专业英语期末考试前复习
一、请将以下缩写用英语进行完整表述 1. TD ---technical director 2.PAs ----production assistant 3.LD---lighting director 4.CS---continuity secretary 5.MS---medium shot 6. MCU ---medium close-up 7. WS ---wide-shot 8. XLS ---extreme long shot 9.XCUs---extreme close-ups 10.DOF---depth of field 11.EDL---edit decision list 二、用英语解释下面词汇
1.target audience n.目标观众，目标受众
the audience your production is designed to reach 2.lap-dissolves n.溶（特技效果）
two video sources overlap for a few seconds during the transition from one to the other. 3.fade-out n.淡出（特技效果）
It is a two-or three-second transition from a full signal to black and silence.
4.dolly n.摄像机纵向移动
the camera is moved toward or away from the subject . 5.cut or take n.切换
Cuts or takes are instant transitions from one video source to another.
6.medium shot(MS) n.中景
It is normally a shot from the waist up. 7.medium close-up(MCU) n. 中近景
It is a shot cropped between the shoulders and the belt line, rather than at the waist. 8．focal length n.焦距
It is the distance from the optical center of the lens to the focal plane of the video camera when the lens is focused at infinity.
9.Zoom ratio n.变焦比
to define the focal length range for a zoom lens. 10.iris n.光圈
to control the amount of light passing through the lens.
11.f-stops n.光圈系数
It is the ratio between the lens opening and the lens focal length.
12.lens speed n.镜头速度
It is the maximum amount of light that can pass through the lens to end up on the target. 13.coherence n. 光的干涉性
It is called quality, is the hardness or softness of light. 14.Continuity editing n.连续编辑
to arrange the sequence of shots to suggest a progression of events. 15.insert shots n.插入镜头
It is a close-up of something that exists within the basic scene.
16.thematic editing n.主题编辑
It is montage editing, images are edited together based only on a central theme. 三、填空
Unit 1
frame, field, CMOS, CCD, pixel, wave pattern, sample, amplifier
1) amplifier is electronic equipment that increases strength of signals passing through it.
2) sample is the result of measuring the amplitude of an analog signal at a specified time. In digital signal processing a sample is a signed or unsigned number and the number of sample per second is called the sample rate. 3) wave pattern is an outward curve, or one of a series of such curves, in a surface or line; undulation.
4) pixel is the basic unit of the composition of an image on a television screen, computer monitor, or similar display.
5) CCD is a semiconductor chip with a grid of light-sensitive elements, used for converting light images, as in a television camera, into electrical signals.
6)CMOS is a integrated circuit. A semiconductor fabrication technology is used as a RAM.
7) frame is a single traversal by the electron beam of all the scanning lines on a television screen. In the U.S. this is a total of 525 lines traversed in 1/30 second. 8) One half of the scanning lines required to form a complete television frame. In U.S., two field are displayed in 1/30 second: all the odd---number lines in one field and all the even lines in the next field. Unit 2
director, technical director, set designer, video switch, lighting director, camera operator, audio director, script
1) technical director is responsible for the entire hardware. In case of a technical breakdown, he is expected to propose adequate solutions.
2) set designer is responsible for the stage setting and miscellaneous stage accessories.
3) director is responsible for overall direction of program making and directs the production work.
4) video switch operates the video control panel is accordance with the director’s instructions.
5) camera operator takes instruction from the director and operates a video camera.
6) Under the authority of the director, lighting director is in charge the lighting system.
7) audio director arranges for the audio recording equipment, sets up and checks microphones, monitors audio quality during the production.
8) script is a document, which contains descriptive information concerning pictures and sounds for a video program.
Unit 3
Preproduction, special effect, rehearsal, location scout, postproduction
1) Preproduction is the steps necessary to prepare a film for production, as casting, choosing locations, and designing sets ans costumes.
2) special effect is visual effect added to a movie or a taped television show during processing. Often used in the plural.
3) rehearsal means running through a practice session in preparation for a public performance.
4) postproduction occurs in the making of motion pictures, television programs, videos, audio recordings, photography and digital art. It is the general term for all stages of production occurring after the actual end of shooting and/or recording the completed work.
5) location scout is a vital process in the pre-production stage of filmmaking and commercial photography. Once scriptwriters, producers or directors have decided what general kind of scenery they require for the various parts of their work that is shot outside of the studio.
Unit 4
lap-dissolves, establishing shot, MCU, dolly, close-up, XCU, LS, tilt, truck, two-shot, cover shot, fade-in, fade-out, cut
1) In film and television, an establishing shot sets up, or cover shot, a scene’s setting and/or its participants. Typically it is a shot at the beginning (or, occasionally, end) of a scene indicating where, and sometimes when, the remainder of the scene takes place.
2) lap-dissolves (sometimes called a cross-fade, mix or simply a dissolve) is a
technical term in film editing most often used in the United States, applying to the process whereby the fading last shot of a preceding scene is superimposed over the emerging first shot.
3) fade-in is a special effect that a gradual increase in the visibility of a scene. fade-out is that gradual decrease in the visibility of a scene. 4) MCU is a shot cropped between the shoulders and the belt line. 5) dolly is to move a camera, esp. toward or away from the subject being filmed or television.
6) XCU may show just the eyes of an individual and often necessary to reveal important detail.
7) LS shows all or most of a fairly large subject (for example, a person) and usually much of the surroundings.
8) two-shot is a shot of two people together. 9) close-up is a picture which shows a fairly small part of the scene, such as a character’s face, in great detail so that it fills the screen.
10) tilt is a vertical movement of the camera –up or down ---while the camera mounting stays fixed.
11) truck the camera moves (crabs) right or left. 12) cut is sudden change of shot from one viewpoint or location to another.
Unit 5
Facilities Request Form, terminology, live broadcasting, virtual sets
1) In the Facilities Request Form you will list the production and rehearsal dates and times, studio space needed, personnel required, and the number of cameras, video recorders and mics needed.
2) In early days, television settings have been suggested by painted backgrounds. Although virtual sets are making definite inroads, especially where special effects are involved, there are still advantages for the actors to work within realistic settings.
3) live broadcasting is (of a radio or television program) broadcast while happening or being performed; not prerecorded or taped.
4) terminology is the science of terms, as in particular sciences or arts.
Unit 6
sharpness, zoom ratio, iris, telephoto, aperture, F-stop, lens speed, focal length 1) focal length is the distance from the optical center of the lens to the focal plane of the video camera when the lens is focused at infinity.