well, with the effectiveness of services to defend the interests of the masses. Third, we should strive to do well. o achieve good practical results, the key is to know the law, to grasp the laws and using laws. Office of economic development, social progress, there are rules to follow. Only act according to the law, to overcome blindness and strengthening initiative, creative. Working in the Office, we should be good at analyzing the essence of things, to find regular thing, change from passive to active, to seek one. Investee 2. establishment of evaluation system. Evaluation system is essentially an incentive mechanism, the evaluation was objective and fair, reasonable, and can stimulate a person's energy, mobilizing people's enthusiasm or be misleading, dampened the enthusiasm of people. At present, the concept of people-oriented people, but to establish and perfect evaluation system is still lagging behind. Work in this area should be seriously caught up. \phasis on\of. Is a focus on standards and scientific. A fundamental point of the evaluation criteria, is to keep contact, development, comprehensive eye evaluation of cadres. Office work, both \nd \h subjective efforts, take another look at the objective condition; both \nother look at the \on participating the breadth of the subject. Evaluation of cadres must give full play to democracy, cadres and the masses handing over evaluation. Office work services leadership and service base, serve the people, then nominated the main object will contain a variety of services, so that assessment was accurate and to avoid one-sidedness. Third, pay attention to the seriousness of the conclusion. The use of evaluation findings is mainly embodied in his direction. Permitted to choose one, it would be tantamount to establishing a banner. Evaluation can't take care of the balance, otherwise it would undermine the offset the positive significance of evaluation. Office of the party committees at all levels should take the findings as on the cadres ' bonus-penalty, an important basis for future movements, incentive and restraint effect of making evaluations. 3. Prevention of understanding \nfidelity\ople-centered development, concrete is dialectical,. In practice in the process, to prevent one-sided and still look, from actual people. One is to use dialectical point of view to understand. Humanist is the core of the scientific Outlook on development, remains the development of the scientific Outlook on development emphasizes, is still taking economic construction as the Center. Any departure from the development of thought and action, is a misinterpretation and misunderstanding of people-oriented. Adhere to people-oriented both to overcome one-sidedness of the old, but also to prevent one-sidedness, not accelerating the development of people and the opposition. Must be very clear, people oriented and speeding up development is not opposed, but consistent, we should never be12奥古斯丁认为，灵魂的活动与心理的活动是统一的．灵魂的功能有BCD A感觉 B理智 C意志 D自觉的记忆 E知觉
13对身心关系持身心平行论看法的有ABCD A铁钦纳 B冯特 C斯宾诺莎 D佚尔夫
14美国心理学家詹姆士把身体反应不强烈的情绪定义为细致的情绪，如 ABC A道德感 B理智感 C美感 D憎恶 E惧怕
15完形主义心理学的代表人物有ACD
A韦特海默 B布伦塔诺 C科夫卡 D克勒 E罗杰斯
第二部分非选择题(共80分)
三、填空题（本大题共7小题．每空1分．共14分)
16．十四世纪末至十七世纪初是西方从—封建主义—主义向—资本主义—主义过渡的时期，一般称这 个时期为文艺复兴时期。
17.斯宾诺莎认为世界唯一的实体是无限的自然界，心灵——是这一实体的思维属性， 物质是这一实体的扩延属性。
18.黑灵认为视网膜上有三种物质：红绿质——、—黄蓝质—和白黑质。 19.斯宾塞认为，心理学既是—自然科学—的一部分，又是社会科学——的基础。 20.卡巴尼斯提出来的内感觉相当于后来所说的—机体—感觉和—本受—感觉。 21.弗兰西斯·培根主张科学方法应该是运用由具体——到—一般—的归纳法。
22.机能主义心理学是在反对—构造主义—心理学基础上发展起来的，在1912年之后，就被行为主义 心理学所取代。
四、名词解释(本大题共5小题．每小题3分。共15分）
eople-oriented in the name of reducing our enthusiasm. Premier Wen Jiabao's Government work report this year, identified as 7% growth, 2.1% lower than last year's 9.1%, but in 8 work remains to accelerate development in the first place ... Work standards. Second is to use the scale of development to understand. Society is evolving, human needs are also changing. Practice of humanism is a long-term process and cannot be achieved overnight. To treat people if you stand still and rigid dogma, it is possible to return to this, see things but not people's old ways. Therefore, we have to follow the development of the times, and