南京理工大学
毕业设计说明书(论文)
作
者:
王 鑫
学号： 1001510426 机械工程学院 武器系统与工程
反后坐装置动态加载试验台设计
——试验台总体设计
学院(系): 专题
业: 目:
指导者： 郑建国 教授
(姓 名) (专业技术职务)
评阅者：
(姓 名) (专业技术职务)
2014 年 5 月
毕业设计说明书（论文）中文摘要
火炮作为常规压制性武器，在目前的战争中仍然起着非常重要的作用。反后坐装置俗称火炮的”心脏”，是整个火炮系统的核心部件。反后坐装置试验台作为对反后坐装置进行测试、科学研究后坐过程的装置，在火炮相关理论学习、设计制造等方面有重要作用。为弥补传统反后坐试验台在结构老化、安全性低、稳定性差、维护保养复杂等缺点，并要满足反后坐装置的性能要求，现拟构建一种以气压方式作为冲击动力源的反后坐装置动态加载试验台，使其能进行后坐模拟。为设计火炮反后坐试验装置，分析了反后坐装置的结构和工作原理，并对其进行了力学分析和计算。在此基础上，确定了反后坐试验装置设计方案。为了高度模拟火炮工作状态，以冲击质量、冲击速度等作为实验因素进行了后坐仿真和验证。仿真结果表明，该实验装置可以满足火炮反后坐实际试验要求。 关键词 反后坐装置 冲击动力源 反后坐装置动态加载试验台 后坐仿真
毕业设计说明书（论文）外文摘要
Title The design of Reverse recoil dynamic loading test bench——The overall design of the test bench Abstract Conventional artillery as oppressive weapon, the present still plays a very important role in the war.Reverse recoil device commonly known as artillery \rig, which is the equipment for testing reverse recoil device and scientifically studying the recoil process, plays a significant role in both the cannon’s correlation theory learning and its designing and manufacturing. To make up for the traditional reverse recoil test rig’s defects of structural aging, poor safety, low stability, and maintenance complication etc, along with satisfying the performance requirements of reverse recoil device, we now plan to build a kind of dynamic loading test rig of reverse recoil device which is powered by pressure mode, in order to enable it to do the recoil simulation. For designing the cannon reverse recoil testing device, the author analyzes the structure and working theory of the reverse recoil device, as well as performing mechanical analysis and computation on it. Based on that, the author decides on the final design of the reverse recoil testing device. In order to highly imitate the working state of the canon, the author carries out recoil simulation and verification taking impact quality and impact speed as experimental factors. The result of simulation shows that, this testing device meets the requirements of cannon reverse recoil practical test. Keywords Reverse recoil device The impact power source Reverse recoil device dynamic loading test bench Recoil simulation
本科毕业设计说明书（论文）
目
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1 绪论 ································································································································ 1 1.1 选题的背景及意义 ····································································································· 1 1.2 反后坐装置设计 ········································································································· 1 1.3 现代火炮对反后坐装置的要求 ················································································· 2 1.4 本课题任务的内容和要求 ························································································· 3 1.5 本课题研究的主要内容 ····························································································· 4 2 反后坐装置试验台系统设计 ························································································ 4 2.1 反后坐装置试验台子系统分析 ················································································· 5 2.2 气动装置系统分析 ····································································································· 6 2.3 卡锁系统分析 ············································································································· 7 2.4 液压系统分析 ············································································································· 8 3 设计计算及校核 ············································································································ 8 3.1 碰撞计算 ····················································································································· 8 3.2 碰撞过程动态分析计算 ····························································································· 9 3.3 弹簧的选择与设计计算 ··························································································· 11 3.4 后坐部分仿真计算 ··································································································· 18 3.5 滚动直线导轨副设计计算 ······················································································· 19 4 零件结构设计及技术要求 ·························································································· 20 4.1 反后坐装置结构设计 ······························································································· 21 4.2 气动系统结构设计 ··································································································· 23 4.3 碟簧及质量块结构设计 ··························································································· 23 4.4 卡锁系统结构设计 ··································································································· 26 4.5 液压系统结构设计 ··································································································· 27 4.6 试验台基座结构设计 ······························································································· 28 5 试验台装总体装配设计 ······························································································ 29 5.1 基座的加工与装配 ··································································································· 29 5.2 后液压系统的连接与紧固 ······················································································· 28 5.3 卡索系统的连接与紧固 ··························································································· 29 5.4 气缸系统与前液压装置的连接与紧固 ··································································· 29 5.5 质量块的装配 ··········································································································· 30 5.6 反后坐装置的装配 ··································································································· 30 结论 ·································································································································· 31 致谢 ·································································································································· 32 参考文献 ·························································································································· 33
本科毕业设计说明书（论文）
1 绪论
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共33 页
火炮是利用火药燃气压力等能源抛射弹丸，口径等于或大于20毫米的身管射击武器【1】。火炮作为常规压制性武器，由于其制造过程简单，制造、使用、维护成本低，在目前的战争中仍然起着非常重要的作用。反后坐装置俗称火炮的”心脏”，是整个火炮系统的核心部件。当反后坐装置出现故障时，整个火炮系统的工作性能将受到极大影响，甚至丧失战斗力。因此，对反后坐装置的试验研究在日常火炮研发中有十分重要的地位。
1.1 选题的背景及意义
反后坐装置动态加载试验台，顾名思义，是将火炮反后坐装置安装在试验平台上，通过发射弹丸或其他手段为其提供动力，使反后坐装置能在室内完成全部动作，并可以对其数据进行记录分析的一种实验装置【2】。
传统反后坐试验台结构老化，后坐动力完全依赖发射弹丸提供，虽然能完整的体现出后坐时的状态，但这样的机构在实验时对场地要求较高，需要在专门的靶场或者专门的实验室进行。而且，传统试验台不仅在试验的可行性方面存在问题，还因为需要进行实弹或者沙弹射击而在实验安全性方面存在巨大问题【3】。为弥补以火药为动力源的试验装置存在的安全性低、稳定性差、维护保养复杂等缺点，并要满足反后坐装置的性能要求，现拟构建一种以气压方式作为冲击动力源的试验台，并且要求此试验台也能使后坐装置进行人工后坐【4】。
火炮反后坐试验台是在不发射实弹的情况下，使反后坐装置产生与实弹射击时相同动态效应的模拟装置。是一种通过气压装置产生动力带动炮身后坐运动，模拟开炮时各种参数的技术可行的后坐模拟试验方法。因此以反后坐装置为试验对象，由气压装置产生动力并以某种可靠的方式带动炮身后坐，让反后坐装置工作，模拟开炮时的后坐情况，设计了反后坐试验装置方案【5】。通过建立试验装置模型，对后坐阻力、后坐速度、后坐行程、后坐加速度等因素进行优化计算，得到优化参数组合，并对仿真结果进行了验证，从而可以较为准确地模拟反后坐装置的运动规律，为火炮反后坐的相关试验提供技术支持【6】。
1.2 反后坐装置介绍
火炮是人类武器发展历史上出现最早的热兵器。即使在今天各种高新技术的装备