well, with the effectiveness of services to defend the interests of the masses. Third, we should strive to do well. To achieve good practical results, the key is to know the law, to grasp the laws and using laws. Office of economic development, social progress, there are rules to follow. Only act according to the law, to overcome blindness and strengthening initiative, creative. Working in the Office, we should be good at analyzing the essence of things, to find regular thing, change from passive to active, to seek one. Investee 2. establishment of evaluation system. Evaluation system is essentially an incentive mechanism, the evaluation was objective and fair, reasonable, and can stimulate a person's energy, mobilizing people's enthusiasm or be misleading, dampened the enthusiasm of people. At present, the concept of people-oriented people, but to establish and perfect evaluation system is still lagging behind. Work in this area should be seriously caught up. \phasis on\of. Is a focus on standards and scientific. A fundamental point of the evaluation criteria, is to keep contact, development, comprehensive eye evaluation of cadres. Office work, both \nd \h subjective efforts, take another look at the objective condition; both \nother look at the \on participating the breadth of the subject. Evaluation of cadres must give full play to democracy, cadres and the masses handing over evaluation. Office work services leadership and service base, serve the people, then nominated the main object will contain a variety of services, so that assessment was accurate and to avoid one-sidedness. Third, pay attention to the seriousness of the conclusion. The use of evaluation findings is mainly embodied in his direction. Permitted to choose one, it would be tantamount to establishing a banner. Evaluation can't take care of the balance, otherwise it would undermine the offset the positive significance of evaluation. Office of the party committees at all levels should take the findings as on the cadres ' bonus-penalty, an important basis for future movements, incentive and restraint effect of making evaluations. 3. Prevention of understanding \nfidelity\ople-centered development, concrete is dialectical,. In practice in the process, to prevent one-sided and still look, from actual people. One is to use dialectical point of view to understand. Humanist is the core of the scientific Outlook on development, remains the development of the scientific Outlook on development emphasizes, is still taking economic construction as the Center. Any departure from the development of thought and action, is a misinterpretation and misunderstanding of people-oriented. Adhere to people-oriented both to overcome one-sidedness of the old, but also to prevent one-sidedness, not accelerating the development of people and the opposition. Must be very clear, people oriented and speeding up development is not opposed, but consistent, we should never be18、莱布尼茨最不明白的观念称为（ ），将最明白的观念称为（ ）。 19、苏格兰学派反对（ ）心理学，强调心的（ ）。 20、完形主义的主要特点是（ ）与（
21、弗洛伊德把人的心理结构为分三层：（ ）、（ ）与（ ）。 22、铁钦纳认为，科学有两种：（ ）科学与（ ）科学。 四、名词解释 23、教育万能论 24、生活风格
25、次起的自动化活动 26、溶合与纠葛 27、二部心理学 五、简答题
28、简述康德的言论对心理学的影响。 29、简述骨相学具有广泛影响的原因。
30、简述韦伯在心理学史上的两个主要贡献。 31、简述詹姆士的情绪说。 六、论述题
32、论述18世纪德国的抻顿斯对心理学的两个重要贡献。
33、试列举冯德（特）心理学的各种称呼，说明他的心理学的特点。
2006年上半年北京市高等教育自学考试心理学史试卷
一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确的答案，并将其号码填在题干后的括号内。每小题1分，共5分)
1、倡导教育万能论的是( )A、狄德罗 B、爱尔维修 C、卢梭 D、拉美特利
2、赫拉克利特认为代表万物根源的是( )A、火 B、数及其关系 C、无限者 D、水 3、近代西方主观唯心主义的鼻祖是 ( )A、洛克 B、休谟 C、孔狄亚克 D、巴克莱 4、《人类悟性新论》的作者是( )A、笛卡尔 B、黎德 C、莱布尼茨D、司徒亚特
5、弗兰西斯。培根出版他著名的著作《新工具》的年代是( )A、1561年 B、1626年 C、1620年 ． D、1720年 二、 多项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出二至四个正确答案，并将其号码填在题干后的括号内，多选、少选、错选均无分。每小题2分，共10分)
6．奥古斯丁认为灵魂的功能有 ( )A．认识 B，自觉的记忆 C理智 D．意志 7．赫尔巴特认为，观念与观念的结合方式有 ( )A．理解 B．感情 C意识 D．意志——题目疑有误，应当是溶合与纠葛
8．具有进化论思想的学者包括 ( )A．斯宾塞 B．阿那克西曼德 C．达尔文 D．戈尔登
9．卡巴尼斯提出的理论或是概念包括 ( )A．神经阶层说 B．感官分工说 C．内部感觉 D．神经特殊能力说 10．洛克把外物的性质分为( )A．个别性 B．特殊性 C原始性 D．次起性 三、填空题(每空1分，共15分)
11． 1904年，郝尔的重要著作《 》出版了，这是系统地研究（）心理学的第一部专著。 12．亚里士多德把心理功能分为（）和（）两大类。
13．布棱他诺主张心理学不是研究心理的（），而是研究心理的（）。 14．铁钦纳将（）和（）结合起来，创建了独特的（）。
15．华生曾说，人和动物的全部行为都可以分析为（）和（）。
16．托尔曼指出有两咱中介变量对解释动物行为有用，它们是（）变量和（）变量。 17．莱布尼茨将最不明白的观念叫（），最明白的观念叫（）。 四、名词解释(每小题4分，共20分)
1．生活风格 2．顿悟说 3．符茨堡学派 4．统觉作用规律 5．复合感觉 五、简答题（每题6分共24分) 1 荣格的无意识理论
2 亚里士多德认为灵魂有哪几个等级
3 感觉主义认识论和感觉主义心理学有什么区别 4 什么是似动现象，格式塔心理学用它说明什么