continue debugging the humanist perspective, innovative people-oriented way. Under the new historical conditions, we are requested by the times, set up a brand new concept, a high starting point, high standard of armed people, shaping, exercise, people, constantly taking the new connotation of the times. Terms of Office, is to lead the vast numbers of cadres to actively adapt to the knowledge faster and actively adapt to the increasingly high level of leadership situation, actively adapt to the demand of the masses more and more situations, eager to learn, enhance accumulation, efforts, honed the ability to overcome a good service, panic. Third is to use realistiunderstanding. Adhere to people-oriented must be based on reality, not divorced from reality. Desk no water cups here in Hong Kong, staff need to drink some water to the drinking fountain on a floor, the glass used is a one-time non-cone type. Drink this cup can only hold, cannot be put down. This is not only to save on glass materials, more important is to force you to get drinking water, go back to your seat business. Our emphasis on people-oriented, does not imply you can indulge the desires, the comfortable, the pursuit of enjoyment. Office of the party committees at all levels of our comrades, must continue to maintain the style of plain living and hard struggle, to stand up to the tests of temptations, exciting \on\spirit of selfless dedication and provide services. Investee 4. clearly defined responsibilities. Putting people first is a common vision of development, everyone is a liability. People-oriented, above and below with the responsibility for coordinating system must be established and hold everyone accountable. First, we must strengthen the leadership. \s place, its governance, its level, bear the responsibility of the Division.\s the minimum requirement for leaders, is a measure of the basic criteria for whether a leading cadre is competent. Leaders need to \benefit of\ously assume responsibility for implementing people-oriented. Director of the Office of the party committees at all levels is the responsibility of the units to implement people-oriented, to manage their people, \plug in own responsibility\ng cadres, cadres and cadres work, efforts to revitalize the Office of human resources, Office work is full of vigor and vitalitywell, with the effectiveness of services to defend the interests of the masses. Third, we should strive to do well. To achieve good practical results, the key is to know the law, to grasp the laws and using laws. Office of economic development, social progress, there are rules to follow. Only act according to the law, to overcome blindness and strengthening initiative, creative. Working in the Office, we should be good at analyzing the essence of things, to find regular thing, change from passive to active, to seek one. Investee 2. establishment of evaluation system. Evaluation system is essentially an incentive mechanism, the evaluation was objective and fair, reasonable, and can stimulate a person's energy, mobilizing people's enthusiasm or be misleading, dampened the enthusiasm of people. At present, the concept of people-oriented people, but to establish and perfect evaluation system is still lagging behind. Work in this area should be seriously caught up. \phasis on\of. Is a focus on standards and scientific. A fundamental point of the evaluation criteria, is to keep contact, development, comprehensive eye evaluation of cadres. Office work, both \nd \h subjective efforts, take another look at the objective condition; both \nother look at the \on participating the breadth of the subject. Evaluation of cadres must give full play to democracy, cadres and the masses handing over evaluation. Office work services leadership and service base, serve the people, then nominated the main object will contain a variety of services, so that assessment was accurate and to avoid one-sidedness. Third, pay attention to the seriousness of the conclusion. The use of evaluation findings is mainly embodied in his direction. Permitted to choose one, it would be tantamount to establishing a banner. Evaluation can't take care of the balance, otherwise it would undermine the offset the positive significance of evaluation. Office of the party committees at all levels should take the findings as on the cadres ' bonus-penalty, an important basis for future movements, incentive and restraint effect of making evaluations. 