this five weeks 这5 个星期(作一整体时段看待) that woods 那个树林
another six years 再过6 年
That is bad manners . 那是不礼貌的行为。 49 . neither of + 名词或代词的单复数问题
neither of + 名词或代词作主语时, 谓语动词多用单数形式, 但也可用复数形式。例如: Neither of the children was hurt . 两个孩子都没伤着。
Neither of the books is satisfactory . 两本书都不令人满意。 Neither of them are rich . 他们两人都不富有。
Neither of the brothers were alive . 兄弟俩都不在人世了。 50 . two lumps of sugar 等的单复数问题
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“复数量词+ of + 不可数名词”作主语时, 谓语动词有时用单复数皆可。例如: Two lumps of sugar are (或is) in the box . 两块糖在盒子里。
Three slices of bread have (或has) been thrown away . 扔掉了三块面包。 二、名词和代词的一致
代词与其所代替或修饰的名词应在人称和性别上保持一致。例如:
People all over the world were tired not just of World War Two, but of war itsel f . 世人 不仅讨厌二次大战, 而且也讨厌战争本身。
The electrical properties of semiconductors depend very much on their purity . 半导体的 电性能与其纯度关系极大。
Everyone has his say at the meeting . No one can do it himsel f .
Something strange has happened, didn..t it ? 比较:
The owner and the captain discussed it with their colleagues . (两人, 用their ) The owner and captain discussed it with his colleagues . (一人, 用his)
She bought bread and butter at the shop, and they were very cheap . (面包和黄油, 两 样东西, 用they)
She ate bread and butter for breakfast , and it is her favorite food . (涂有黄油的面包, 一样东西, 用it )
三、分词逻辑主语的一致
表示时间、条件、伴随等的分词的逻辑主语必须同所在句中的主语保持一致。例如: Translated into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order . 翻译成英语, 这个句子的词序完全不同了。
Hearing the bad news , she burst into tears . 听到这不幸的消息, 她失声痛哭。 四、并列(平行)结构中成分的一致
1 . 为使句子前后保持平衡和协调, 句中的并列成分应在结构上保持一致
同一句中的并列主语(谓语等)在语法等方面要求对应。例如:
Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children . (均为动名词)她的工作是 洗衣服, 打扫卫生和看孩子。
The instrument has been welcomed by users because of its stability in serviceability, reliability
in operation and simplicity in maintenance . (均为名词)该仪器性能稳定, 操作 可靠, 维修方便, 因而受到用户欢迎。
2 . 在比较结构中, 被比较的事物应是同等成分
在比较从句中, 用that 代替前面的单数名词, 而用those 代替前面的复数名词。例如: The students in our depar tment are fewer than those in their depar tment . 我们系的学生 比他们系的学生少。
The climate of Beijing is not so changeable as that of the seaside town . 北京的天气不像 那座海滨小城的天气那么多变。 五、倒装结构中主谓语的一致
大学英语语法———讲座与测试(第二版) 785 测试练习︵十九︶
在倒装句中, 其他成分放到句子前部, 而主语则往往被臵于句子后部。这时要注意辨认主 语, 谓语动词要同主语保持一致。例如:
After the exams is the time for rest . 考完了试就可以休息了。
In the margins was written something in red ink . 有人在书页的行间用红笔写了些词句。 六、there be 句型中的主谓一致
在there be 句型中, 当be 动词后的第一个并列成分带有不定冠词时, 谓语动词按就近原则 用单数形式。例如:
There is a sausage, an orange and a piece of cheese on the table .
There was a long spring board and three rafts at varying distance from the shore . There was singing, dancing and laughter at the party .
There is a time to be silent and a time to speak , a time for study and a time for recreation . .. there is (was) 后有时也可接复数名词, 尤其在口语中, 这符合人们的思维习惯, 往往先说 出there is ( was) , 后才想起后面的名词。例如:
There..s thousands o f people gathering on the square . 广场上聚集着成千上万的人。 There..s good books and bad books . 有好书也有坏书。 测试练习(十九) 一、选择填空
1 . The examination will test your ability spoken English , nontechnical language, and cor rectly .
A . understand . . .read . . .write B . understanding . . .reading . . .writing
C . to understand . . .to read . . .writing D . to understand . . .to read . . .to write 2 . Lessing is so poor that even five dollars a big sum to him . A . is B . are C . add D . equal
3 . It is not I but you who the first to run to the goal in that competition . A . is B . was C . are D . is going to 4 . Part of the books arrived . A . is B . have C . was D . has
5 . Nearly all t rees have seeds that fall to the ear th, take root , and eventually . A . generate new seeds B . new seeds generated
C . by generating new seeds D . new seeds generated there
6 . Mary..s sun-tanned face is a suggestion that she in excellent health . A . be B . being C . is D . was 7 . to finish quickly .
A . No every student wants B . No every student want C . Not every student wants D . Not every student want 8 . Every means been tried since then . A . has B . have C . are D . is
9 . The office staff gathered to hear the President speak . A . is B . are C . be D . will
10 . The total number of articles published on cancer amazing . A . are B . is C . have been D . be
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11 . A large number of cars parked in front of my house . A . is B . are C . was D . has 12 . There in this room .
A . are too many rooms B . are too much room C . are plenty of rooms D . is plenty of room 13 . The wheel and axle a rotating lever . A . is B . was C . are D . were
14 . Ignorance and negligence this mistake . A . cause B . have caused C . has caused D . are 15 . Truth and honesty always best policy . A . are B . is C . have been D . become
16 . No sulfur and no phosphorus(磷) present in this product . A . are B . were C . will D . is
17 . Every hour and every minute important . A . are B . were C . is D . will 二、辨认错误 1 . What is A
large and B
what is small are C
only relative
D .
2 .There have been A little B
change in the patient..s condition since C
he was out of D
danger .
3 .Two of them A
went out , the rest were doing B his C
homework in D
the classroom .
4 . A good artist like A
a good engineer learns as B
much from their C
mistakes as from D
successes .
5 .Professor Peter, with A
four of his graduate students , are B
attending a symposium in C
Nanjing on D
energy . 6 .As A
the crowd began to assemble B in C
the meeting hall , the president began to scan your D faces .
7 . Not only all A
the planets but also the sun are B in C
constant motion D .
8 .When he was A
a little boy, Mark Twain would walk B
along the piers(防波堤) , watch C
the river
boats, swimming D
and fish in the Mississppi , much like his famous character , Tom Sawyer .