The red and white rose needs watering . (一朵玫瑰, 红白相间) 32 .none 的单复数问题
none of + 不可数名词接单数动词, none of + 复数名词接复数动词或单数动词均可。 none 单独使用时, 代表不可数名词动词用单数, 代表复数名词动词用复数或单数。例 如:
None of the money in the pocket is his .
I need some ink but there is none in the bottle .
Twenty guests were invited , but none have (或has) agreed to come . None of his colleagues know (或knows) the truth . None of the pens are (或is) mine .
None of the people there are (或is) Japanese .
.. 但下面一句须用单数动词, 因为表语sister 是单数: None of them there is his sister . 33 .manners 的单复数问题
manners 作主语时, 谓语动词用单复数均可。例如: Where are your manners ? 你还懂不懂礼貌? His manners are improving . 他更懂礼貌了。
Her manners are deplorable, but she has a heart of gold .
It wasn..t manners to make too many inquiries into others..affairs . 过多地打听别人的事 情是不礼貌的。
Good manners is a rarity today . It is bad manners to inter rupt . .. 注意下面一句:
Her only hope for the future is (或are) her children . 34 .“one or two + 复数名词”的单复数问题
“one or two + 复数名词”结构作主语时, 谓语动词总是用复数。例如: There are one or two problems to be tackled today . One or two soldiers have to be sent .
.. 但:Only a word or two is(或are) misprinted . A word or two is (或are) missing here . 35 . 并列名词后的单复数问题
几个名词并列作主语, 如果最后一个名词起着归纳和顶点的作用, 谓语动词用单数。例 如:
His proper ty, his family, his li f e was in danger . 他的财产, 他的家庭, 他的生命处于危 险之中。
新/ 世/ 纪/ 英/ 语/ 丛/ 书 780 第十九讲 一 致 关 系
Your interest , your honour , God himself bids you do it . 你的利益, 你的荣誉, 上帝自己 叫你做这件事。
36 . 同位语的单复数问题
同位语作并列主语时, 谓语动词要同第一个词(中心词)一致。例如:
The famous statesman, or the man who drafted the Declaration of Independence, has been revered by later generations . 那位著名的政治家, 即《独立宣言》的起草者, 受到后 世人们的敬仰。
All his property , the books , the pictures and the house, was consumed by the fire . 他所 有的财产———他的书, 他的画, 他的房子———都被大火吞噬了。 37 . the following 的单复数问题
the following 作主语时, 谓语动词可用单数, 也可用复数。如果表语是单数名词或上下 文表示的是单数概念, 谓语动词用单数; 如果表语是复数名词或上下文表示的是复数概 念, 则谓语动词用复数。例如:
The following is the correct answer .
The following deserves(deserve) noticing . 下面一点(几点)值得注意。 The following have been chosen to play in tomor row..s match . The following are the alternatives we shall discuss . 38 . a grey hair 和a long beard
指一人的全部头发或多人的头发时, hair 是集体名词, 前不可加a, 后不可加s , 谓语动词 用单数; 指一根一根的头发时, hair 是可数名词, 有单复数变化。例如: He has grey hair . 他满头白发。
He has ( some) grey hairs . 他有了一些白头发。
These young men have long hair . 这些年轻人都是长发。
.. beard 是集体名词, 指一个人的全部胡须时用a beard, 指多人的胡须时用beards(注意与 hair 不同) ; 一根胡须要用a whisker 表示, 多根胡须用whiskers。例如: The old man has a long beard . 这位老人留着长胡须。
These old men have long beards . 这些老人都留着长胡须。 39 . 商店名称作主语的单复数问题
商店名称作主语时, 可看作单数, 也可看作复数, 因此谓语动词用单复数皆可。例如: Longman..s sells (或sell) this kind of cloth . 朗曼商店出售这种布。 Harrod..s is (或are) not far from here . 哈罗德店离这里不远。 40 . is partners with sb . 还是are partners with sb .