3. Prevention of understanding \nfidelity\ople-centered development, concrete is dialectical,. In practice in the process, to prevent one-sided and still look, from actual people. One is to use dialectical point of view to understand. Humanist is the core of the scientific Outlook on development, remains the development of the scientific Outlook on development emphasizes, is still taking economic construction as the Center. Any departure from the development of thought and action, is a misinterpretation and misunderstanding of people-oriented. Adhere to people-oriented both to overcome one-sidedness of the old, but also to prevent one-sidedness, not accelerating the development of people and the opposition. Must be very clear, people oriented and speeding up development is not opposed, but consistent, we should never be23.复合感觉： 24.生活风格： 25.尝试错误说： 26.感觉与反省两源说： 27.里博定律：
五、简答题(本大题共4小题．每小题6分．共24分） 28简述W—S—OW—R—W这一公式的含义。 29简述弗洛伊德的人格结构理论。 30简述神经特殊能力说。
31简述赫尔巴特对统觉作用及其规律的观点。 六、论述题(本大题共2小题。共27分)
32(本题13分)试述布朗的九条联想副(次级)律。 33(本题14分)试述冯特对心理学研究方法的观点。
2010年4月高等教育自学考试北京市命题考试 心理学史 试卷 (课程代码 10074)
一、单项选择题(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分) 1．主张进行自然教育，让孩子走向自然的是（ D ）P109
A. 爱尔维修 B．孔狄亚克 C. 马勒伯朗士 D．卢梭 2．在心理学史上被称为反射动作学说的创始人的是（ A ）P65
A. 笛卡儿 B. 华生 C．斯金纳 D. 巴甫洛夫 3．对身心关系的看法是身心交感论与平行论混合的是（ B ）P43
A. 莱布尼茨 B．奥古斯丁 C．斯宾诺莎 D．铁钦纳
4．在心理学史上，第一个将实验法与数学测定法结合起来研究感觉的人是（ C ）P158 A. 冯德 B．费希纳 C．韦伯 D. 比纳 5．脑作为心理的器官的看法逐渐被巩固下来的初始者是（ A ）P42
A. 格林 B．亚里士多德 C．希波克拉底 D．柏拉图 6．《畀思黑》一书，有人译为《灵魂论》，它的作者是（ C ）P30
A. 苏格拉底 B．柏拉图 C. 亚里士多德 D．毕达哥拉斯 7．爱宾浩斯从记忆实验研究得到“遗忘曲线”，所用记忆材料是（ C ）P188 A．几何图形 B．数字符号 C. 无意义音节 D．文字材料 8．布伦塔诺对后来心理学的影响相当大，他的心理学称为（ D ）P195
A. 内容心理学 B．二部心理学 C. 二重心理学 D．作为心理学
9．闵斯特伯格于1897年起定居美国，他倡导一种广义的应用心理学和在实验方面的创见给美国心理学留下较深的影响，他原籍是（ A ）P219
A. 德国 B．英国 C．法国 D．荷兰
eople-oriented in the name of reducing our enthusiasm. Premier Wen Jiabao's Government work report this year, identified as 7% growth, 2.1% lower than last year's 9.1%, but in 8 work remains to accelerate development in the first place ... Work standards. Second is to use the scale of development to understand. Society is evolving, human needs are also changing. Practice of humanism is a long-term process and cannot be achieved overnight. To treat people if you stand still and rigid dogma, it is possible to return to this, see things but not people's old ways. Therefore, we have to follow the development of the times, and continue debugging the humanist perspective, innovative people-oriented way. Under the new historical conditions, we are requested by the times, set up a brand new concept, a high starting point, high standard of armed people, shaping, exercise, people, constantly taking the new connotation of the times. Terms of Office, is to lead the vast numbers of cadres to actively adapt to the knowledge faster and actively adapt to the increasingly high level of leadership situation, actively adapt to the demand of the masses more and more situations, eager to learn, enhance accumulation, efforts, honed the ability to overcome a good service, panic. Third is to use realistiunderstanding. Adhere to people-oriented must be based on reality, not divorced from reality. Desk no water cups here in Hong Kong, staff need to drink some water to the drinking fountain on a floor, the glass used is a one-time non-cone type. Drink this cup can only hold, cannot be put down. This is not only to save on glass materials, more important is to force you to get drinking water, go back to your seat business. Our emphasis on people-oriented, does not imply you can indulge the desires, the comfortable, the pursuit of enjoyment. Office of the party committees at all levels of our comrades, must continue to maintain the style of plain living and hard struggle, to stand up to the tests of temptations, exciting \on\spirit of selfless dedication and provide services. Investee 4. clearly defined responsibilities. Putting people first is a common vision of development, everyone is a liability. People-oriented, above and below with the responsibility for coordinating system must be established and hold everyone accountable. First, we must strengthen the leadership. \s place, its governance, its level, bear the responsibility of the Division.