eople-oriented in the name of reducing our enthusiasm. Premier Wen Jiabao's Government work report this year, identified as 7% growth, 2.1% lower than last year's 9.1%, but in 8 work remains to accelerate development in the first place ... Work standards. Second is to use the scale of development to understand. Society is evolving, human needs are also changing. Practice of humanism is a long-term process and cannot be achieved overnight. To treat people if you stand still and rigid dogma, it is possible to return to this, see things but not people's old ways. Therefore, we have to follow the development of the times, and continue debugging the humanist perspective, innovative people-oriented way. Under the new historical conditions, we are requested by the times, set up a brand new concept, a high starting point, high standard of armed people, shaping, exercise, people, constantly taking the new connotation of the times. Terms of Office, is to lead the vast numbers of cadres to actively adapt to the knowledge faster and actively adapt to the increasingly high level of leadership situation, actively adapt to the demand of the masses more and more situations, eager to learn, enhance accumulation, efforts, honed the ability to overcome a good service, panic. Third is to use realistiunderstanding. Adhere to people-oriented must be based on reality, not divorced from reality. Desk no water cups here in Hong Kong, staff need to drink some water to the drinking fountain on a floor, the glass used is a one-time non-cone type. Drink this cup can only hold, cannot be put down. This is not only to save on glass materials, more important is to force you to get drinking water, go back to your seat business. Our emphasis on people-oriented, does not imply you can indulge the desires, the comfortable, the pursuit of enjoyment. Office of the party committees at all levels of our comrades, must continue to maintain the style of plain living and hard struggle, to stand up to the tests of temptations, exciting \on\spirit of selfless dedication and provide services. Investee 4. clearly defined responsibilities. Putting people first is a common vision of development, everyone is a liability. People-oriented, above and below with the responsibility for coordinating system must be established and hold everyone accountable. First, we must strengthen the leadership. \s place, its governance, its level, bear the responsibility of the Division.\s the minimum requirement for leaders, is a measure of the basic criteria for whether a leading cadre is competent. Leaders need to \benefit of\ously assume responsibility for implementing people-oriented. Director of the Office of the party committees at all levels is the responsibility of the units to implement people-oriented, to manage their people, \plug in own responsibility\ng cadres, cadres and cadres work, efforts to revitalize the Office of human resources, Office work is full of vigor and vitalitywell, with the effectiveness of services to defend the interests of the masses. Third, we should strive to do well. o achieve good practical results, the key is to know the law, to grasp the laws and using laws. Office of economic development, social progress, there are rules to follow. Only act according to the law, to overcome blindness and strengthening initiative, creative. Working in the Office, we should be good at analyzing the essence of things, to find regular thing, change from passive to active, to seek one. Investee 2. establishment of evaluation system. Evaluation system is essentially an incentive mechanism, the evaluation was objective and fair, reasonable, and can stimulate a person's energy, mobilizing people's enthusiasm or be misleading, dampened the enthusiasm of people. At present, the concept of people-oriented people, but to establish and perfect evaluation system is still lagging behind. Work in this area should be seriously caught up. \phasis on\of. Is a focus on standards and scientific. A fundamental point of the evaluation criteria, is to keep contact, development, comprehensive eye evaluation of cadres. Office work, both \nd \h subjective efforts, take another look at the objective condition; both \nother look at the \on participating the breadth of the subject. Evaluation of cadres must give full play to democracy, cadres and the masses handing over evaluation. Office work services