A year and a hal f (或One and a half years) has passed . 一年半时间过去了。 Note: half a + 单数名词, 谓语动词用单数。例如: Hal f a dollar was spent on food . 花了半美元买食品。
16 . a herd of, a pack of, a flock of, a school of, a swarm of, a drove of 等表示数量的集体名
词短语, 如果指的是一个整体(一群人或动物) , 谓语动词用单数; 如果侧重于群体中的 每一个成员, 可以用复数动词
A f lock of sheep were running into the road and causing confusion among the traffic .
大学英语语法———讲座与测试(第二版) 775 一、主语和谓语的一致
一群羊跑到了公路上, 给交通造成了混乱。
A pack of wolves was following them closely . 狼群紧跟在他们后面。
17 .“a series of , a portion of, a species of, a piece of 等+ 名词(单数或复数)”作主语时, 谓语
动词用单数形式
A series of lectures on psychology is said to be given by Mr . Stone . 据说斯通先生将要 作一系列关于心理学的演讲。
A large portion of her poems was published after her death . 她的大部分诗作都是在其 死后发表的。
18 . little, much, a little, only a little, quite a little, much more, a great deal of, an amount of, a quantity of 只能修饰不可数名词, 谓语动词用单数形式
A large amount o f money is spent on the project . 这项工程耗费了巨额资金。 .. a quantity of 间或也可以修饰可数名词。例如:
A quantity o f baskets were on sale . 有一批篮子待售。
19 . 用and连接的两个名词作主语, 指同一人或物或通常由两个部件配成的物品时, 用单数 谓语动词, 指不同的人或物或分开的东西用复数谓语动词
另外, 两种抽象的东西被人们看作是不可分的一个整体, 两个名词已构成一种食品等 时, 谓语动词亦用单数。
The secretary and manager was present at the meeting . 书记兼经理出席了会议。 The poet and singer has come . 那位诗人兼歌唱家来了。
My neighbour and colleague is watering the flowers . 我的邻居兼同事在浇花。
The secretary and the manager were present at the meeting . 书记和经理都出席了会议。 The iron and steel industry is of great importance to the national economy . 钢铁工业对 国民经济至关重要。(一种工业)
The food and the textile industry depend mainly on agriculture for raw material . 粮食工 业和纺织工业主要靠农业提供原料。(两种工业)
Truth and honesty is the best policy . 诚实才是上策。
Wit and humour abounds in the book . 这本书中充满了机智和幽默。
War and peace is a constant theme in history . 战争与和平是历史的永恒主题。
The number and diversity of British newspapers is considerable . 英国报纸数量大, 品种 多。
Brown bread and butter is usually eaten with smoked salmon . (涂了黄油的黑面包) Egg and rice is her usual breakfast . 她的早点通常是蛋炒饭。
Salt and water is also a kind of medicine . 盐开水也是一种药。
The hammer and sickle was flying from a tall flagpole . (铁锤镰刀旗)
Trial and error is the source of our knowledge . 磨难和错误是我们知识的来源。 His warmest admirer and severest critic is his wife . ( admirer 和critic 为一人) The candlestick and candle sells for one dollar . 烛台和蜡烛卖一美元。 A brace and bit is a tool for making holes . (手摇曲柄钻) The wheel and axle is out of order . (轮轴) The tumult and shouting was dying . (喧闹声) All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy .
.. 其他如: a knife and fork(一副刀叉) , a cup and saucer (带茶托的茶杯) , a coat and skir t (一套上装和裙子) , a car riage and pair (双马拉的马车) , a coach and four (四轮大马车) , a
新/ 世/ 纪/ 英/ 语/ 丛/ 书 776 第十九讲 一 致 关 系
cart and horse (一辆(套着) 马( 的) 车) , a watch and chain (带链的挂表) , a desk and chair (一套桌椅) , bacon and eggs(咸肉鸡蛋) , cheese and wine(奶酪和葡萄酒) , tripe and onions(牛肚和洋葱) , sausage( s) and mash(香肠和土豆泥) , a needle and thread(针线(穿 了线的针) ) , duck and peas(鸭肉烧豌豆) , whisky and soda(威士忌加苏打水)。
.. 如果一个不可数名词被两个形容词修饰, 指两样东西, 动词用复数; 如果指一样东西, 动 词用单数。例如:
English and German grammar are different . 英语语法和德语语法是不同的。 Cool and fresh wind is blowing from the south . 凉爽而清新的风正从南方吹来。 .. 如果两个名词重复, 但指不同的东西, 谓语动词用复数。例如:
The situation before the war and the situation after the war are not the same . 战前的形 势和战后的形势是不同的。 比较:
Her home and of f ice is on the fifth floor . 她的家兼办公室在五楼。(一个地方)
Her home and her of f ice are on the fifth floor . 她的家和办公室在五楼。(两个地方) Fish and chips is a popular meal in Britain . 鱼炸土豆片在英国是很受欢迎的膳食。 Fish and chips are enough for me . 鱼和炸土豆片对我就够了。
.. 有时候, 两个抽象名词用作主语时, 谓语动词用单数或复数均可。例如: His courage and endurance is (或are) admirable . 他的勇气和耐心令人称赞。 Care and understanding is (或are ) important . 关怀和理解是重要的。
Note: 两种以上的不同物质混为一体用作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数。例如: The smoke and gas f ills the building . (烟气)
Much mud and sand gathers to block the river , down which water and oil is flowing . (泥沙, 水带着油)
下面两句指的是不同的人或物:
Your and my husband were present at the meeting . Good and bad butter are easy to identify .
