progress in English.他英语有很大的进步。 They believe in God.他们信仰上帝。 He is weak in physics.他物理不好。 （6）在一段时间内，在?之后（未来时间） It is hot in summer.夏天很热。 in the morning在清晨
He will return in two days.两天后他将回来。 （7）身着
The girl is dressed in red.那女孩穿着红色的衣服。 （8）表状态
Don't go in such a hurry.别走得这么快。
He is in good health.他身体健康。
We are in need of time and money.我们需要时间和钱。 Sorry, my dictionary is in use.对不起，我的字典正用着。 27、inside在?的里面（与outside相反）
Inside the box is a present.盒子里面有一件礼物。 He was standing inside the door.他站在门里边。 28、into（与out of相反） （1）进入?之内；深入?之中
The boys went into the house.孩子们进入屋内。
Our teachers worked far into the night.我们的教师一直工作到深夜。 You should put your heart into study.你要专心于学习。 （2）成为
The novel has been translated into English.这本小说已被译成英语。 The rain later turned into snow.雨后来变成了雪。 The apple is divided into two parts.苹果被分成两半。 29、like像，似，如
He looks like his father.他长得像他爸爸。
He climbed the tree like a monkey.他像猴子一样爬树。 30、near近,接近,几乎
Don't sand so near the train.不要站得离火车这么近。 I came very near being caught by him.我几乎被他抓住了。 The bridge is near completion.大桥即将竣工了。 31、of
（1）属于（表所有关系）
He is a friend of mine.他是我的一个朋友。 （2）由?制成，由?组成
The house is made of bricks.房子是由砖砌的。 a dress of silk一件丝绸衣服 （3）关于
What do you think of the picture? 你以为这幅画如何？ I have never heard of such things.我从来听说过这种事。 （4）由于
You need not be ashamed of your poverty.你不必以贫穷为耻。 In the old days many people died of hunger.那时有许多人死于饥饿。 （5）从（out of）
She came of a noble family.她出身于贵族门第。 （6）表部分关系 a cup of tea一杯茶 a piece of paper一张纸 a pound of sugar一磅糖 （7）同位关系
the city of Rome 罗马城
the fact of my having seen him我看见他这个事实 the fool of a man那个傻瓜
（8）描写关系
a girl of ten years 一位十岁的女孩 a look of pity令人哀怜的神色 a story of adventure冒险故事 （9）承受关系
The writing of this letter troubled me a lot .写这封信让我很为难。 Do you know the creation of man? 你知道人是如何创造的吗？ I hate the telling of lies.我痛恨说谎。 32、off （1）距、离?
Keep off the grass.勿踏草地。
The house stands miles off the main road.这房子离大路有好几英里。 There is a small island ten miles off the land.离海岸十英里处有一小岛。 （2）离开
The cover has come off my book.书的封面脱落了。 He fell off his horse.他从马上掉下来。 （3）解脱，免除
His words took off my mind.他的话让我如释重担。 I'm glad you are off smoking.我很高兴你戒烟了。 33、on （1）在?上
There is a book on the desk.桌子上有一本书。
Columbus sailed on the Atlantic Ocean and discovered America in 1492.1492年哥伦布出航大西洋并发现了美洲。
Have you got any cigarettes on you? 你身上带烟了吗？ （2）邻近，濒临
Qingdao is a beautiful city on the coast of the sea.青岛是一座邻海的美丽城市。 Hebei lies on the north of Shandong.河北在山东的北面。
（3）（指时间）在（某时或某日的各时段或特指的时段）；就在?（时），刚? We have no class on Sunday.星期天我们不上课。
The People's Republic of china was founded on Oct.1st ,1949.中华人民共和国是在1949年10月1日建立的。
They escaped from the prison on a rainy night.他们在一个雨夜从监狱逃走。 On hearing the news, we jumped with joy.听到这个消息，我们高兴地跳了起来。 （4）在?（状态、情况、场合）中
These new TV sets will be on sale in the market.这些新电视机将推向市场。 The building has been on fire for hours.这座大楼已烧了几个小时。 They are in Shenzhen on business.他们在深圳做生意。 Who is on duty today? 今天谁值日？ （5）作用于，影响于
The medicine doesn't work on him.那药对他不起作用。
The storm had no effect on the crops.这场暴风雨对庄稼没有影响。 （6）依赖
He lives on his wages.他靠他的工资生活。