学 号：200913020230
HEBEI UNITED UNIVERSITY
毕业论文 GRADUATE THESIS
设计题目：露天矿山土石方剥离工程量计算方法比较研究 学生姓名：王欢 专业班级：09测绘2班 学 院：矿业工程学院 指导教师：吴长悦 教授
2013年5月30日
摘 要
摘 要
土石方工程是矿山建设的一项基础性工作，土石方工程计量是造价的一项重要组成部分。在露天矿山规划中，土方量计算是一项经常性的、不可缺少的工作，且在整个工程量中，土石方工程常占有较大比例。土方量计算精度的高低直接影响到建设工期、经济效益。需要合理地进行土方调配，节省施工费用，加快工程进度。因此，研究土方量的计算方法、精度及计算方法的实用范围、条件和存在问题是非常必要的。但由于土石方计量直接涉及到工程建设方和施工方的经济利益，加上实际工程中土石方计量的复杂性，因此计量成果经常会被工程双方质疑。如何规范化土石方工程计量被视为当今土的一道难题。
土方量计算是露天矿山预算土石方剥离工作量与费用的重要依据，准确快速地计算土方量具有重要的实用价值。主要本文介绍了露天矿山土石方计算的常用的三种方法，三角网法、方格网法和等高线法。选取唐山市清东陵铁矿进行野外施测。内业采用CASS7.1对野外采集的数据进行计算。从理论和计算结果两方面讨论它们的适用范围、条件及精度。
关键词 土方计算；数字地面模型；三角网法；方格网法；等高线法
-I-
Abstract Abstract
Land planning survey is a basic work, The calculations of land planning survey is an important component in the cost.In the open pit mine plan, the calculations of land planning survey is a regular and indispensable work, and in the volume of the entire project, land planning survey often account for a large proportion.The calculations of land planning survey affects the level of the construction period and economic benefits directly. Land planning survey reasonably be required to save construction costs and speed up the progress.Therefore, the study of The calculations of land planning survey accuracy , calculation methods, practical range of conditions and problems are necessary.However, due to The calculations of land planning survey directly related to the construction side and the construction side of the economic benefits, plus the complexity of The calculations of land planning survey in actual project . The measurable results will often be questioned by both works sides.How to measure standardized earthwork soil is considered to be one of challenges now.
Stripped open pit mine workload and expense budget are based on The calculations of land planning survey Calculate the amount of earthwork quickly and accurately has important practical value.This article describes three common methods for the main open pit mine earthwork calculations,just as the following:triangulation method, grid method and the contour line method.It selects Tangshan Qingdongling iron for field measurements.Within the industry uses CASS7.1 for wild-collected data to calculate.The results discuss their scope, conditions and accuracy from two aspects of theory and the calculation results.
Keywords Earthwork calculation; DTM; Triangulation method; Grid method; Contour method
-II-
目 录 目 录
摘 要 .............................................................................................................................I Abstract ......................................................................................................................... II 第1章 绪论 .................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 土石方计算概述 ................................................................................................. 1 1.2 土石方计算常用方法 ......................................................................................... 1 1.3 研究现状 ............................................................................................................. 2 第2章 土石方计算原理 .............................................................................................. 3 2.1 不规则三角网法(DTM法) ................................................................................ 3 2.1.1 三角网法简介 ............................................................................................... 3 2.1.2 三角网的建立 ............................................................................................... 3 2.1.3 三角网的调整 ............................................................................................... 4 2.1.4 三角网与切割面的关系 ............................................................................... 5 2.1.5 土方量的计算 ............................................................................................... 7 2.1.6 三角网法土方量计算误差探讨 ................................................................... 9 2.2 方格网法 ........................................................................................................... 10 2.2.1 方格网法简介 ............................................................................................. 10 2.2.2 计算设计高程 ............................................................................................. 10 2.2.3 确定填、挖边界线 ..................................................................................... 11 2.2.4 计算填、挖高度 ......................................................................................... 11 2.2.5 计算填、挖方量 ......................................................................................... 11 2.3 等高线法 ........................................................................................................... 12 2.3.1 等高线法简介 ............................................................................................. 12 2.3.2 计算原理 ..................................................................................................... 12 2.4 本章小结 ........................................................................................................... 14 第3章 土方计算方法比较 ........................................................................................ 15 3.1 野外施测 ........................................................................................................... 15 3.1.1 目的任务 ..................................................................................................... 15 3.1.2 依据规范和仪器设备 ................................................................................. 15 3.1.3 土方测量控制网的布设 ............................................................................. 15 3.1.4 高程点数据采集 ......................................................................................... 16 3.2 内业计算 ........................................................................................................... 17 3.2.1 南方CASS7.1中土方计算的功能 ............................................................ 17 3.2.2 计算准备工作 ............................................................................................. 17
-III-
目 录 3.3 三角网法计算土方量 ....................................................................................... 18 3.3.1 根据坐标计算 ............................................................................................. 18 3.3.2 根据图上高程点计算 ................................................................................. 18 3.3.3 根据图上的三角网计算 ............................................................................. 19 3.4 方格网法计算土方量 ....................................................................................... 19 3.5 等高线法计算土方量 ....................................................................................... 20 3.6 计算结果和比较分析 ....................................................................................... 20 3.5.1 计算结果对比 ............................................................................................. 20 3.5.2 成果资料 ..................................................................................................... 22 3.7 本章小结 ........................................................................................................... 22 结 论 .......................................................................................................................... 23 参考文献 ...................................................................................................................... 25 谢 辞 .......................................................................................................................... 29 附录A 控制点成果表 ................................................................................................ 30 附录B 野外高程点数据 ............................................................................................ 31 附录C 三角网法土石方计算 .................................................................................... 34 附录D 方格网法土石方计算 .................................................................................... 35 附录E 等高线法土石方计算 .................................................................................... 36
-IV-