ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT
The highly flexible CNC machining technology,high-precision,high-speed machining technology integration can solve mechanical products in the manufacture of many problems,such as access to special machining accuracy and surface quality. Thus , high-speed CNC machine tools is one of the technology infrastructure and the development direction of the equipment manufacturing industry,equipment manufacturing industry is a strategic industry,the technology and the level of ownership is also a measure of how much the level of a country's manufacturing signs. The rapid development of fast-growing and high -speed machining technology CNC machine tools demand,while the ultra high-speed spindle is an important component to achieve high-speed CNC machining technology,so the high-speed spindle technology raised new demands and challenges. As a core component of the high-speed CNC machine tools,spindle structure is an ideal high-speed spindle , the spindle is an intelligent features,not only high speed, high power, but also has control of the spindle vibration,temperature and operating parameters of the machine function,and therefore one of the main bearing high-speed cutting technology, its performance largely determines the machining accuracy and efficiency of the whole machine . In this paper, the rated speed 20000r/min, power 4kw, corresponding to the design requirements for structural design , design elements include :
(1)Spindle spindle size of the design,according to the rated speed 20000r/min, power 4kw and basic knowledge of mechanical design . Determine the minimum axial dimension , while identifying the longest extended end according to the corresponding period. And thus determine the overall size of the spindle.
(2)Selection and design of the cooling system of the bearing , the selection of hybrid ceramic bearing ball bearing , which has the characteristics of high-speed, high stiffness , high power, long life . Cooling system uses an external water cooling.
(3)Spindle housing size design, according to the above design is completed the appropriate design of the housing and make housing designed to meet the corresponding requirements . Especially the dimensional accuracy requirements are relatively high, the dimensional accuracy of the housing directly affects the integrated precision spindle .
KEY WORDS: Electric Spindle,Bearing spindle,Cooling system ,Housing select
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西安交通大学城市学院本科生毕业设计（论文）
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目录
目 录
摘 要.............................................................. I ABSTRACT.......................................................... III 1 绪论.............................................................. 1
1.1 论文的研究背景及意义 ........................................ 1
1.1.1 论文研究的背景......................................... 1 1.1.2 论文研究的意义......................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究现状 .............................................. 2
1.2.1 国内研究现状........................................... 2 1.2.2 国外研究现状........................................... 3 1.3 国内外数控机床电主轴的未来的发展趋势 ........................ 3
1.3.1电机的研发 ............................................. 3 1.3.2轴承的研发 ............................................. 4 1.4 本论文研究的目的和内容 ...................................... 5 2 电机驱动形式、控制方式............................................ 6 2.1电主轴的结构图 .................................................. 7
2.2 电主轴结构设计要求 .......................................... 7 2.2.1 设计要求; ................................................. 7 2.3 引言： ...................................................... 7 2.4 电机的控制形式： ............................................ 7
2.4.1 普通变频驱动和控制..................................... 7 2.4.2 矢量控制驱动器的驱动和控制............................. 8 2.5 电主轴控制形式和驱动形式的选择 ............................. 10 3 主要零部件的设计................................................. 11
3.1 轴承的选择 ................................................. 11
3.1.1 引言.................................................. 11 3.1.2 主轴最小截面的估算：.................................. 11 3.1.3 轴承选择：............................................ 11 3.1.4 轴承参数的确定：...................................... 11 3.1.5 轴承的润滑方式：...................................... 12 3.1.6 轴承的排列方式：...................................... 12 3.1.7 轴承预载荷的确定：.................................... 13 3.2 电主轴主轴的设计 ........................................... 13
3.2.1 引言.................................................. 13 3.2.2 主轴的外伸端及跨距的计算：............................ 13 3.2.3 主轴的径向尺寸：...................................... 15 3.2.4 主轴的校核：.......................................... 16 3.3 转子和定子的设计 ........................................... 17
3.3.1 引言.................................................. 17 3.3.2 动态过盈和静态过盈计算................................ 17 3.3.3 转子与定子配合的选择.................................. 19 3.3.4 定子与转子配合公差的校核.............................. 19
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西安交通大学城市学院本科生毕业设计（论文）
3.4 轴承寿命的估算 ............................................. 19
3.4.1 引言.................................................. 19 3.4.2 轴承寿命的分析：...................................... 19 3.4.3 轴承寿命计算公式...................................... 19 3.4.4 角接触球轴承滚珠的偏心率的计算........................ 20 3.4.6 陶瓷球的离心力的计算：................................ 21
3.4.7 L10的计算： ........................................... 21 3.4.8 R的计算如下所示： .................................... 22 3.4.9 轴承L0的计算 ......................................... 23
4 辅助系统的设计................................................... 25 4.1 冷却系统的设计 ............................................. 25
4.1.1 引言：................................................ 25 4.1.2 电主轴发热分析：...................................... 25 4.1.3 机械损失:............................................. 25 4.1.4 电损耗：.............................................. 25 4.1.5 磁损耗：.............................................. 26 4.1.6 陶瓷球轴承的发热计算：................................ 27 4.2 冷却液流量的及冷却油管直径的确定 ........................... 28
4.2.1 引言.................................................. 28 4.2.2 冷却液流量的确定：.................................... 28 4.2.3 管道的尺寸确定........................................ 29 4.3 润滑系统的选择： ........................................... 29 4.4 电主轴轴壳的尺寸 ........................................... 29
4.4.1 引言：................................................ 30 4.4.2 轴壳的尺寸............................................ 30
5 结论与展望....................................................... 31 致谢............................................................... 33 参考文献........................................................... 35
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1 绪论
1 绪论
1.1 论文的研究背景及意义
1.1.1 论文研究的背景
随着社会生产和科学技术的迅速发展，机械产品日趋精密复杂，且要求频繁
改型，特别是在宇航，造船，军事等领域所需的机械零件，精度要求高，形状复杂，批量小。加工这类产品需要经常改装和调整设备，普通机床已不能适应这些要求，数控机床应用而生，这种新型机床具有适应性强，加工精度高，加工质量稳定和生产效率高等优点。
特别是高速数控机床在我国实现现代化的进程中也占有重要的地位。它是装备制造业的技术基础和发展方向之一，是战略性产业。同时，高速加工技术在提升零件表面质量、精度和减少工件热变形方面有较大优势，也是现代先进制造技术之一。而且数控机床已成为发展高速加工技术的支柱性、决定性因素，而内置电主轴电机的品质将直接决定高速数控机床的技术水平。电主轴单元已在机械、电子、航空航天、国防、冶金、食品、化工、医药、和光学等领域内表现出旺盛的生命力。
数控机床电主轴技术的产生实现了在极短的时间内实现升降速，并在指定位置快速准停，而且使机床的传动链的长度缩短为零，实现了零传动，且不会在高速状态下打滑，产生振动和噪音。使得高速数控机床的传动环节的机械结构得到极大的简化，数控机床的整体尺寸也得以缩减，将机床主轴与主轴电机融为一体的新技术。
1.1.2 论文研究的意义
数控机床的研究既是市场竞争的制高点，也一直是世界各国竞相投入大量人力、物力研究的热点。它综合应用了电子计算机，自动控制，伺服驱动，精密测量和新型机械结构等多方面的技术成果，它同时还是高速电机和精密主轴的有机结合体，是今后数控机床的发展方向。现代化高速主轴系统采用的是电主轴,即所谓的机电一体化主轴，电主轴及驱动系统是一套完整的,独立的功能部件。它包括：主轴动力系统、主轴、伺服系统、控制系统、轴承和机架等几个部分。它要求动平衡高，刚性好，回转精度高，有良好的热稳定性，能传递足够的力矩和功率，能承受高的离心力，带有准确的测温装置和高效的冷却装置。它不仅能使主轴直接产生电磁转矩,具有低损耗,长寿命的特点,而且还具有高精度,高转速,低振动,低噪音等优良的机械特性而且数控机床电主轴的经济效益也是不容忽视的，它可使加工时间大幅缩短，加工节拍只有原来的四分之一，可以实现投资资
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