leadership and service base, serve the people, then nominated the main object will contain a variety of services, so that assessment was accurate and to avoid one-sidedness. Third, pay attention to the seriousness of the conclusion. The use of evaluation findings is mainly embodied in his direction. Permitted to choose one, it would be tantamount to establishing a banner. Evaluation can't take care of the balance, otherwise it would undermine the offset the positive significance of evaluation. Office of the party committees at all levels should take the findings as on the cadres ' bonus-penalty, an important basis for future movements, incentive and restraint effect of making evaluations. 3. Prevention of understanding \nfidelity\ople-centered development, concrete is dialectical,. In practice in the process, to prevent one-sided and still look, from actual people. One is to use dialectical point of view to understand. Humanist is the core of the scientific Outlook on development, remains the development of the scientific Outlook on development emphasizes, is still taking economic construction as the Center. Any departure from the development of thought and action, is a misinterpretation and misunderstanding of people-oriented. Adhere to people-oriented both to overcome one-sidedness of the old, but also to prevent one-sidedness, not accelerating the development of people and the opposition. Must be very clear, people oriented and speeding up development is not opposed, but consistent, we should never be六、论述题 （每题13分共26分) 1 美国心理学机能主义的理论基础 2 弗洛伊德精神分析理论的主要观点
2007年心理学史试卷
第一部分 选择题(共15分)
一、单项选择题 (本大题共5小题，每小题1分，共5分) 1．古希腊原子论者中提出“四根说”的是( ) A．恩培多克勒 B．赫拉克利特 C泰勒斯 D．德谟克利特
2．提出“人是机器”这一观点的哲学家是( ) A．拉?美特利 B．洛克 C. 霍布斯 D．培根
3.Jb理学家勒温提出的行为公式是( ) A．B＝f(E) B．E：f(P) C．P＝f(E) D．B＝f(P E)
4．下列关于斯金纳的说法正确的是( ) A．支持心理学理论的建立 B．提倡演绎法
C．主张个体研究 D．用神经生理学研究取代行为分析 5．狭义的认知心理学是指( )
A．结构主义认知心理学 D．心理主义认知心理学 C．信息加工认知心理学 D．完形心理学
二、多项选择题? (本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分) 6．主要秉持经验主义心理学思想的有( ) A．培根 B．康德 C．洛克 D．哈特莱
7．洛克认为经验材料的来源有( ) A．感觉 B．反省 C．记忆 D．学习
8．韦伯对心理学有影响的研究主题包括( ) A．两点阈限 B．神经特殊能量说 C. 巴差别阈限 D．视觉与听觉研究
9．詹姆士认为意识的基本特性包括( ) A．意识是个人私有的 B．意识是连续不断的 C. 巴意识是有选择性的 D．意识须有对象
10．皮亚杰认为认识的结构涉及的基本概念有( ) A．图式 B．同化 C . 顺应 D．平衡 第二部分 非选择题（85分）
三、填空题（本大题共7小题，每空1分，共15分）
11、普罗泰哥拉引发人们去关心人怎样思想，最早从研究________转向注意_______。
12、桑代克用联结联想主义，是因为其学习理论中不仅有 ________ 之间的联结，还有 ________之间的联结。 13、荣格将个体的人格分为两种基本类型，即 ________ 和。________。
14、1896年，杜威发表《 ________ 》一文，标志着 ________机能主义学派的正式开始。 15、布伦塔诺将心理活动基本上分三类，即________的活动、 ________ 的活动和爱憎活动。
16、皮亚杰安心理发展水平把儿童心理划分为具有质的差异的四个阶段，即感觉运动阶段、前运阶段、________ 阶段和 ________ 阶段。
17、弗洛伊德将人的心理结构分为三层，它们是________、________、和 ________。 四、名词解释题（本大题共５小题，每小题４分，共２０分） 18、升华 19、意识流 20、似动现象
eople-oriented in the name of reducing our enthusiasm. Premier Wen Jiabao's Government work report this year, identified as 7% growth, 2.1% lower than last year's 9.1%, but in 8 work remains to accelerate development in the first place ... Work standards. Second is to use the scale of development to understand. Society is evolving, human needs are also changing. Practice of humanism is a long-term process and cannot be achieved overnight. To treat people if you stand still and rigid dogma, it is possible to return to this, see things but not people's old ways. Therefore, we have to follow the development of the times, and continue debugging the humanist perspective, innovative people-oriented way. Under the new historical conditions, we are requested by the times, set up a brand new concept, a high starting point, high standard of armed people, shaping, exercise, people, constantly taking the new connotation of the times. Terms of Office, is to lead the vast numbers of cadres to actively adapt to the knowledge faster and actively adapt to the increasingly high level of leadership situation, actively adapt to the demand of the masses more and more situations, eager to learn, enhance accumulation, efforts, honed the ability to overcome a good service, panic. Third is to use realistiunderstanding. Adhere to people-oriented must be based on reality, not divorced from reality. Desk no water cups here in Hong Kong, staff need to drink some water to the drinking fountain on a floor, the glass used is a one-time non-cone type. Drink this cup can only hold, cannot be put down. This is not only to save on glass materials, more important is to force you to get drinking