物流论文+英文版(3)

landing and taldng off ), the climate, fog and aerial currents. Air activities are linked to the tertiary and quatemary sectors, notbly finance and tourism, which lean on tete long distance mobility of people. More recently, air transportation has been acconunodating growing quantities of high vaue freight and is playing a growing role in global logisticss Intermodal transportation Concerns a variety of modes used in combination so that the respective advantages of each mode are better exploited. Althoug intermodal transporation applies for passengerer movements, such as he usage of the diffrent, but interconneted modes of a public transitsit system, it is over reight transportation that the most signficant impacts have beenen obsenred, Contrinerization has been a powerful vector of intermodal integration, enabling maritime and land tansportatin modes to more effectively inerconnectect Telecommunications Cover a grey area in terms of if they can be considered as a transport mode since uolike true transportation, telecommunications ofen does not have physicalhh ty Yet, they are structured as networks with a Practically unlimited capacity with verv 11 very low constraints, which may include te Physiogrphy and oceanic masses thatat may impair the settng off cables. Tey provide for the instantaneous movement of informati,l theory). Wave transmlssaons, because of their hmited coverage, often on (speed of light in require substations. such as for cellula phone networks. Satellites ar often uslsl Ing a geostationary orbit which is getting eowded. Hig network costs and low distribtioni0n costs chaacterize many telecommuication networks, which are linked to th tertiary and quaternary sectors (stockCK markets, business to business information networks, etc). Telecommunications can provide a substittion for personal movements in some economic sectors Introduction to Warehousing Wt.aeo:_ho\ia the storage of goods for profit as the part of firm's logistics system. Thshpiz51-~n:locujte,thewarchouse.isastoragefecrtly that recelves goos and productscts Hlstory Ware-houstng s roots date back to the crcatton of grananes to store food d of fbmine. As European explorers began ng arehouses at the ports grew In Importance for thc storage of products and commodn to creale Shipping-trade routes with other narions, from afar. As railmads began to expend ravel andd t les for the storage of materials became necessary. Later, because the trnnsportation, the creation of rail depots resinctions On railroads, govemment placed more commercial wa:ehousing began to grow. World War n also mpacted warehousutg. As mass productlon grew throughout mamfactunng, the needs off efficientand effective wuehousing capabilitiesgrewwith it. Modern Development arehouse industry also cofed with new methods of distribution, such as just-in-hme U\maoufacturing-where warehousing is unnecessary because products are shipped dvectly to customers. Warehousig companie8- are now striving to beb nnfly storage facilities. They a:e transforming temselves into \logisticss Provjders\or \that provide a wide array of services aad flancioos. Con;emporaryy arebousing facilities ofrer ligkt manufacturing, caH centers, labeling, and othre non-sto:age optrons. Warebouse Classifications Warehouses are divided into public warehouse, private wa:ehouse, leased warehouse aod contract Werehouse. Public warehouse uwolves he client paying a staadard fee fior thee storage of merchandise. Private warehouse is storage and operations controlled completely .by a sinle manufacturer. Leaed warebouse is an optioa for more stabte inventoryrr Contract warehouse clients Fay fees regrdless of whether thy are usin the space or not:ot: the space is always there for them to use, however. Aecording to Overiew of Warebousingg in North America, contract waehouse accounts for more tban 60 percent of the U.S.+ Commercial market. Warebouse Fnnctions Warehousing is a key eomponent of the overall business supply chain. Warehouse fia:etions include the storage of goods to permit managing product fow or to accommodate longer production runs; a mixing point where products from difrerent suppliers are mixed and then distributed to fulfll customer orders; a sales branch and customer service location: a source of supplies for production; a staging area for final packaging or finishing Warehouse Operation and Management The basic function of a warehouse is to receive customer orders, retrieve requhed items, and finally prepare and ship those items. There are many ways to organize these operations but the overall process in most warehouses shares the following common phasea Receiving-the process of unloading, checking quality and quantity, and disassembling or repacking items for storage Put-away-4efining the appropriate location for items and transferring them to the specified storage location to wait for demand Order picking-retrieving items from their storage locations and transporting them either to a sorting process or straight to the shipping area Shipping-inspecting, packing, palletizing and loading items into a carrier for further delivery Warehouse operations need clear visibility and real-time information on the location and movement of items. Using bar code, RFID, advanced labeling and wireless data collection technologies, your warehouse eliminates costly inefficiencies in your receiving, put-away, picking and shipping processes. AII items are accounted for with bar code labels and RFID tags. Inventory locations are clearly identified with long-range scannable labels Wareisouse employees receive ptcking and put-away instructions through wireless handheld and vehicle-mount terminals communicating real-time with your