Text analysis and comprehension
1. more widespread than previously thought; insurance companies, health care providers, government agencies, adoption agencies and schools 2. A
3. insurance companies; health providers; free occupational therapy; MPS-I was considered a preexisting condition; was refused life insurance; her family history of Huntington’s disease; the entire insurance coverage; one of its four children was afflicted with fragile X disease
4. adoption of a normal baby; to adopt a baby at risk of coming down with Huntington’s disease; a kind of informal genetic caste system
5. the success achieved in identifying genetic traits and predispositions that are unique to specific ethnic and racial groups will possibly facilitate racial discrimination.
6. may be more susceptible to illness; health insurance coverage, disability compensation claims, and absenteeism
7. a way to improve humanity’s own prospects/ a way to reengineer the genetic blueprints of our own species and begin to redirect the future course of our biological evolution on Earth; what is a good gene that should be added toe the gene pool and what is a bad gene that should be eliminated
8. hereditary improvement of the characteristics of an organism or species; negative and positive eugenics; negative eugenics involves the systematic elimination of so-called undesirable biological traits; while positive eugenics is concerned with the use of selective breeding.
9. Theodore Roosevelt, the 26th President of the U.S.; America’s eugenic past; criminals and feeble minded people; be prevented entirely from breeding/be sterilized/ be forbidden to leave offspring behind them
10. it can happen now and here; the new discoveries and applications in the biotech field could become tools to realize the past eugenic ideas
11. For example, cloning has always been controversial. ―Dolly‖, the successfully cloned sheep prompts ethical debates. …
12. the technology is inseparably linked to eugenics ideas; the scientists, corporation, or state; which are good genes that should be inserted and preserved and which are bad genes that should be altered or deleted. 13. C
14. the potential for genetic discrimination and the threat of eugenics; considerable public attention/ to be widely discussed and debated by the public
Cloze
1. facility 2. cloned 3. reproduced 4. instead 5. debate 6. focused 7. despite 8. form 9. intention 10. breakthrough 11. transferring 12. characteristics 13. containing 14. exploring 15. humans
Writing Exercises I. Error Correction
1. He is exhausted from the two-hour trip through the mud.
2. I shall never allow you to marry the girl, and you are not my son if you do.
3. When hearing the bad news, she was at her wit’s end and didn’t know what to do.
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4. Twenty original African wood carvings were donated to the museum.
5. Feeling impatient for someone to return and give me an answer, I paced up and down the hall.
6. I would have written more often if I had known you cared.
7. The union workplace-climate committee found the factory to be noisy, smelly, and dirty. 8. There are two ways to make these machines, but the first one is worthy of note.
9. Meetings such as this are fine for small groups, but large groups have to be handled in a different way.
10. Crawling from my bed, I put on my black wool cycling shorts, along with my green-and-black shirt.
II. Sentence Refining
A) Refining by Combining
1. On Interstate 70 in Colorado, a stretch that extends from Idano Springs to Glenwood Springs offers tourists many attractive sights.
2. The moon may become the new playground of the superrich, if commercial airlines offer regular flights to the moon by the year 2050.
3. Red Cloud, who led the Sioux Indians, denounced Custer’s invasion because it violated the treaty.
4. The vacuum-cleaner salesman who came to our door this morning was the kind of person who won’t take no for an answer.
5. Our cafeteria, with its dreary salad bar, greasy chips, and soggy sandwiches, completely take away my appetite.
6. She waited restlessly, clutching a big white suitcase covered with stickers marked ―Broadway or Bust‖.
7. Holly Cole, who is the star headlining tonight’s show, is responsible for two albums which have been nominated for Juno awards.
8. He sang about a red-haired young woman dressed in a shiny black raincoat and standing on a crowded New York street corner.
B) Refining by Eliminating Wordiness 1. Nothing may come of these preparations.
2. During that period, many car buyers preferred pink, shiny cars.
3. A teller shortage at our branch office during rush hours has caused customer dissatisfaction. 4. American industrial productivity depends more on psychological than on technological factors.
I. Paragraph Editing
I love my major, journalism and communication. To be a good journalist is my dream.
When I entered Nanjing University last fall, I applied to Nanjing University Youth, a campus newspaper founded by the students here, for a position as a part-time journalist. I passed two interviews and got the first journalist certificate in my life. Nanjing University Youth is issued semimonthly, focusing on the news around the campus
The work for Nanjing University Youth was so exciting that even the interesting stories of such
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famous journalists as Robert Capa and Helen Tomas could not be compared with it. At the end of last September, our reporting team received our first assignment, a quarter-page news story. We decided to write about the different choices college students make after graduation, -- to find a job, to go to graduate school, or to further their study abroad. We had discussed a lot, interviewed students, and worked out a long article. But when the press day came in October, we were so disappointed to find our article unprinted. Now, after learning news writing for a year, I can easily tell the reason why it was not accepted by the editor at that time. Our ideas were too simple, lacking profundity. However, as it was our first article, I’ve been saving it in my computer till now.