water, go back to your seat business. Our emphasis on people-oriented, does not imply you can indulge the desires, the comfortable, the pursuit of enjoyment. Office of the party committees at all levels of our comrades, must continue to maintain the style of plain living and hard struggle, to stand up to the tests of temptations, exciting \on\spirit of selfless dedication and provide services. Investee 4. clearly defined responsibilities. Putting people first is a common vision of development, everyone is a liability. People-oriented, above and below with the responsibility for coordinating system must be established and hold everyone accountable. First, we must strengthen the leadership. \s place, its governance, its level, bear the responsibility of the Division.\s the minimum requirement for leaders, is a measure of the basic criteria for whether a leading cadre is competent. Leaders need to \benefit of\ously assume responsibility for implementing people-oriented. Director of the Office of the party committees at all levels is the responsibility of the units to implement people-oriented, to manage their people, \plug in own responsibility\ng cadres, cadres and cadres work, efforts to revitalize the Office of human resources, Office work is full of vigor and vitalitywell, with the effectiveness of services to defend the interests of the masses. Third, we should strive to do well. To achieve good practical results, the key is to know the law, to grasp the laws and using laws. Office of economic development, social progress, there are rules to follow. Only act according to the law, to overcome blindness and strengthening initiative, creative. Working in the Office, we should be good at analyzing the essence of things, to find regular thing, change from passive to active, to seek one. Investee 2. establishment of evaluation system. Evaluation system is essentially an incentive mechanism, the evaluation was objective and fair, reasonable, and can stimulate a person's energy, mobilizing people's enthusiasm or be misleading, dampened the enthusiasm of people. At present, the concept of people-oriented people, but to establish and perfect evaluation system is still lagging behind. Work in this area should be seriously caught up. \phasis on\of. Is a focus on standards and scientific. A fundamental point of the evaluation criteria, is to keep contact, development, comprehensive eye evaluation of cadres. Office work, both \nd \h subjective efforts, take another look at the objective condition; both \nother look at the \on participating the breadth of the subject. Evaluation of cadres must give full play to democracy, cadres and the masses handing over evaluation. Office work services leadership and service base, serve the people, then nominated the main object will contain a variety of services, so that assessment was accurate and to avoid one-sidedness. Third, pay attention to the seriousness of the conclusion. The use of evaluation findings is mainly embodied in his direction. Permitted to choose one, it would be tantamount to establishing a banner. Evaluation can't take care of the balance, otherwise it would undermine the offset the positive significance of evaluation. Office of the party committees at all levels should take the findings as on the cadres ' bonus-penalty, an important basis for future movements, incentive and restraint effect of making evaluations. 3. Prevention of understanding \nfidelity\ople-centered development, concrete is dialectical,. In practice in the process, to prevent one-sided and still look, from actual people. One is to use dialectical point of view to understand. Humanist is the core of the scientific Outlook on development, remains the development of the scientific Outlook on development emphasizes, is still taking economic construction as the Center. Any departure from the development of thought and action, is a misinterpretation and misunderstanding of people-oriented. Adhere to people-oriented both to overcome one-sidedness of the old, but also to prevent one-sidedness, not accelerating the development of people and the opposition. Must be very clear, people oriented and speeding up development is not opposed, but consistent, we should never be21、统觉图
22、需要层次理论
五、简答题（本大题共4小题，每小题6分，共24分） 23、简述行为主义在20世纪初期美国出现的必然性。 24、艾宾浩斯对记忆的研究有哪些贡献？
25、人本主义心理学与行为主义心理学有哪些对立的观点？ 26、构造主义与机能主义有哪些异同?