\s the minimum requirement for leaders, is a measure of the basic criteria for whether a leading cadre is competent. Leaders need to \benefit of\ously assume responsibility for implementing people-oriented. Director of the Office of the party committees at all levels is the responsibility of the units to implement people-oriented, to manage their people, \plug in own responsibility\ng cadres, cadres and cadres work, efforts to revitalize the Office of human resources, Office work is full of vigor and vitalitywell, with the effectiveness of services to defend the interests of the masses. Third, we should strive to do well. o achieve good practical results, the key is to know the law, to grasp the laws and using laws. Office of economic development, social progress, there are rules to follow. Only act according to the law, to overcome blindness and strengthening initiative, creative. Working in the Office, we should be good at analyzing the essence of things, to find regular thing, change from passive to active, to seek one. Investee 2. establishment of evaluation system. Evaluation system is essentially an incentive mechanism, the evaluation was objective and fair, reasonable, and can stimulate a person's energy, mobilizing people's enthusiasm or be misleading, dampened the enthusiasm of people. At present, the concept of people-oriented people, but to establish and perfect evaluation system is still lagging behind. Work in this area should be seriously caught up. \phasis on\of. Is a focus on standards and scientific. A fundamental point of the evaluation criteria, is to keep contact, development, comprehensive eye evaluation of cadres. Office work, both \nd \h subjective efforts, take another look at the objective condition; both \nother look at the \on participating the breadth of the subject. Evaluation of cadres must give full play to democracy, cadres and the masses handing over evaluation. Office work services leadership and service base, serve the people, then nominated the main object will contain a variety of services, so that assessment was accurate and to avoid one-sidedness. Third, pay attention to the seriousness of the conclusion. The use of evaluation findings is mainly embodied in his direction. Permitted to choose one, it would be tantamount to establishing a banner. Evaluation can't take care of the balance, otherwise it would undermine the offset the positive significance of evaluation. Office of the party committees at all levels should take the findings as on the cadres ' bonus-penalty, an important basis for future movements, incentive and restraint effect of making evaluations. 3. Prevention of understanding \nfidelity\ople-centered development, concrete is dialectical,. In practice in the process, to prevent one-sided and still look, from actual people. One is to use dialectical point of view to understand. Humanist is the core of the scientific Outlook on development, remains the development of the scientific Outlook on development emphasizes, is still taking economic construction as the Center. Any departure from the development of thought and action, is a misinterpretation and misunderstanding of people-oriented. Adhere to people-oriented both to overcome one-sidedness of the old, but also to prevent one-sidedness, not accelerating the development of people and the opposition. Must be very clear, people oriented and speeding up development is not opposed, but consistent, we should never be10．1904年在美国出版的(青春期)一书的作者是（ B ）P213 A. 卡特尔 B．霍尔 C. 魏斯 D．拉德 二、多项选择题(本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分)
11．十四世纪末至十七世纪初是西方封建主义向资本主义过渡的时期，这个时期被称为（ AC ）P48
A. 再生时期 B．反启蒙时期 C．文艺复兴时期 D．启蒙时期 E．黑暗时期
12．对骨相学的创立与发展起重要作用的人物有（ BC ）P131
A．比兰 B．斯铺宰姆 C．哥尔 D．布朗 E．贝克莱 13．认为一切知识来源于感官经验，人出生时心是空白的人是（ AB ）P79
A. 阿奎那P44 B．洛克P79 C. 霍布斯P76 D．司各脱P45 E．笛卡尔P61 14．洛克认为经验材料的来源有（ BC ）P79
