ESSENCE OF PMBOK & PMP EXAM Risk Questions 险？ Quality Questions What are control limits as used in control charts? 控制图表中的控制界限是什么？ Define \为kaizen定义 What is gold-plating? 什么是镀金？ What is the effect of sample size on the standard deviation? 样本大小对偏差的影响是什么？ What is the Rule of Seven? 七值定律是什么？ Control limits describe the natural variation of a process. Assignable cause is a point outside the control limits.控制界限描述过程的正常偏差。可找出原因的特殊事件是超出控制限度的点。 Continuous improvement持续改进 Giving the customer more than what was required. It has no value.提供给客户超出他们需求范围的东西。是没有价值的。 Whenever sample size increases, the standard deviation decreases.随抽样数量的增加，标准偏差降低。 If seven or more observations in a row occur on the same side of the mean, even though within control limits, they should be investigated as an assignable cause.如果有七个以上的观测点落在均值的同一侧，虽然在控制限度之内，它们应该按特殊原因进行研究。 An inventory control approach that attempts to reduce work -in-process inventory; there is no extra stock kept in reserve通过减少库存物资（过程存货）降低成本，储备中没有多余的库存 Cost of conformance and cost of nonconformance一致性和非一致性成本 They show how various causes and subclasses relate to create potential problems. After these are identified, corrective action can be taken. 反映潜在问题与造成问题的因素间的联系。它们被确定后，纠正行动可以实施。 To describe how the project management team will implement its quality policy描述项目管理团队如何制订项目的质量方针。 A bar chart in which data are arranged in descending order of importance. It puts issues into an easily understood framework.一种柱状图，数据按重要性递减排序。它很容易清楚的反映问题。 A relatively small number (20%) of causes will typically produce a large majority (80%) of the problems or defects. 20%的原因造成80%项目问题。 The individual. The project manager has overall responsibility. 个人（谁干活谁负责）。项目经理对整体质量负责。 A technique used to determine whether a product can be produced cost effectively by the organization.判断组织生产某项产品总成本的一种技术（自己做和外购哪个更合适）。 Inducements provided by the buyer to the contractor in an attempt to ring the objectives and interests of the contractor in line with those of the buyer; positive and negative. Usually cost effective协调买卖双方目标和利益。分积极的和消极的，通常降低成本。 Meetings with prospective sellers to ensure that they have a clear, common understanding of the procurement; held before sellers prepare their proposals. 确保潜在供应商清晰的公平的理解需求。在供方提供他们的建议书前召开。 Proposal, Scope of Work, Terms and Conditions (which should be the result of a risk analysis), general provision, special provisions (which takes precedence over general provisions) 建议书，工作说明书，工期和约束条件（需要进行达到目标的风险分析），常规规范，特殊规范（优先于常规规范） Take action. (1) Contact seller and ask what’s going on. (2) let seller know he is in default (e.g. default letter). 采取行动（1）与合同供方联系询问原因（2）让供方知道已经违约了 （如：质询函） Integration Questions Lessons learned are completed by? 经验教训如何获得？ Project team通过项目团队 a flood zone) 能被识别的可能发生的风险（例如：在洪水多发地区预测可能发生的洪灾） What is Just-In-Time? “零库存”是什么？ What is meant by the cost of quality? 质量成本包括什么？ How are cause and effect diagrams used? 因果图用于？ What is the principal purpose of the Quality Management Plan? 质量管理计划的首要目标是什么？ What is a Pareto Diagram? 什么是帕雷托图？ What is the underlying concept of a Pareto Diagram?什么是帕雷托图的基本概念？ Who is ultimately responsible for quality? 谁对质量最终负责？ Procurement Questions What is make or buy analysis? 什么是自制或购买分析？ What are contract incentives? 什么是合同激励？ What is a bidder's conference? 什么是投标人会议？ What is part of the contract document? 合同文件由什么组成？ What do you do if a seller does not perform according to the contract? 如果供应商未按合同规定执行，你将怎么办？ 31
ESSENCE OF PMBOK & PMP EXAM
What are the major constraints on a project? 项目的主要约束是什么？ When many changes are made to a project, what should a project manager do? 当项目发生很多变化时，项目经理应该怎样做？ What is the purpose of a Project Plan? 项目计划的目标是什么？ Refers to the Triple Constraints: Cost, Time, Quality, along with customer satisfaction and scope of work.一般指三重约束：成本、进度、质量及客户满意度和工作范围 Make change as needed, but maintain a schedule baseline (baseline is there to determine how the project is progressing)根据需求进行变更，但要保持进度基线（基线决定项目如何进行） 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. You are a new project manager. It is best to rely on ?? to improve your chances of success?你是一个新项目管理者。依靠什么可以提高成功几率？
STRATEGY FOR VARIOUS TYPES OF QUESTIONS:
#1: “What has the project manager FORGOTTEN to do?”项目管理者忘记了做了什么？
a) b) c) d)
determine what process they are referring to确定他们提到的进程
determine if answer choices are/should be input/output/tools (activities)确定答案选项是否是/应该是输入/输出/工具（活动） determine which input/output/tool the question is looking for确定问题寻找的输入/输出/工具 select the one missing选择缺少的一个
Guide the project execution执导项目执行 Document project planning assumption项目计划假设文档化 Document project planning decisions regarding alternatives chosen选择项目计划编制方案的决策文档化 Facilitate communications among stakeholders便于干系人沟通 Define key management review 定义关键管理回顾 Provide a baseline for progress measurement and project control为进展衡量方法和项目控制提供一个基线 Historical information历史信息
#2: “What is the BEST thing to do?”什么是必须做的？
The correct answer should resolve the underlying problem.正确的答案应该能解决潜在的问题。
#3 “The project manager must be MOST careful to / Which is the MOST important?”什么是项目管理者必须特别注意的/什么是最重要的？ The easiest way to deal with these questions is to look for the choice that will have the highest impact on the project.处理这类问题的最容易的方法是寻找对项目有最大影响的选择。
#4 Tip: However accurate answer choice are, pick the one that answer the question.无论正确答案是什么，选择一个回答问题。
#5 Tip: Know problem solving processes (e.g. for a change: (1) Evaluate impact of the change with the team, (2) determine option and (3) go to management or customer.)了解问题解决过程（例如：针对一个变更（1）和团队一起评估变更的影响（2）确定选项（3）去管理者或用户处）
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