六、论述题（本大题共2小题，每小题13分，共26分）
27、论述巴甫洛夫的条件反射与斯金操作条件反射的异同。 28、试述冯特的心理学体系及其在心理学史上的影响。
2008年心理学史试卷
第一部分选择题(共20分)
一、单项选择题(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分)
在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其选出并将“答题 卡”的相应代码涂黑。错涂、多涂或未涂均无分。
1．最早把实验法应用于高级心理过程研究的德国学者是( ) A．韦柏(伯)B．康德 C．爱宾浩斯D．费希纳
2．对身心关系的看法持预定和谐说的是( ) A.莱布尼茨B．奥古斯丁 C.斯宾诺莎D．笛卡尔
3．在《人类悟性论》中最先使用“联想”这一词语，从此“联想”成了流行名词的是( A．培根B．洛克
C．弗洛伊德D.桑代克
4．集体动力学的创始者是( ) A．麦独孤B．勒温 C．哥尔D．斯铺宰姆
5．新精神分析学派中认为人格就是那些经常发生在人与人之间相互交往的相对持久的行为模式的是( A．霍妮B．卡丁纳 C．阿德勒D.沙利文
6．赫拉克利特认为变化是世界万物的本质，并认为代表万物根源的是( ) A．数 B．原子 C．火 D．水
7．逢会论的代表人物是( ) A．冯德（特） B．奥古斯丁 C．马勒伯朗士 D．笛卡尔
8．“知识就是力量”这句名言现已为人们所熟知，它出自英国《新工具》一书的作者( A．罗杰尔培根 B．霍布斯
C．约翰?洛克 D．托马斯?霍布斯 9．《人是机器》的作者是( ) A．笛卡尔 B．霍布斯 C．狄德罗 D．拉美特利
10．冯德（特）在生命的最后20年完成了他的10卷巨著《民族心理学》，这是他用历史法写出的( A．实验心理学专著 B．生理心理学专著 C．教育心理学专著 D．社会心理学专著
二、多项选择题（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）
在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其选出并将“答题 卡”的相应代码涂黑。错涂、多涂或未涂均无分。
11．美国心理学家詹姆士把身体反应强烈的情绪定义为粗糙的情绪，如( ) A．愤怒 B．惧怕
eople-oriented in the name of reducing our enthusiasm. Premier Wen Jiabao's Government work report this year, identified as 7% growth, 2.1% lower than last year's 9.1%, but in 8 work remains to accelerate development in the first place ... Work standards. Second is to use the scale of development to understand. Society is evolving, human needs are also changing. Practice of humanism is a long-term process and cannot be achieved overnight. To treat people if you stand still and rigid dogma, it is possible to return to this, see things but not people's old ways. Therefore, we have to follow the development of the times, and continue debugging the humanist perspective, innovative people-oriented way. Under the new historical conditions, we are requested by the times, set up a brand new concept, a high starting point, high standard of armed people, shaping, exercise, people, constantly taking the new connotation of the times. Terms of Office, is to lead the vast numbers of cadres to actively adapt to the knowledge faster and actively adapt to the increasingly high level of leadership situation, actively adapt to the understanding. Adhere to people-oriented must be based on reality, not divorced from reality. Desk no water cups here in Hong Kong, staff need to drink some water to the drinking fountain on a floor, the glass used is a one-time non-cone type. Drink this cup can only hold, cannot be put down. This is not only to save on glass materials, more important is to force you to get drinking water, go back to your seat business. Our emphasis on people-oriented, does not imply you can indulge the desires, the comfortable, the pursuit of enjoyment. Office of the party committees at all levels of our comrades, must continue to maintain the style of plain living and hard struggle, to stand up to the tests of temptations, exciting \on\spirit of selfless dedication and provide services. Investee 4. clearly defined responsibilities. Putting people first is a common vision of development, everyone is a liability. People-oriented, above and below with the responsibility for coordinating system must be established and hold everyone accountable. First, we must strengthen the leadership. \s place, its goveris competent. Leaders need to \benefit of\ously assume responsibility for implementing people-oriented. Director of the Office of the party committees at all levels is the responsibility of the units to implement people-oriented, to manage their people, \plug in own responsibility\ng cadres, cadres and cadres work, efforts to revitalize the Office of human resources, Office work is full of vigor and vitality ) nd more situations, eager to learn, enhance accumulation, efforts, honed the ability to , bear the responsibility of the Division.\s the minimum requirement for leaders, is a measure of the ) ) ce, panic. Third is to use realisticriteria for whether a leading cadre ) demand of the masses more aovercome a good servinance, its levelbasic well, with the effectiveness of services to defend the interests of the masses. Third, we should strive to do well. o achieve good practical results, the key is to know the law, to grasp the laws and using laws. Office of economic development, social progress, there are rules to follow. Only act according to the law, to overcome blindness and strengthening initiative, creative. Working in the Office, we should be good at analyzing the essence of things, to find regular thing, change from passive to active, to seek one. Investee 2. establishment of evaluation system. Evaluation system is essentially an incentive mechanism, the evaluation was objective and fair, reasonable, and can stimulate a person's energy, mobilizing people's enthusiasm or be misleading, dampened the enthusiasm of people. At present, the concept of people-oriented people, but to establish and perfect evaluation system is still lagging behind. Work in this area should be seriously caught up. \phasis on\of. Is a focus on standards and scientific. A fundamental point of the evaluation criteria, is to keep contact, development, comprehensive eye evaluation of cadres. Office work, both \nd \h subjective efforts, take another look at the objective condition; both \nother look at the \on participating the breadth of the subject. Evaluation of cadres must give full play to democracy, cadres and the masses handing over evaluation. Office work services leadership and service base, serve the people, then nominated the main object will contain a variety of services, so that assessment was accurate and to avoid one-sidedness. Third, pay attention to the seriousness of the conclusion. The use of evaluation findings is mainly embodied in his direction. Permitted to choose one, it would be tantamount to establishing a banner. Evaluation can't take care of the balance, otherwise it would undermine the offset the positive significance of evaluation. Office of the party committees at all levels should take the findings as on the cadres ' bonus-penalty, an important basis for future movements, incentive and restraint effect of making evaluations. 3. Prevention of understanding \nfidelity\ople-centered development, concrete is dialectical,. In practice in the process, to prevent one-sided and still look, from actual people. One is to use dialectical point of view to understand. Humanist is the core of the scientific Outlook on development, remains the development of the scientific Outlook on development emphasizes, is still taking economic construction as the Center. Any departure from the development of thought and action, is a misinterpretation and misunderstanding of people-oriented. Adhere to people-oriented both to overcome one-sidedness of the old, but also to prevent one-sidedness, not accelerating the development of people and the opposition. Must be very clear, people oriented and speeding up development is not opposed, but consistent, we should never beC．憎恶 D．道德感
12．斯多噶学派把心理活动划分为( ) A．认识 B．情感 C．意志 D．理性
13．常识学派的代表人物有( ) A．巴克莱 B．司徒亚特 C．休谟 D．黎德
14．伏尔夫把人的材能分为认识材能和动求材能，动求材能包括( ) A．感觉 B．记忆 C．情感 D．意志
15．十九世纪初，由于社会背景的变化及苏格兰与德国思想的影响，在法国出现了反机械主义的“反潮流”，其代表人物有( )
A．拉娄米杰 B．孔狄亚克 C．蒲朗 D．德特雷西 第二部分非选择题(共80分)
三、填空题(本大题共7小题，每空1分，共14分)
请在每小题的空格中填上正确答案。错填、不填均无分。
16．联想主义心理学是_________国学者于___________世纪中叶所创立，它是历史上最为悠久的心理学派别。 17．伊壁鸠鲁认为一切感觉都伴随着_________或_________的感情。
18．____________年，___________的文章《从行为主义者的眼光看心理学》发表了，至此，行为主义被公认产生。 19．提顿斯把心理过程分为理解、感情与意志三部分，其中理解与意志是 __________的，感情是____________的。
20．蒲朗用_________代替“联想”，以表明他不是_________学派。
21．笛卡儿认为世界上有三种独立存在的实体，即上帝、_________和_________
22．斯宾塞强调环境对有机体____________和心理发展的作用，认为心理是有意识的机体对环境的不断____________ 四、名词解释（本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分） 23．次起的自动化活动 24．统觉作用 25．机制 26．升华
27．个体无意识
五、简答题（本大题共4小题，每小题6分，共24分） 28．简述冯德（特）在心理学史的重大贡献。 29．简述黑灵的空间知觉天生说的基本观点。 30．简述亚历士多德对灵魂的看法。
31．构造主义心理学认为心理学的研究问题有哪些？六、论述题（本大题共2小题，共27分） 六、论述题
32．（本题13分）试述格式塔的组织原则。
33．（本题14分）试述神经特殊能力说与感官分工说的区别。
2009年4月高等教育自学考试北京市命题考试
心理学史 试卷
第一部分选择题(共20分）
一、单项选择题(本大题共10小题．每小题1分．共10分）
1明确提出心理三分法．使西方心理学以后就用三分法代替了二分法的德国学者是A A提顿斯 B康德 C冯特 D本尼克 2笛卡儿对情绪作了分类，他认为原始情绪有B