在下面的句子中, 系动词同主语一致, 而不受表语的影响, 还有些是名词与数词不一致, 另有一些是习惯用法。
These stars were his only guide . 这些星星是他唯一的向导。(不用was) His only pleasure is the cards . 他的唯一娱乐就是玩牌。(不用are)
The room is all bottles and newspapers . 房间里到处都是瓶子和报纸。(不用are) The park is all flowers and trees . 公园里到处是花和树。(不用are) Many fall victim . 许多人都是受害者。(不用victims) We are always the victor . 我们总是赢家。(不用victors)
They have become master of the Chinese language . 他们已掌握了中文。(不用masters) He is partners (或pals) with me . 他是我的搭档。(习惯用法) She is shipmates with Jim . 她同杰姆同乘一船。(习惯用法)
大学英语语法———讲座与测试(第二版) 781 一、主语和谓语的一致
I am quits with the boss . 我同老板算清账了。
John is enemies with them . 约翰同他们关系不好。
She is great friends with my sister . 她同我妹妹是好朋友。
Parks are one of the places for children to play in . 公园是儿童玩的地方之一。 41 . 数词和量词的单复数问题
1)数词作主语时, 不论指人或指物, 谓语通常要用复数形式( one 等除外) Few know the secret . 很少有人知道这个秘密。 Six are missing . 丢了6 个。
A f ew have been wounded . 有几个受了伤。
Twenty head of cattle are in the field . 田里有20 头牛。 Eight yoke o f oxen are grazing . 八对共轭牛在吃草。 2)量词作主语时, 通常看作单数, 谓语动词也用单数 A little is enough . 一点就够了。
Too much old magazines is on sale there . 那里有许许多多的旧杂志出售。 Not much clothes is needed . 不需要很多衣服。
Too much f ruits is also harmful to your health . 吃太多的水果对身体也不好。
Note: 上面句中的magazines, clothes 和f ruits 均为复数名词, 但这里用much 修饰, 表示 “太多”的量, 不是从一本本、一件件、一只只去看的, 而是从总量上去看的, 故谓语动 词用单数。
42 .majority 的单复数问题
.. majority 是可数名词, 含义为great number , 指可数的概念, 不指量( amount)。the majority
作主语时, 如果泛指多数(与少数相对) , 谓语动词用单复数皆可。例如: The majority is (或are) doing its (或their) best . 大多数人都尽全力。 The majority is (或are) in favour of the plan . 大多数人赞成这项计划。 The majority is (或are) against him . 大多数人都反对他。
但: Themajority are doing their best . 多数人都在尽力干。(要用are, 因为句中有their ) .. 如果指整体、统一体, majority 常被看作单数。例如:
The majority is always able to impose its will on the minority . 多数总是能把其意志强 加于少数。
The majority is for him . 多数人支持他。
.. 如果指多出的数目, majority 常被看作单数。例如: Her majority was five votes . 她多五票取胜。
His majority was a big ( small) one . 他以绝大(微弱)多数票获胜。 .. 如果指多数中的各个成员, majority 被看作复数。例如:
The majority are of different minds on the matter . 大多数人在这个问题上持不同意见。 .. the majority of + 复数名词, 表示“大多数..”, 谓语动词用复数。例如:
The majority of doctors believe that smoking is harmful to health . 大多数医生都认为 吸烟有害健康。
The majority of her f riends have gone abroad . 她的大部分朋友都出国了。 .. the majority of + 集体名词, 谓语动词用单数或复数均可。例如:
The majority of the population in the country lives (或live) in cities . 这个国家的大部 分人口都住在城市里。
The majority of the committee has (或have) ar rived . 委员会的大部分成员都到达了。
新/ 世/ 纪/ 英/ 语/ 丛/ 书 782 第十九讲 一 致 关 系
.. a majority of + 复数名词, 表示“多数, 许多”, 谓语动词用复数。例如:
A majority o f workers now work five days a week . 现在多数工人每周工作5 天。 .. 表示量的概念要用most , 不用majority。例如: The majority o f the forest has been cut down . (误)
Most of the forest has been cut down . 这个森林大部分都被砍了。 The majority o f the area is covered by snow . (误)
Most of the area is covered by snow . 这个地区的大部分都被雪覆盖着。 比较:
The majority o f children like sports . (含有对比, 意指有少数小孩不喜欢运动) Most children like sports . (不含对比, 指一般小孩) .. majority 构成的习语:
win by (或with) a big ( small , narrow) majority 以绝大(微弱, 勉强)多数票取胜 be elected by a majority of 108 以108 票的多数当选 43 . amount 的单复数问题
1) a good (great , vast , large, small) amount of + 不可数名词 A vast amount o f heat is sent from the sun . A large amount o f danger is awaiting him . Only a small amount o f water was left .