A．运动 B．反省 C．感觉 D. 学习 E．天赋 15．德谟克利特认为灵魂原子遍布全身，但特别集中于（ ABCE ）P24
A. 感官 B．脑 C．肝脏 D．松果腺 E．心脏 三、填空题(本大题共7小题，每空1分，共15分)
16．亚里士多德把心理功能区分为（ 认识 ）和（ 动求 ）两大类。P31
17．提斯顿把心理过程分为（ 理解 ）、（ 感情 ）和（ 意志 ）三部分。P125
18．孔狄亚克认为（ 感觉 ）是一切知识的来源，各种心理过程都只是它的（ 变相 ）。P110
19．阿那克西曼德认为万物的本源是“无限者”，由它分离出两种相对立的物质：（ 热 ）与（ 冷 ）。P17 20．达尔文的进化论使（ 比较 ）心理学得以产生，并促进了（ 儿童 ）心理学的发展。P176 21．冯特于（ 1879 ）年在（ 莱比锡 ）大学创建了世界上第一个心理学实验室。P180 22．美国心理学家詹姆士把情绪分为两类：（ 粗糙 ）情绪和（ 细致 ）的情绪。P210 四、名词解释(本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分)
23．情操：情操是情绪的最高、最集中的表现，它们往往在人的行为中起着很大作用。例如爱祖国的情操。P281 24．微振：是指神经的振动是由外物引起的，引起之后在脑中要保持一段时间，这时的振动就叫微振。微振与振动基本一样，只不过微振在振动的份量上更加微弱，二者没有性质的区别只有量上和程度上的不同。P96
25．神经阶层说：卡巴尼斯提出神经阶层说，认为神经分为高层和低层，神经系统的高层是脑，低层是脊髓。高层具有意识，包括感觉、思想和意志；低层没有意识，而只有一种反射活动或动作。高层和低层之间还有一层，即中层，也就是说，意识和无意识之间有半意识。P114
26．复合感觉：马勒伯朗士认为人的经验的单位，不是孤立的感觉而是复合感觉，是过去的经验与当前的 感觉的结合。这种结合是立刻的，意识不到的，所以马勒伯朗士称为“复合感觉”，又叫做“自然判断”意即不是通常意义上的判断。自然判断是人明知其不正确也 无法不那样知觉。P68
27．集体无意识：集体无意识。这个最深的意识层次是个体所不知的。它包含着远祖在内的过去所有各个世代所积累起来的经验的影响。集体无意识不反映个体的历史和经验。P277 五、简答题(本大题共4小题，每小题6分，共24分) 28．简述柏拉图的灵魂三级论。P29
29．简述苏格兰学派的主要观点。P100-101 30．简述原始材能说。P150
31．美国心理学走机能主义道路的理论基础是什么?P207 六、论述题(本大题共2小题，每小题13分，共26分) 32．试述勒温的“场论”。P262
33．学习心理学史应着重掌握哪几个方面的内容.P1－3
eople-oriented in the name of reducing our enthusiasm. Premier Wen Jiabao's Government work report this year, identified as 7% growth, 2.1% lower than last year's 9.1%, but in 8 work remains to accelerate development in the first place ... Work standards. Second is to use the scale of development to understand. Society is evolving, human needs are also changing. Practice of humanism is a long-term process and cannot be achieved overnight. To treat people if you stand still and rigid dogma, it is possible to return to this, see things but not people's old ways. Therefore, we have to follow the development of the times, and continue debugging the humanist perspective, innovative people-oriented way. Under the new historical conditions, we are requested by the times, set up a brand new concept, a high starting point, high standard of armed people, shaping, exercise, people, constantly taking the new connotation of the times. Terms of Office, is to lead the vast numbers of cadres to actively adapt to the knowledge faster and actively adapt to the increasingly high level of leadership situation, actively adapt to the demand of the masses more and more situations, eager to learn, enhance accumulation, efforts, honed the ability to overcome a good service, panic. Third is to use realistiunderstanding. Adhere to people-oriented must be based on reality, not divorced from reality. Desk no water cups here in Hong Kong, staff need to drink some water to the drinking fountain on a floor, the glass used is a one-time non-cone type. Drink this cup can only hold, cannot be put down. This is not only to save on glass materials, more important is to force you to get drinking water, go back to your seat business. Our emphasis on people-oriented, does not imply you can indulge the desires, the comfortable, the pursuit of enjoyment. Office of the party committees at all levels of our comrades, must continue to maintain the style of plain living and hard struggle, to stand up to the tests of temptations, exciting \on\spirit of selfless dedication and provide services. Investee 4. clearly defined responsibilities. Putting people first is a common vision of development, everyone is a liability. People-oriented, above and below with the responsibility for coordinating system must be established and hold everyone accountable. First, we must strengthen the leadership. \s place, its governance, its level, bear the responsibility of the Division.\s the minimum requirement for leaders, is a measure of the basic criteria for whether a leading cadre is competent. Leaders need to \benefit of\ously assume responsibility for implementing people-oriented. Director of the Office of the party committees at all levels is the responsibility of the units to implement people-oriented, to manage their people, \plug in own responsibility\ng cadres, cadres and cadres work, efforts to revitalize the Office of human resources, Office work is full of vigor and vitality