eople-oriented in the name of reducing our enthusiasm. Premier Wen Jiabao's Government work report this year, identified as 7% growth, 2.1% lower than last year's 9.1%, but in 8 work remains to accelerate development in the first place ... Work standards. Second is to use the scale of development to understand. Society is evolving, human needs are also changing. Practice of humanism is a long-term process and cannot be achieved overnight. To treat people if you stand still and rigid dogma, it is possible to return to this, see things but not people's old ways. Therefore, we have to follow the development of the times, and continue debugging the humanist perspective, innovative people-oriented way. Under the new historical conditions, we are requested by the times, set up a brand new concept, a high starting point, high standard of armed people, shaping, exercise, people, constantly taking the new connotation of the times. Terms of Office, is to lead the vast numbers of cadres to actively adapt to the knowledge faster and actively adapt to the increasingly high level of leadership situation, actively adapt to the demand of the masses more and more situations, eager to learn, enhance accumulation, efforts, honed the ability to overcome a good service, panic. Third is to use realistiunderstanding. Adhere to people-oriented must be based on reality, not divorced from reality. Desk no water cups here in Hong Kong, staff need to drink some water to the drinking fountain on a floor, the glass used is a one-time non-cone type. Drink this cup can only hold, cannot be put down. This is not only to save on glass materials, more important is to force you to get drinking water, go back to your seat business. Our emphasis on people-oriented, does not imply you can indulge the desires, the comfortable, the pursuit of enjoyment. Office of the party committees at all levels of our comrades, must continue to maintain the style of plain living and hard struggle, to stand up to the tests of temptations, exciting \on\spirit of selfless dedication and provide services. Investee 4. clearly defined responsibilities. Putting people first is a common vision of development, everyone is a liability. People-oriented, above and below with the responsibility for coordinating system must be established and hold everyone accountable. First, we must strengthen the leadership. \s place, its governance, its level, bear the responsibility of the Division.\s the minimum requirement for leaders, is a measure of the basic criteria for whether a leading cadre is competent. Leaders need to \benefit of\ously assume responsibility for implementing people-oriented. Director of the Office of the party committees at all levels is the responsibility of the units to implement people-oriented, to manage their people, \plug in own responsibility\ng cadres, cadres and cadres work, efforts to revitalize the Office of human resources, Office work is full of vigor and vitalitywell, with the effectiveness of services to defend the interests of the masses. Third, we should strive to do well. To achieve good practical results, the key is to know the law, to grasp the laws and using laws. Office of economic development, social progress, there are rules to follow. Only act according to the law, to overcome blindness and strengthening initiative, creative. Working in the Office, we should be good at analyzing the essence of things, to find regular thing, change from passive to active, to seek one. Investee 2. establishment of evaluation system. Evaluation system is essentially an incentive mechanism, the evaluation was objective and fair, reasonable, and can stimulate a person's energy, mobilizing people's enthusiasm or be misleading, dampened the enthusiasm of people. At present, the concept of people-oriented people, but to establish and perfect evaluation system is still lagging behind. Work in this area should be seriously caught up. \phasis on\of. Is a focus on standards and scientific. A fundamental point of the evaluation criteria, is to keep contact, development, comprehensive eye evaluation of cadres. Office work, both \nd \h subjective efforts, take another look at the objective condition; both \nother look at the \on participating the breadth of the subject. Evaluation of cadres must give full play to democracy, cadres and the masses handing over evaluation. Office work services leadership and service base, serve the people, then nominated the main object will contain a variety of services, so that assessment was accurate and to avoid one-sidedness. Third, pay attention to the seriousness of the conclusion. The use of evaluation findings is mainly embodied in his direction. Permitted to choose one, it would be tantamount to establishing a banner. Evaluation can't take care of the balance, otherwise it would undermine the offset the positive significance of evaluation. Office of the party committees at all levels should take the findings as on the cadres ' bonus-penalty, an important basis for future movements, incentive and restraint effect of making evaluations. 