2) the amount of + 不可数名词或复数可数名词, 但谓语动词用单数 The amount of work astonishes her .
The amount of books was huge . (美国英语, 可用amount 取代number) The amount of apples is at least ten truckloads .
3) large ( increasing, small) amounts of + 不可数名词, 谓语动词用复数 Large amounts of money were spent on the project . (不用was) Increasing amounts of f orce are necessary . (不用is)
Note: 注意不说a little amount 或a big amount , 并参阅有关部分。 44 . a group of + 复数名词的单复数问题
这种结构若强调整体, 谓语动词用单数形式, 若强调各个组成部分, 谓语动词用复数形 式。例如:
这群儿童在同一个班上。
This group o f children is in the same class . (强调整体) This group o f children are in the same class . (强调个体) 45 . a pair of + 复数名词的单复数问题
这种结构通常要求用单数谓语动词, 与pair 保持一致; 但若强调个别成员, 也可用复数
谓语动词。例如:
A pair o f glasses is needed . 需要一副眼镜。
A pair o f thieves were caught yesterday . 昨天抓住了两个盗贼。 46 . a kind of 和this kind of 等后的复数问题
1) a kind ( sort ) of + 单数名词和this kind of + 单数名词用单数谓语动词
There is a kind of tree in the garden which flowers once every two years . 院子里有一种 每两年开一次花的树。
This kind of book is wor th buying . 这种书值得买。
.. 后接复数名词时, 也可用复数谓语动词, 这时强调名词的复数概念。例如:
大学英语语法———讲座与测试(第二版) 783 一、主语和谓语的一致
This kind of men are(或is) dangerous . 这种人很危险。
The kind of books you..ve just mentioned are valuable . 你刚才提到的那种书很有价值。 2) these ( those) kind of + 单数名词或复数名词, 要求用复数谓语动词 These kind o f tree( s) are rare now . 这种树现在很少见到了。
3) these ( those) kinds of + 单数名词或复数名词, 要求用复数谓语动词 Those kinds of f ruit ( s) are cheap . 那些种类的水果便宜。 4)What kinds of + 单数名词, 要求用复数谓语动词
What kinds o f bird stay here for the winter ? 哪些种类的鸟在这里过冬? 比较:
你最喜欢哪一类的花?
What kind of f lower do you like most ? = What kind o f f lowers do you like most ? 你最喜欢哪些花?
What kinds o f f lower do you like most ? = What kinds of f lowers do you like most ? .. 注意下面两句的含义:
He served us a kind of coffee . 他给我们喝一种咖啡。
He served us with coffee o f a kind . 他给我们喝说是咖啡而非咖啡的东西。(徒有其 名, 实在太差) 比较:
Men o f this kind are dangerous . There are many kinds of apples . 47 . worth + 名词的单复数问题
1)worth + 单数名词或复数名词, 通常要求用单数谓语动词
The worth of the stamp is estimated at two hundred dollars . 这枚邮票估价2 百美元。 The worth of noble men is not always understood . 高尚的人并不总是被人理解的。 2)金额+ worth , 谓语动词形式要依金额是单数或复数而定 One dollar..s worth of stamps is bought . 买了1 美元的邮票。 Ten dollars..worth of stamps are bought . 买了10 美元的邮票。 48 . this, that 和another 后可接复数名词
this, that 和another 后也可接复数名词, 而且this 和that 作主语时, 其表语有时可以是 复数名词。例如: