Lecture 1
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1（1）We can improve its performance when we use super-heated steam.
An improvement of its performance can be affected by the use of super-heated steam （2）If we add or remove heat, the state of matter may change. The addition or removal of heat may change the state of matter.
2 (1) You clearly can see the difference between the treated and untreated specimens. The difference between the treated and untreated specimens can be clearly seen
(2) Effective vaccines present such hazards, but only if a social organization could make sure that all potential mothers are vaccinated in good time.
Effective vaccines present such hazards, but only if a social organization could ensure that all potential mothers are vaccinated in good time.
3. Study this paragraph and underline any examples of poor style.
How to make people work harder is a topic that lots of people have written about in the last few years. There are lots of different theories etc and I think some of them are ok. When we think about this we should remember the old Chinese proverb, that you can lead a horse to water but you can’t make it drink. So how do we increase production? It’s quite a complex subject but I’ll just talk about a couple of ideas.
Motivation has been the subject of numerous studies during recent decades, but this essay will focus on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory (1943) and Herzberg’s two-factor theory (1966). Their contemporary relevance to the need to motivate employees effectively will be examined critically, given that this can be considered crucial to a firm’s survival in the current economic climate.
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Lecture 2
2.5 Reflections and Practice （Exercise）
1. Please comment on the following titles or keywords and revise them if necessary.（改错题） (1) A Research on the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Applied in the Analysis of Structural Mechanics
Key: Application of the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) in the Analysis of Structural Mechanics
(2) Developing Computer Internet and Spread of Culture and Information
Key: Developing Computer Internet and Spreading of Culture and Information (3) Studies on Monoclonal Antibodies in Nuclear Medicine Key: Monoclonal Antibodies in Nuclear Medicine
(4) An Investigation of Mechanisms of Retinal Damage from Chronic Laser Radiation Key: Mechanisms of Retinal Damage：Chronic Laser Radiation (5) Toward Commercialization of the Natural Gas Vehicles Key: Commercialization of the Natural Gas Vehicles
(6) Can the Rate of Wash Load Be Predicted from the Bed Load Function? Key: Prediction of Wash Load Ratefrom the Bed Load Function? (7) Phase Equilibria between Fluorothene and Orange (a good title) (8)On Learning Foreign Languages and Cultural Background Teaching Key: Foreign Languages Learning and Cultural Background Teaching (9)Keywords: English, Vocabulary, Tendency (10)Keywords: Collocation Context Connotation
Key: Keywords: Collocation Context Connotation （单词间隔要大点) (Using larger space between words)
2. The following title, affiliation, and are abridged from a journal article. Please list the
keywords for the paper based on the title and abstract.(关键词) EEG and ECG assessment of mental fatigue in a driving similar Ding Xiaoguang1 Du Zhenzi 2 1.***University, Xi’an 710049, China 2. *** University, Xi’an 710049, China Abstract: Driving mental fatigue, which is a contributing factor to some serious transportation crashes, is measured by Electroencephalogram(EEG)(脑电图) and Electrocardiograph (ECG)（心电图）in this study. Altogether, the ECG and multi-channel EEG of thirteen healthy subjects were recorded while they were performing a continuous simulated driving task for 90 minutes. The study investigated several important physiological parameters of the preprocessed ECG and EEG signals. The results shows that the possible indices(指标) for measuring simulated driving mental fatigue are significantly different before and after performing the driving task (P＜0.05), involving the EEG alpha and beta, the relative power, the amplitude（幅度） of p300, the approximated entropy of ECG, the low and high bands power of heart rate variability (HRV). Keywords: EEG; ECG; P300; HRV; driving mental fatigue
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3. Combine each of the groups of sentences below into a sound sentence containing one
absolute.（合成句子，两句合一句） (1) Air resistance is neglected.
The acceleration of gravity continually increases as the body approaches the earth.
(答案：The acceleration of gravity continually increases as the body approaches the earth, air resistance being neglected. )
(2) Almost all metals are good conductors. Silver is the best.
(答案：Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best.)
(3) In Group 1, we have hydrogen and the alkali(碱) metals. All of them have low density.
(答案：In Group 1, we have hydrogen and the alkali metals, all of low density.)
(4) There are many reasons for this.
One of the reasons is that simulation allows the assessment of the potential performance before a newly designed system is operable.
(答案：There are many reasons for this, among them the fact that simulation allows the assessment of the potential performance before a newly designed system is operable.)
(5) Laser’s creation is thought to be one of today’s wonders.
Laser’s nothing more than a light that differs from ordinary lights.
(答案：Laser, its creation being thought to be one of today’s wonders, is nothing more than a light that differs from ordinary lights.)
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Lecture 3
3.6 Reflections and practice
1. Here is an abstract of a paper in the journal of Energy Sources. Read it through looking for the main function of each sentence.（段落大意，也可以做为摘要排序题）
Experimental Study of the Performance of Solar Dryers with Pebble Beds
1.Major problems of the arid(干旱) region are transportation of agricultural products and loses due to spoilage of the products, especially in summer. 2. This work presents the performance of a solar drying system consisting of an air heater and a dryer chamber connected to a greenhouse. 3. The drying system is designed to dry a variety of agricultural products. 4. The effect of air mass flow rate on the drying process is studied. 5. Composite pebbles（卵石）, which are constructed from cement and sand, are used to store energy for night operation. 6. The pebbles are placed at the bottom of the drying chamber and are charged during the drying process itself. 7. A separate test is done using a simulator（模拟器）, a packed bed storage unit, to find the thermal characteristics of the pebbles during charging and discharging modes with time. 8. Accordingly, the packed bed is analysed using a heat transfer model with finite difference technique described before and during the charging and discharging process. 9. Graphs are presented that depict the thermal characteristics and performance of the pebble beds and the drying patterns of different agricultural products. 10. The results show that the amount of energy stored in the pebbles depends on the air mass flow rate, the inlet air temperature, and the properties of the storage materials. 11. The composite pebbles can be used efficiently as storing media. (Sentence1: background information; Sentence 2-4: purpose Sentence5-8: methodology Sentence9-10: results Sentence 11: conclusion)
2. Each of the following sentences is taken from an abstract of a paper entitled “Commonly Encountered Errors on Abstract Submissions”. Indicate the probable order used by the author in writing the abstract in the space below. （摘要排序题） (1)__c__ (2) ___d___ (3) __b__ (4) __e___ (5) __a__ a. It is essential for prospective presents to follow published recommendations to ensure that their abstracts conform to conference guidelines.
b. This single-blinded study utilized a convenience sample of 20 reviewers who were selected to complete a survey about commonly encountered errors on abstract review forms while evaluating abstracts submitted to a national dental hygiene research conference. The reviewers evaluated 80 submitted abstracts prior to completing the survey. The instrument used in the study contained 30 items with closed-ended responses which was previously pilot-tested with 5 other reviewers to establish content validity. Survey information was obtained through the use of an electronic online tool, and all responses remained confidential. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. IRB approval was obtained from the USC School of Dentistry.
c. Prospective presents for research meetings often submit abstracts that do not conform with
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published guidelines. It is important for researchers to know how to correctly prepare and submit an abstract.
d. The purpose of this study was to assess the types of errors encountered by dental hygiene reviewers who evaluated submitted abstracts for a national dental hygiene research conference. e. Failure to include all of the required elements was the most commonly reported error on submitted abstracts to a national dental hygiene research conference (35%). Other errors included typographical errors (23%), lack of information about statistical methods (20%), spacing errors (7%), and failure to include affiliation (3%).
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