.. 但是, 当justice and law(正义与法律) , time and tide(岁月) , fairness and impartiality(公正
和不偏不倚)等作主语时, 因其数的概念不明确, 故谓语用单数或复数均可。 20 . 用both . . .and 连接两个名词作主语, 谓语动词用复数形式
Both bread and butter were sold out in that grocery . 那家食品杂货店出售面包和黄油。 21 . 用and连接的两个单数名词作主语, 若前面有each, every, no 等修饰, 谓语动词用单数 形式
In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education . 在我国, 男孩 和女孩都有受教育的权力。
No teacher and no student is admitted . 师生一律不得入内。
Many a boy and many a girl has seen this painting . 许多男孩和女孩都看过这幅油画。 ( = Many boys and girls have . . .)
Not enjoyment , and not sorrow, is our destined end or way . 欢乐和悲伤都不是我们注 定的结果和道路。
Note: ①many 和another 搭配为一种特殊用法。例如: Like many another boy, Jim has passed the exam .
②many is the 后跟单数名词, 放在句首, 意为“多得是, 很多”。例如: Many is the man she has helped . 她帮助过的人很多很多。
大学英语语法———讲座与测试(第二版) 777 一、主语和谓语的一致
Many..s the time I..ve seen him walk along the lake . 我有好多次看见他在湖边散步。 Many..s the job he..s left unfinished . 他留下了许多未完成的工作。
22 . 单数名词作主语, 后面紧跟aswell as, no less than, rather than, more than, but, except, besides, with, accompanied by, along with, together with, like, including, in addition to, combined with等时, 谓语动词用单数形式
The teacher as well as the students likes this painting . 不仅学生, 老师也喜欢这幅油画。 The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible . 应负责的是父亲, 而不是兄弟。
23 . 用or, either . . .or, neither . . .nor, not only . . .but also 等连接的名词或代词作主语时, 谓语动词形式要同最近的主语保持一致
One or two f riends are coming this evening . 一两个朋友今晚要来。
Either the principal or his assistants are to attend the meeting . 校长或是他的助手要去 参加会议。
Neither I nor he is to blame . 我和他都不该受责备。
24 .“all( of) , half(of) , some(of)以及remainder(of) , the rest(of) , plenty(of) , a part of, enough
of , none of, most of, a lot of, lots of, abundance of , bulk of, mass of, a heap of,
heaps of, aworld of, a flood of, a store of, a percentage of , two thirds of, per cent of, a proportion of 等+ 名词”作主语时, 谓语动词的单复数取决于of 后的名词是单数还是复 数, 或者视具体的上下文而定 比较(参阅第七讲) :
Most of his spare time was spent in reading . 他的大部分业余时间都花在阅读上了。 Most of the houses in this town are new . 这座城市的大多数房子是新的。
Hal f o f the f ood is unfit to eat . 这食物中有一半不能吃。 Hal f o f the books are novels . 这些书中有一半是小说。 Abundance o f meat has spoilt . 许多肉都坏了。
Abundance o f birds have flown away . 许多鸟都飞走了。 Plenty of snow has melted . 大量的雪都化了。
Plenty of apples are needed here . 这里需要大量的苹果。
The rest of the money was locked in the safe . 其余的钱锁在保险箱里。 The rest of the peasants were still poor . 其余的农民还很穷。 A mass of snow lies in the yard . 院子里积了大量的雪。
A mass of customers are entering the supermarket . 大批顾客正走进那家商场。 Two thirds of the milk is sour . 三分之二的牛奶酸了。
Two thirds of the trees are newly planted . 三分之二的树是新植的。 The bulk o f the work has been done . 大部分的工作已经完成。
The bulk o f the villagers have gone fishing . 大部分村民都去捕鱼了。
A large proportion of her income is spent on clothes . 她的大部分收入都花在了衣服上。 A large proportion of the inhabitants are Chinese . 居民大部分都是华人。
A large percentage of water in the lake is polluted . 这个湖里的水大部分都被污染了。 A large percentage o f his novels are worth reading . 他的大部分小说都值得读。 Fi f ty per cent o f my task has been done . 我的任务已经完成百分之五十。