翻译技能要略之十四：长句和复杂句的译法
1. 书本理应是人们观察自然的视镜，却常常被视力不够和生性懒惰的人用来遮光护眼，使他们对自然的光芒和变幻的景色视而不见。那种把学识当作常识的陪衬，以学识代替真知的人真是太多了。
2. 他立即与她攀谈起来，虽然谈的只是当晚下雨和雨季可能到来之类的话题，但他那样和颜悦色，使她不禁想到，即使最平凡、最无聊、最陈腐的话题，只要说话人卓有技巧，同样可以说得很动听。
3. 遥远的童年的回忆清晰地涌现在眼前：他又站在我身边，焕发着青春风采；我听见他的说话声；他丝毫未变。而我由于和他相隔一段恍若如烟的岁月，心想假如他知道在他死后三十年的此时此刻，他热爱的母校——一个曾让他脆弱的心灵莫名烦恼的地方——以这样的方式纪念他，给他这样高的荣誉， 他会做何感想呢？
4. 伊丽莎白尽管打心眼里厌恶他，但是能受到这样一个人的爱慕，她又不能不觉得是一种恭维。虽说她的决心不曾有过片刻的动摇，但她知道这会给对方带来痛苦，因此开头还有些过意不去。然而他后来的话激起了她的怨恨，她的怜悯之情完全化作了愤怒。
5. 关键是所有这些看法都超出了一般的反感之情，它们揭示了一种强大的全国性的观点：即城市的促进与发展无论如何都不是首要的，我们显而易见的未来在于西部那未开垦的土地，在于不断地向西拓展，在于最大限度地把大片土地分给所有人。
6. 但是，经济制度却灌输我们去购买商品，直到我们进入“金字塔之墓”而告终，这个金字塔是由转移我们对纯粹愚蠢行为注意力的分期付款、抵押贷款、怪诞的小玩意儿，以及各种玩物筑成的。
7. 我们认为人们的个性是一成不变的，一些心理学家却相信这种感觉实际上是错觉，它源于我们倾向看到人们不变的性格而不是源于他们行为真正的一致性。密歇根大学的理查德·内斯贝特是持有这种观点的主要心理学家之一。
8. 他胸怀宽广，思想高尚，具有政治家的风度和真正献身于联合国崇高原则的精神，博得人们广泛的赞赏。他曾作为大会主席和秘鲁首席代表，成绩卓著地为联合国服务。多年来，他把丰富的思想献给了联合国组织，直到他停止高贵的呼吸。
9. 纽约的特别之处在于，在这里，你既可以感受参加活动的兴奋，也能够获得隐密独处。而且，如果你想要与世隔绝的话（我们几乎都想要或需要这种隔离），它比任何人口稠密的都市都能更好地把你同周围每时每刻发生的各种重大或美妙事件隔离开来。
10. 不管是一枚钱币、一幅画，还是难得的莎士比亚作品珍本，亦或是政府中的某个职位、一个情人，一旦到手，追求时的那种殷切心情则必然有所失落。毕竟，美餐之后的满足感总没有饥饿的感觉来得那么有滋味，那么急切。
11. I put on my clothes by the light of a half-moon just setting, where rays streamed through the narrow window near my crib.
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12. The other attitude is to use our heads and learn those things which suit our conditions, that is, to absorb whatever experience is useful to us. That is the attitude we should adopt.
13. In an increasingly complex and fascinating world, we must gather our courage and use our wisdom to accept the challenge of love, which can mean life and death and, also, happiness.
14. China’s opening toward the rest of the world has become a fundamental permanent policy in our country, which opens up much broader prospects for international cultural exchange.
15. Because she had gone to school and was gradually getting older, Shantao had more and more questions about the world. Some concerned her textbook, others life. She raised some of them to the teacher and had been given satisfactory answers. However, Shantao kept others, particularly those concerning life, to herself.
16. Deed and word must be consistent, theory and practice must be closely integrated. We must reject flashiness without substance and all sorts of boasting. There must be less empty talk and more hard work. We must be steadfast and dedicated.
17. All the way along the train line from the border right up to Peking, as far as the eye could see, the countryside was literally covered up with a green carpet of growing crops, holding a promise of bumper harvest.
18. Such is human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.
19. Although the two were kindly people, it was not a compassionate soul the prompted them to act in that way: What concerned them, without sentimentalism and rhetoric, was to protect their daily bread, as is natural for people who, to maintain their life, have not learned to think more than is needful.
20. Communication through culture and art provides opportunities for peoples of different nations to learn from each other, thereby playing a significant role in flourishing artistic understandings in different nations, enhancing mutual understanding and nurturing friendship among all peoples. Supplementary Reading New words in Context
1. A 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. A 6.D 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. A
Translation
研究人员和机构难以抵御经济刺激的诱惑。动物遗传工程是一个有待开采生物金矿。希望靠发明致富的科学家迄今“创造”了自然界未曾有过的成千上万种动物。如今，待批专利中超过90%是转基因动物，约7，000个待批专利是基因工程的动植物微生物。
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