3. Prevention of understanding \nfidelity\ople-centered development, concrete is dialectical,. In practice in the process, to prevent one-sided and still look, from actual people. One is to use dialectical point of view to understand. Humanist is the core of the scientific Outlook on development, remains the development of the scientific Outlook on development emphasizes, is still taking economic construction as the Center. Any departure from the development of thought and action, is a misinterpretation and misunderstanding of people-oriented. Adhere to people-oriented both to overcome one-sidedness of the old, but also to prevent one-sidedness, not accelerating the development of people and the opposition. Must be very clear, people oriented and speeding up development is not opposed, but consistent, we should never be A 7种 B 6种 C 5种 D 4种 3“心理化学”这一概念明确的提出者是英国的B
A詹姆斯.穆勒 B约翰·穆勒 C布朗 D洛克 4提出B=f(S．A)公式的是D A勒温 B吴伟士 C华生 D托尔曼 5第一个把心理学定义为行为科学的人是A A麦独孤 B华生 C汉密尔顿 D勒温
6古希腊提出“人是万物的尺度“的智者是B A希波克拉底 B普罗泰哥拉 C德谟克利特 D巴门尼德
7莱比锡大学创建世界上第一个心理学实验室是在 A1869年 B1809年 C1900年 D1908年 8《遗传的天才》的作者是B
A斯宾塞 B高尔顿 C达尔文 D麦独孤 9被认为是芝加哥机能主义学派正式开始的作品是A
A《在心理学中的反射弧概念) B《机能主义心理学的领域》
C《动力心理学》 D《动物和人类的目的行为) 10促进了美国机器教学运动的发展，发表《教学机器》的是C A魏斯 B托尔曼 C斯金纳 D华生 二、多项选择题(本大题共5小题．每小题2分，共10分)
11伏尔夫把人的材能分为认识材能和动求材能，其中认识材能包括ADE A感觉 B情绪 C意志 D记忆 E注意
eople-oriented in the name of reducing our enthusiasm. Premier Wen Jiabao's Government work report this year, identified as 7% growth, 2.1% lower than last year's 9.1%, but in 8 work remains to accelerate development in the first place ... Work standards. Second is to use the scale of development to understand. Society is evolving, human needs are also changing. Practice of humanism is a long-term process and cannot be achieved overnight. To treat people if you stand still and rigid dogma, it is possible to return to this, see things but not people's old ways. Therefore, we have to follow the development of the times, and continue debugging the humanist perspective, innovative people-oriented way. Under the new historical conditions, we are requested by the times, set up a brand new concept, a high starting point, high standard of armed people, shaping, exercise, people, constantly taking the new connotation of the times. Terms of Office, is to lead the vast numbers of cadres to actively adapt to the knowledge faster and actively adapt to the increasingly high level of leadership situation, actively adapt to the demand of the masses more and more situations, eager to learn, enhance accumulation, efforts, honed the ability to overcome a good service, panic. Third is to use realistiunderstanding. Adhere to people-oriented must be based on reality, not divorced from reality. Desk no water cups here in Hong Kong, staff need to drink some water to the drinking fountain on a floor, the glass used is a one-time non-cone type. Drink this cup can only hold, cannot be put down. This is not only to save on glass materials, more important is to force you to get drinking water, go back to your seat business. Our emphasis on people-oriented, does not imply you can indulge the desires, the comfortable, the pursuit of enjoyment. Office of the party committees at all levels of our comrades, must continue to maintain the style of plain living and hard struggle, to stand up to the tests of temptations, exciting \on\spirit of selfless dedication and provide services. Investee 4. clearly defined responsibilities. Putting people first is a common vision of development, everyone is a liability. People-oriented, above and below with the responsibility for coordinating system must be established and hold everyone accountable. First, we must strengthen the leadership. \s place, its governance, its level, bear the responsibility of the Division.\s the minimum requirement for leaders, is a measure of the basic criteria for whether a leading cadre is competent. Leaders need to \benefit of\ously assume responsibility for implementing people-oriented. Director of the Office of the party committees at all levels is the responsibility of the units to implement people-oriented, to manage their people, \plug in own responsibility\ng cadres, cadres and cadres work, efforts to revitalize the Office of human resources, Office work is full of vigor and vitality