Fi f ty per cent of the students have passed the exam . 百分之五十的学生通过了这次考试。 A part o f the land was devoted to agriculture . 一部分土地用于农作物种植。 A part o f the f ields were watered . 一部分田地浇过水了。
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Most guests have left and the remainder are staying here for night . 大多数客人都走了, 留下的将在这里过夜。
25 . both, (a) few, many, several 等修饰的主语, 谓语动词用复数形式
Both( of ) the instruments are not precision ones . 这两种仪器并不都是精密的。 Few people live to be 100 . 很少有人活到100 岁。
Few( of ) the guests were familiar to us . 客人中没有几个是我们熟悉的。
Several of them have decided to walk home . 他们有几个人已决定步行回家。 Note: several 用作代词充当主语时, 谓语动词用复数。例如: Several were broken . 破了几个。
Several are in the garden . 有几个在园子里。
26 . 合成代词someone, anything, nobody, everyone 等作主语, 代词each, every one, no one,
either, neither, another, the other 作主语, 以及either, neither, each, every, many a, more than one 等+ 名词(代词)作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式
Nothing in the world moves faster than light . 世界上没有什么东西比光传播得更快。
More than one de f endant is involved in the case . 这个案件涉及到不止一个被告。 Many a little makes a mickle . 积少成多。
Many a ship has been wrecked on these rocks . Note:more persons than one 为复数。例如: More persons than one were arrested . 27 . 在“one of + the+ 复数名词+ 定语从句”结构中, 定语从句一般视为修饰复数名词, 故从
句谓语动词用复数形式
This is one o f the laboratories that have been built this year in our institute . 这是我院今 年建成的实验室之一。
Note: 在“ the one of + 复数名词和the only one of + 复数名词+ 定语从句”结构中, 定语从
句应视为修饰单数名词, 故从句谓语动词用单数形式。例如:
He was the only one of the boys who was given a prize . 他是这些孩子中唯一得奖的。 This is the one o f the books on the subject that has been written in Chinese .
28 . 在“代词+ 定语从句”结构中, 从句谓语的人称、性、数要同被修饰的代词保持一致 I, who am wrong, should apologize to him . 我有过错, 理应向他道歉。
Each one of us who are now living is destined to witness remarkable scientific discoveries . 我们每个在世的人必定会亲眼看到一些卓越的科学发现。
29 . 由what 引导的主语从句, 谓语动词一般用单数形式, 但若从句谓语或从句后的表语是
复数形式, 则谓语动词用复数形式
What you said is quite to the point . 你说到点子上去了。
What we need are qualified teachers . 我们需要的是合格的教师。
What are often regarded as poisonous fungi( funguses) are sometimes safely edible . 一些 常被认为有毒的蘑菇有时却可以放心地食用。
What I say and think are no business of his . ( = What I say and what I think 为具有复 数意义的并列结构) 比较:
What she says and does do not agree . (“说”和“做”是两件事)
What she says and does does not matter much . (“说”和“做”为一件事, 总指其行为) What seems to be a cat is something else . (what = a thing that ) What seem to be cats are some other animals . (what = things that)
大学英语语法———讲座与测试(第二版) 779 一、主语和谓语的一致
30 . 某些名词以-s 结尾, 形式上是复数, 但实际上作单数用, 后接单数动词 常见的这类名词有: gallows 绞架, summons 传票, news。例如: The summons was served on the man . 已向他发了传票。 There..s good news tonight . 今晚有好消息。
31 .“the + 形容词(数词)and the + 形容词+ 单数名词”结构用复数动词 The fourth and the last paragraph are well written . (指两段) The fourth and last paragraph is well written . (指一段)
The red and the white rose need watering . (两朵玫瑰, 一朵红、一朵白)